Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Influence Of Prenatal Arsenic Exposure And Newborn Sex On Global Methylation Of Cord Blood Dna, Richard Pilsner, Megan Hall, Xinhua Liu, Vesna Ilievski, Vesna Slavkovich, Diane Levy, Pam Factor-Litvak, Mahammad Yunus, Mahfuzar Rahman, Joseph Graziano, Mary Gamble

J. Richard Pilsner

Background

An emerging body of evidence indicates that early-life arsenic (As) exposure may influence the trajectory of health outcomes later in life. However, the mechanisms underlying these observations are unknown.

Objective

The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of prenatal As exposure on global methylation of cord blood DNA in a study of mother/newborn pairs in Matlab, Bangladesh.

Design

Maternal and cord blood DNA were available from a convenience sample of 101 mother/newborn pairs. Measures of As exposure included maternal urinary As (uAs), maternal blood As (mbAs) and cord blood As (cbAs). Several measures of global DNA …

Hormones And Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals: Low-Dose Effects And Nonmonotonic Dose Responses, Laura Vandenberg, Theo Colborn, Tyrone Hayes, Jerrold Heindel, David Jacobs Jr., Duk-Hee Lee, Toshi Shioda, Ana Soto, Frederick Vom Saal, Wade Welshons, R. Zoeller, John Myers

Laura Vandenberg

For decades, studies of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have challenged traditional concepts in toxicology, in particular the dogma of “the dose makes the poison,” because EDCs can have effects at low doses that are not predicted by effects at higher doses. Here, we review two major concepts in EDC studies: low dose and nonmonotonicity. Low-dose effects were defined by the National Toxicology Program as those that occur in the range of human exposures or effects observed at doses below those used for traditional toxicological studies. We review the mechanistic data for low-dose effects and use a weight-of-evidence approach to analyze five …