Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Cardio-Renal-Metabolic Care Models: Toward Achieving Effective Interdisciplinary Care., Janani Rangaswami, Katherine Tuttle, Muthiah Vaduganathan

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

No abstract provided.

Supervised Exercise Intervention And Overall Activity In Ckd., Mindy M Pike, Aseel Alsouqi, Samuel A E Headley, Katherine Tuttle, Elizabeth Elspeth Evans, Charles M Milch, Kelsey Anne Moody, Michael Germain, Thomas G Stewart, Loren Lipworth, Jonathan Himmelfarb, T Alp Ikizler, Cassianne Robinson-Cohen

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

Introduction: Patients are often instructed to engage in multiple weekly sessions of exercise to increase physical activity. We aimed to determine whether assignment to a supervised exercise regimen increases overall weekly activity in individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Methods: We performed a secondary analysis of a pilot randomized 2 × 2 factorial design trial examining the effects of diet and exercise (10%-15% reduction in caloric intake, 3 supervised exercise sessions/wk, combined diet restriction/exercise, and control). Activity was measured as counts detected by accelerometer. Counts data were collected on all days for which an accelerometer was worn at baseline, month …

Memote For Standardized Genome-Scale Metabolic Model Testing., Christian Lieven, Moritz E Beber, Brett G Olivier, Frank T Bergmann, Meric Ataman, Parizad Babaei, Jennifer A Bartell, Lars M Blank, Siddharth Chauhan, Kevin Correia, Christian Diener, Andreas Dräger, Birgitta E Ebert, Janaka N Edirisinghe, José P Faria, Adam M Feist, Georgios Fengos, Ronan M T Fleming, Beatriz García-Jiménez, Vassily Hatzimanikatis, Wout Van Helvoirt, Christopher S Henry, Henning Hermjakob, Markus J Herrgård, Ali Kaafarani, Hyun Uk Kim, Zachary King, Steffen Klamt, Edda Klipp, Jasper J Koehorst, Matthias König, Meiyappan Lakshmanan, Dong-Yup Lee, Sang Yup Lee, Sunjae Lee, Nathan E Lewis, Filipe Liu, Hongwu Ma, Daniel Machado, Radhakrishnan Mahadevan, Paulo Maia, Adil Mardinoglu, Gregory L Medlock, Jonathan M Monk, Jens Nielsen, Lars Keld Nielsen, Juan Nogales, Intawat Nookaew, Bernhard O Palsson, Jason A Papin, Kiran R Patil, Mark Poolman, Nathan D Price, Osbaldo Resendis-Antonio, Anne Richelle, Isabel Rocha, Benjamín J Sánchez, Peter J Schaap, Rahuman S Malik Sheriff, Saeed Shoaie, Nikolaus Sonnenschein, Bas Teusink, Paulo Vilaça, Jon Olav Vik, Judith A H Wodke, Joana C Xavier, Qianqian Yuan, Maksim Zakhartsev, Cheng Zhang

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

No abstract provided.

Epigenetic Reprogramming At Estrogen-Receptor Binding Sites Alters 3d Chromatin Landscape In Endocrine-Resistant Breast Cancer., Joanna Achinger-Kawecka, Fatima Valdes-Mora, Phuc-Loi Luu, Katherine A Giles, C Elizabeth Caldon, Wenjia Qu, Shalima Nair, Sebastian Soto, Warwick J Locke, Nicole S Yeo-Teh, Cathryn M Gould, Qian Du, Grady C Smith, Irene R Ramos, Kristine F Fernandez, Dave S B Hoon, Julia M W Gee, Clare Stirzaker, Susan J Clark

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

Endocrine therapy resistance frequently develops in estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. Here, we show that 3-dimensional (3D) chromatin interactions both within and between topologically associating domains (TADs) frequently change in ER+ endocrine-resistant breast cancer cells and that the differential interactions are enriched for resistance-associated genetic variants at CTCF-bound anchors. Ectopic chromatin interactions are preferentially enriched at active enhancers and promoters and ER binding sites, and are associated with altered expression of ER-regulated genes, consistent with dynamic remodelling of ER pathways accompanying the development of endocrine resistance. We observe that loss of …

Progressive Shifts In The Gut Microbiome Reflect Prediabetes And Diabetes Development In A Treatment-Naive Mexican Cohort., Christian Diener, María De Lourdes Reyes-Escogido, Lilia M Jimenez-Ceja, Mariana Matus, Claudia M Gomez-Navarro, Nathaniel D Chu, Vivian Zhong, M Elizabeth Tejero, Eric Alm, Osbaldo Resendis-Antonio, Rodolfo Guardado-Mendoza

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a global epidemic that affects more than 8% of the world's population and is a leading cause of death in Mexico. Diet and lifestyle are known to contribute to the onset of T2D. However, the role of the gut microbiome in T2D progression remains uncertain. Associations between microbiome composition and diabetes are confounded by medication use, diet, and obesity. Here we present data on a treatment-naive cohort of 405 Mexican individuals across varying stages of T2D severity. Associations between gut bacteria and more than 200 clinical variables revealed a defined set of bacterial genera that …

Recent Advances In The Understanding And Management Of Primary Hyperparathyroidism., Melanie Goldfarb, Frederick R Singer

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

Primary hyperparathyroidism is a hormonal disorder whose prevalence is approximately 1-2% in the United States of America. The disease has become more recognizable to clinicians in an earlier phase and, at present, patients can be diagnosed with "classic", "normocalcemic", "normohormonal", or "mild, asymptomatic" primary hyperparathyroidism. Surgery, with a focused parathyroidectomy when possible, or a four-gland exploration, is the only way to cure the disease. Cure is determined by use of intra-operative parathyroid hormone monitoring with long-term cure rates ranging from 90-95%. Newer adjuncts to surgery include CT or PET imaging and near-infrared immunofluorescence. This article highlights updates in parathyroid disease …

Demonstration Of Reciprocal Diurnal Variation In Human Serum T3 And Rt3 Concentration Demonstrated By Mass Spectrometric Analysis And Establishment Of Thyroid Hormone Reference Intervals., Qian Sun, Lívia Avallone, Brian Stolze, Katherine A Araque, Yesim Özarda, Jacqueline Jonklaas, Toral Parikh, Kerry Welsh, Likhona Masika, Steven J Soldin

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

Background: There has been a wide range of reference intervals proposed in previous literature for thyroid hormones due to large between-assay variability of immunoassays, as well as lack of correction for collection time. We provided the diurnal reference intervals for five thyroid hormones, namely total thyroxine (TT4), total triiodothyronine (TT3), free thyroxine (FT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), and reverse T3 (rT3), measured in serum samples of healthy participants using a liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method.

Methods: Couplet serum samples (a.m. and p.m.) were collected from 110 healthy females and 49 healthy males. Healthy volunteers were recruited from four participating centers …

Increase Postpartum Gestational Diabetes Screening, Kari Ayala, Angela Bonin, Rachael Baker, Susan Chin, Brian Drake, Joseph Kaempf, Christina Malango, Judy Marvin, Shelly Johnson

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

Introduction:

Diabetic women did not get follow up screening after delivery. Nurses are finding a way to screen more women.

Antepartum Screening Alignment, Shelly Johnson, Silvia Moreno-Aguilar, Joanna Sullivan, Dennis Tan

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

No abstract provided.

Diabetes Prevention, Shelly Johnson, Miles Hassell, Heidi Davis, Caroline Garrett, Joseph Kaempf

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

Introduction:

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common medical complications of pregnancy. If not treated properly, medicine is recommended = A2GDM. Both are preventable.

Long-Term Safety And Efficacy Of Subcutaneous Pasireotide In Patients With Cushing's Disease: Interim Results From A Long-Term Real-World Evidence Study., Luca Manetti, Timo Deutschbein, Jochen Schopohl, Kevin C J Yuen, Michael Roughton, Ulrike Kriemler-Krahn, Libuse Tauchmanova, Ricardo Maamari, Carla Giordano

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

PURPOSE: Clinical trials have demonstrated the favorable efficacy/safety profile of pasireotide in patients with Cushing's disease (CD). We report interim long-term results of an ongoing real-world evidence study of subcutaneous pasireotide in patients with CD.

METHODS: Adults with CD receiving pasireotide, initiated before (prior-use) or at study entry (new-use), were monitored for ≤ 3 years during a multicenter observational study ( http://clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT02310269). Primary objective was to assess long-term safety of pasireotide alone or with other CD therapies.

RESULTS: At the time of this interim analysis, 127 patients had received pasireotide (new-use, n = 31; prior-use, n = 96). …

Extracellular Vesicle Encapsulated Micrornas In Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Are Affected By Metformin Treatment., Vikas Ghai, Taek-Kyun Kim, Alton Etheridge, Trine Nielsen, Torben Hansen, Oluf Pedersen, David Galas, Kai Wang

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) in circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs), have emerged as a source of potential biomarkers for various pathophysiological conditions, including metabolic disorders such as diabetes. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), is the most prevalent form of diabetes in the USA, with 30 million diagnosed patients. Identifying miRNA biomarkers that can be used to assess response to glucose lowering treatments would be useful. Using patient plasma samples from a subset of the Danish Metagenomics of the Human Intestinal Tract (MetaHIT) cohort, we characterized miRNAs from whole plasma, plasma-derived EVs, and EV-depleted plasma by small RNA-sequencing to identify T2DM associated miRNAs. …

Erratum. Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibition And Diabetic Kidney Disease. Diabetes 2019;68:248-257., Radica Alicic, Joshua J Neumiller, Emily J Cox, Brad P Dieter, Katherine Tuttle

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

No abstract provided.

Ectopic Pituitary Adenoma Presenting As A Clival Mass., Juan J Altafulla, Joshua Prickett, Graham Dupont, R Shane Tubbs, Zachary Litvack

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

Pituitary adenomas are well described in the literature and are frequently observed and treated in clinical practice by neurosurgeons. On the other hand, ectopic adenomas are a diagnostic enigma; a good understanding of anatomy and radiological characteristics is crucial for the successful management of such pathologies. In this paper, we describe the case of a 77-year-old woman who presented with a clival mass invading the left cavernous sinus; we also discuss the associated diagnostic techniques, approaches, imaging options, and characteristics.

Serum Amyloid A And Janus Kinase 2 In A Mouse Model Of Diabetic Kidney Disease., Brad P Dieter, Rick L Meek, Robert J Anderberg, Sheryl K Cooney, Jen L Bergin, Hongyu Zhang, Viji Nair, Matthias Kretzler, Frank C Brosius, Katherine Tuttle

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

BACKGROUND: Serum amyloid A (SAA), a potent inflammatory mediator, and Janus kinase 2 (JAK2), an intracellular signaling kinase, are increased by diabetes. The aims were to elucidate: 1) a JAK2-mediated pathway for increased SAA in the kidneys of diabetic mice; 2) a JAK2-SAA pathway for inflammation in podocytes.

METHODS: Akita diabetic mice (129S6) with podocyte JAK2 overexpression and angiotensin II infusion (4 weeks) were given a JAK1,2 inhibitor (LY03103801, 3 mg/kg/day orally for the last two weeks). Kidneys were immunostained for SAA isoform 3 (SAA3). SAA3 knockout and control mouse podocytes were exposed to advanced glycation end products (AGE) or …

Evaluation Of A Digital Diabetes Prevention Program Adapted For The Medicaid Population: Study Design And Methods For A Non-Randomized, Controlled Trial., Sue E Kim, Cynthia M Castro Sweet, Eliza Gibson, Erica N Madero, Barbara Rubino, Janina Morrison, Debra Rosen, Wendy Imberg, Michael R Cousineau

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

Previous studies have shown that lifestyle modification can successfully prevent or delay development of type 2 diabetes. This trial aimed to test if an underserved, low-income population would engage in a digital diabetes prevention program and successfully achieve lifestyle changes to reduce their risk of type 2 diabetes. Participants were recruited from three health care facilities serving low-income populations. The inclusion criteria were: a recent blood test indicating prediabetes, body mass index (BMI) > 24 kg/m

Role Of Physical Activity For Weight Loss And Weight Maintenance., Carla E Cox

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

This article reviews the impact of exercise on weight loss and weight maintenance and the possible reasons that weight loss outcomes resulting from exercise are not consistently realized.

Therapeutic Considerations For Antihyperglycemic Agents In Diabetic Kidney Disease., Joshua J Neumiller, Radica Alicic, Katherine Tuttle

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

Diabetic kidney disease is among the most frequent complications of diabetes, with approximately 50% of patients with ESRD attributed to diabetes in developed countries. Although intensive glycemic management has been shown to delay the onset and progression of increased urinary albumin excretion and reduced GFR in patients with diabetes, conservative dose selection and adjustment of antihyperglycemic medications are necessary to balance glycemic control with safety. A growing body of literature is providing valuable insight into the cardiovascular and renal safety and efficacy of newer antihyperglycemic medications in the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor …

Pineal Gland Agenesis: Review And Case Illustration., Marcus A Cox, Michele Davis, Vlad Voin, Mohammadali Shoja, Rod J Oskouian, Marios Loukas, R Shane Tubbs

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

Agenesis of the pineal gland has rarely been reported in the medical literature. Herein, we report a cadaveric specimen found to have agenesis of the pineal gland. The remaining gross examination of the brain was normal. A review of the literature was performed on this unusual finding.

Evaluation Of Evidence Of Adrenal Insufficiency In Trials Of Normocortisolemic Patients Treated With Mifepristone., Kevin C J Yuen, Andreas Moraitis, Dat Nguyen

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

Context: Adrenal insufficiency (AI) is an important medical concern for clinicians when normocortisolemia is achieved during treatment of endogenous Cushing syndrome (CS).

Objective: To examine symptoms of potential AI in a large population of normocortisolemic patients without CS treated with mifepristone, a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist indicated for the treatment of patients with CS.

Methods: We conducted a pooled safety analysis of five phase 3, placebo-controlled clinical trials of normocortisolemic adults without CS but diagnosed with psychotic depression (n = 1460). Patients were treated with once-daily mifepristone 300 mg (n = 110), 600 mg (n = 471), or 1200 mg (n …

A Systematic Study Of Dysregulated Microrna In Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus., Yuqing He, Yuanlin Ding, Biyu Liang, Juanjuan Lin, Taek-Kyun Kim, Haibing Yu, Hanwei Hang, Kai Wang

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that modulate the cellular transcriptome at the post-transcriptional level. miRNA plays important roles in different disease manifestation, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Many studies have characterized the changes of miRNAs in T2DM, a complex systematic disease; however, few studies have integrated these findings and explored the functional effects of the dysregulated miRNAs identified. To investigate the involvement of miRNAs in T2DM, we obtained and analyzed all relevant studies published prior to 18 October 2016 from various literature databases. From 59 independent studies that met the inclusion criteria, we identified 158 dysregulated miRNAs in …

Risk Of Glucose Intolerance And Gestational Diabetes Mellitus In Relation To Maternal Habitual Snoring During Early Pregnancy., Chunfang Qiu, Wayne Lawrence, Bizu Gelaye, Lee Stoner, Ihunnaya O Frederick, Daniel A Enquobahrie, Tanya K Sorensen, Michelle A Williams

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

BACKGROUND: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) or habitual snoring is known to be associated with impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes among both men and non-pregnant women. We examined the association of habitual snoring during early pregnancy with risk of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

METHODS: A cohort of 1,579 women was interviewed during early pregnancy. We collected information about snoring frequency during early pregnancy. Results from screening and diagnostic tests for IGT and GDM were abstracted from medical records. Multivariate logistic regression models were fitted to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% …