Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Utility Of Bariatric Surgery In The Remission Of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Christine Ercoline, Alyssa Bower, Corinne Singh

Physician Assistant Capstones, 2020-current

Objective: Assess whether bariatric surgery is more effective than lifestyle modification and medication in the long-term reduction of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and fasting plasma glucose among obese adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Design: Systematic literature review. Methods: A PubMed search was performed utilizing the terms bariatric surgery, type 2 diabetes and remission. In PubMed the following limits and terms were used: published in the last 10 years, humans, full text, clinical trial, randomized control trial, and English. Results: An analysis of three randomized control trials (RCTs) supports bariatric surgery as a modality to induce the remission of type 2 …

The Classification Of Obesity Based On Metabolic Status Redefines The Readmission Of Non-Hodgkin’S Lymphoma-An Observational Study, Hang Dong, Honglin Guo, Jing Du, Yiping Cheng, Dawei Wang, Junming Han, Zinuo Yuan, Zhenyu Yao, Ran An, Xiaoqin Wu, Kyle L Poulsen, Zhixiang Wang, Shanshan Shao, Xiude Fan, Zhen Wang, Jiajun Zhao

Journal Articles

BACKGROUND: The relationship between obesity and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) was controversial, which may be due to the crudeness definition of obesity based on body mass index (BMI). As obesity and metabolic abnormalities often coexist, we aimed to explore whether the classification of obesity based on metabolic status can help to evaluate the real impact of obesity on the readmission of NHL.

METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study, utilizing the 2018 Nationwide Readmissions Database, we identified NHL-related index hospitalizations and followed them for non-elective readmission. The patients with NHL were classified as metabolically healthy non-obese (MHNO) and obese (MHO) and metabolically …

Precision Recruitment And Engagement Of Individuals At Risk For Diabetes And Hypertension In Clinical Trials (Predhict): A Randomized Trial For An E-Persuasive Mobile Application To Inform Decision Making About Clinical Trials, Azizi Seixas, Shannique Richards, Jesse Q Moore, Chigozirim Izeogu, Laronda A Hollimon, Peng Jin, Girardin Jean-Louis

Journal Articles

The primary objective of this randomized trial was to test the effectiveness of the PREDHiCT digital application, which provides educational and supportive navigation to increase willingness to participate in a future clinical trial. The second objective was to test whether PREDHiCT increased clinical trial literacy or enhanced psychological facilitators of clinical trial participation, such as altruism. To test these two objectives, we conducted a 1-month remote decentralized trial with 100 participants who either have a personal or family history of cardiometabolic health conditions, such as hypertension, diabetes, and obesity. Results indicated significant changes in altruism (mean: -2.94 vs. 0.83;

Emergency Department Presentations Of Diabetic Ketoacidosis In A Large Cohort Of Children, Lisa E. Nigrovic, Nathan Kuppermann, Simona Ghetti, Jeff E. Schunk, Michael J. Stoner, Arleta Rewers, Julie K. Mcmanemy, Kimberly S. Quayle, Jennifer L. Trainor, Leah Tzimenatos, Jonathan E. Bennett, Maria Y. Kwok, Sage R. Myers, Kathleen M. Brown, T. Charles Casper, Cody S. Olsen, Nicole S. Glaser

Department of Emergency Medicine Faculty Papers

Background.

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a potentially life-threatening complication of childhood diabetes. However, the influence of demographic factors on presentation are not well-defined.

Methods.

We included children from 12 centers who were <18 years with DKA (glucose > 300 mg/dL, serum pH < 7.25, or serum bicarbonate <15 mEq/L) enrolled in the Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN) Fluid Therapies Under Investigation in DKA (FLUID) Trial. Data were also collected for children who presented to the centers during the enrollment period but were not enrolled due to disease or treatment-related reasons. We compared demographic, clinical, and biochemical findings among children with newly and previously diagnosed diabetes and children in different age groups.

Results.

Of the 1,679 DKA episodes in 1,553 children, 799 (47.5%) episodes occurred in children with newly diagnosed diabetes and 396 (23.6%) were severe (pH < 7.1). Newly diagnosed children <6 years of age were not more likely to have severe DKA in terms of pH, but had more severe hypocarbia and higher blood urea nitrogen levels, factors previously associated with the risk of cerebral injury. Lower socioeconomic status (SES) (based on family income and maternal education level) were associated with more severe DKA in new onset children, and recurrent DKA in the previously diagnosed children.

Conclusions.

Greater efforts are needed to identify the children with diabetes early and to prevent recurrent DKA, particularly among children in low-SES groups. Young children with DKA may need more intensive monitoring due to higher …

Enhancing Diabetes Care In Lmics: Insights From A Multinational Consensus, Jose Carlos Miranda, S Abbas Raza, Babatope Kolawole, Jahanzeb Kamal Khan, Atiba Alvi, Fariha Sadiq Ali, Ejim Emmanuel Chukwudi, Nanik Ram, Amira Oluwatoyin

Section of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism

The International Cardio-Metabolic Forum held a plenary session to establish a multinational consensus on the challenges faced in diabetes management within lower-middle-income countries (LMICs) and their potential solutions. Stakeholders, including patients, family/caretakers, healthcare professionals, and healthcare policymakers & organizations, participated in discussions. The audience of 280 doctors from 15 different countries (Pakistan, Qatar, Sri Lanka, Kenya, Myanmar, Georgia, Nigeria, Philippines, Uzbekistan, Iraq, Tanzania, Cambodia, Kazakhstan, South Sudan and Libya) was divided into 4 groups led by Group Leaders to represent each stakeholder group. Questionnaires addressing key challenges and solutions specific to each group were used to facilitate consensus development. Participants …

Ascertainment Of Minimal Clinically Important Differences In The Diabetes Distress Scale-17: A Secondary Analysis Of A Randomized Clinical Trial, Jack Banks, Amber B Amspoker, Elizabeth M Vaughan, Lechauncy Woodard, Aanand D Naik

Journal Articles

IMPORTANCE: The Diabetes Distress Scale-17 (DDS-17) is a common measure of diabetes distress. Despite its popularity, there are no agreed-on minimal clinically important difference (MCID) values for the DDS-17.

OBJECTIVE: to establish a distribution-based metric for MCID in the DDS-17 and its 4 subscale scores (interpersonal distress, physician distress, regimen distress, and emotional distress).

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial used baseline and postintervention data from a hybrid (implementation-effectiveness) trial evaluating Empowering Patients in Chronic Care (EPICC) vs an enhanced form of usual care (EUC). Participants included adults with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes (glycated …

Diabetes-Associated Hyperglycemia Causes Rapid-Onset Ocular Surface Damage, Judy Weng, Christopher Ross, Jacob Baker, Saleh Alfuraih, Kiumars Shamloo, Ajay Sharma

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Purpose: The metabolic alterations due to chronic hyperglycemia are well-known to cause diabetes-associated complications. Short-term hyperglycemia has also been shown to cause many acute changes, including hemodynamic alterations and osmotic, oxidative, and inflammatory stress. The present study was designed to investigate whether diabetes-associated hyperglycemia can cause rapid-onset detrimental effects on the tear film, goblet cells, and glycocalyx and can lead to activation of an inflammatory cascade or cellular stress response in the cornea.

Methods: Mouse models of type 1 and type 2 diabetes were used. Tear film volume, goblet cell number, and corneal glycocalyx area were measured on …

Determining Call-To-Entry Rate And Recruitment Barriers In Clinical Studies For Community Clinics Serving Low-Income Populations: A Cohort Study, Elizabeth M Vaughan, Salim Virani, Mahmoud Al Rifai, Victor J Cardenas, Craig A Johnston, Laura Porterfield, Zuleica Santiago Delgado, Susan L Samson, Vanessa Schick, Aanand D Naik

Journal Articles

BACKGROUND: Recruitment for clinical studies is challenging. to overcome barriers, investigators have previously established call-to-entry rates to assist in planning. However, rates specific to low-income minority populations are needed to account for additional barriers to enrolment these individuals face.

OBJECTIVE: to obtain a call-to-entry rate in a low-income uninsured Hispanic population with chronic disease.

METHODS: We used data from four of our randomised clinical studies to determine the call-to-entry rate for individuals (n=1075) with or at risk for type 2 diabetes: participants needed/potential participants contacted=recruitment rate (yield). Research staff contacted potential participants to enrol in a study that evaluated 6 …

Untargeted Metabolomics Analysis On Kidney Tissues From Mice Reveals Potential Hypoxia Biomarkers, Muhammad Imran Sajid, Francisco J. Nunez, Farideh Amirrad, Moom Rahman Roosan, Tom Vojtko, Scott Mcculloch, Amal Alachkar, Surya M. Nauli

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Chronic hypoxia may have a huge impact on the cardiovascular and renal systems. Advancements in microscopy, metabolomics, and bioinformatics provide opportunities to identify new biomarkers. In this study, we aimed at elucidating the metabolic alterations in kidney tissues induced by chronic hypoxia using untargeted metabolomic analyses. Reverse phase ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy/mass spectroscopy (RP–UPLC–MS/MS) and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)–UPLC–MS/MS methods with positive and negative ion mode electrospray ionization were used for metabolic profiling. The metabolomic profiling revealed an increase in metabolites related to carnitine synthesis and purine metabolism. Additionally, there was a notable increase in bilirubin. Heme, N-acetyl-L-aspartic …

Medical Imaging Applications Of Federated Learning, Sukhveer Singh Sandhu, Hamed Taheri Gorji, Pantea Tavakolian, Kouhyar Tavakolian, Alireza Akhbardeh

Journal Articles

Since its introduction in 2016, researchers have applied the idea of Federated Learning (FL) to several domains ranging from edge computing to banking. The technique's inherent security benefits, privacy-preserving capabilities, ease of scalability, and ability to transcend data biases have motivated researchers to use this tool on healthcare datasets. While several reviews exist detailing FL and its applications, this review focuses solely on the different applications of FL to medical imaging datasets, grouping applications by diseases, modality, and/or part of the body. This Systematic Literature review was conducted by querying and consolidating results from ArXiv, IEEE Xplorer, and PubMed. Furthermore, …

Association Of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease, Hypertension, Diabetes, And Hyperlipidemia With Gulf War Illness Among Gulf War Veterans, Sarah T Ahmed, Ruosha Li, Peter Richardson, Saurendro Ghosh, Lea Steele, Donna L White, Alice Nono Djotsa, Kellie Sims, Elizabeth Gifford, Elizabeth R Hauser, Salim S Virani, Robert Morgan, George Delclos, Drew A Helmer

Journal Articles

BACKGROUND: Approximately 30% of the 700 000 Gulf War veterans report a chronic symptom-based illness of varying severity referred to as Gulf War illness (GWI). toxic deployment-related exposures have been implicated in the cause of GWI, some of which contribute to metabolic dysregulation and lipid abnormalities. As this cohort ages, the relationship between GWI and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is a growing concern. We evaluated associations between GWI and ASCVD, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension in veterans of the Gulf War (1990-1991).

METHODS AND RESULTS: Analysis of survey data collected in 2014 to 2016 from a national sample of deployed Gulf …

Lowering Of Circulating Sclerostin May Increase Risk Of Atherosclerosis And Its Risk Factors: Evidence From A Genome-Wide Association Meta-Analysis Followed By Mendelian Randomization, Jie Zheng, Eleanor Wheeler, Maik Pietzner, Till F M Andlauer, Michelle S Yau, April E Hartley, Ben Michael Brumpton, Humaira Rasheed, John P Kemp, Monika Frysz, Jamie Robinson, Sjur Reppe, Vid Prijatelj, Kaare M Gautvik, Louise Falk, Winfried Maerz, Ingrid Gergei, Patricia A Peyser, Maryam Kavousi, Paul S De Vries, Clint L Miller, Maxime Bos, Sander W Van Der Laan, Rajeev Malhotra, Markus Herrmann, Hubert Scharnagl, Marcus Kleber, George Dedoussis, Eleftheria Zeggini, Maria Nethander, Claes Ohlsson, Mattias Lorentzon, Nick Wareham, Claudia Langenberg, Michael V Holmes, George Davey Smith, Jonathan H Tobias

Journal Articles

OBJECTIVE: In this study, we aimed to establish the causal effects of lowering sclerostin, target of the antiosteoporosis drug romosozumab, on atherosclerosis and its risk factors.

METHODS: A genome-wide association study meta-analysis was performed of circulating sclerostin levels in 33,961 European individuals. Mendelian randomization (MR) was used to predict the causal effects of sclerostin lowering on 15 atherosclerosis-related diseases and risk factors.

RESULTS: We found that 18 conditionally independent variants were associated with circulating sclerostin. Of these, 1 cis signal in SOST and 3 trans signals in B4GALNT3, RIN3, and SERPINA1 regions showed directionally opposite signals for sclerostin levels and …

Bisphenol-A And Phthalate Metabolism In Children With Neurodevelopmental Disorders, T Peter Stein, Margaret D Schluter, Robert A Steer, Xue Ming

Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine Faculty Scholarship

BACKGROUND: The etiology of autism spectrum (ASD) and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity (ADHD) disorders are multifactorial. Epidemiological studies have shown associations with environmental pollutants, such as plasticizers. This study focused on two of these compounds, the Bisphenol-A (BPA) and Diethylhexyl Phthalate (DEHP). The major pathway for BPA and DEHP excretion is via glucuronidation. Glucuronidation makes insoluble substances more water-soluble allowing for their subsequent elimination in urine.

HYPOTHESIS: Detoxification of these two plasticizers is compromised in children with ASD and ADHD. Consequently, their tissues are more exposed to these two plasticizers.

METHODS: We measured the efficiency of glucuronidation in three groups of children, …

A Cryptic Microdeletion Del(12)(P11.21p11.23) Within An Unbalanced Translocation T(7;12)(Q21.13;Q23.1) Implicates New Candidate Loci For Intellectual Disability And Kallmann Syndrome, Afif Ben-Mahmoud, Shotaro Kishikawa, Vijay Gupta, Natalia T. Leach, Yiping Shen, Oana Moldovan, Himanshu Goel, Bruce Hopper, Kara Ranguin, Nicolas Gruchy, Saskia M. Maas, Yves Lacassie, Soo Hyun Kim, Woo Yang Kim, Bradley J. Quade, Cynthia C. Morton, Cheol Hee Kim, Lawrence C. Layman, Hyung Goo Kim

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

In a patient diagnosed with both Kallmann syndrome (KS) and intellectual disability (ID), who carried an apparently balanced translocation t(7;12)(q22;q24)dn, array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) disclosed a cryptic heterozygous 4.7 Mb deletion del(12)(p11.21p11.23), unrelated to the translocation breakpoint. This novel discovery prompted us to consider the possibility that the combination of KS and neurological disorder in this patient could be attributed to gene(s) within this specific deletion at 12p11.21-12p11.23, rather than disrupted or dysregulated genes at the translocation breakpoints. To further support this hypothesis, we expanded our study by screening five candidate genes at both breakpoints of the chromosomal translocation …

Prevention Of Intradialytic Hypotension In Hemodialysis Patients: Current Challenges And Future Prospects, Seyed Mehrdad Hamrahian, Salem Vilayet, Johann Herberth, Tibor Fülöp

Division of Nephrology Faculty Papers

Intradialytic hypotension, defined as rapid decrease in systolic blood pressure of greater than or equal to 20 mmHg or in mean arterial pressure of greater than or equal to 10 mmHg that results in end-organ ischemia and requires countermeasures such as ultrafiltration reduction or saline infusion to increase blood pressure to improve patient’s symptoms, is a known complication of hemodialysis and is associated with several potential adverse outcomes. Its pathogenesis is complex and involves both patient-related factors such as age and comorbidities, as well as factors related to the dialysis prescription itself. Key factors include the need for volume removal …

Effect Of Biological Variation In Hba1c And Blood Glucose On The Diagnosis Of Prediabetes, James M. Hempe, Shengping Yang, Daniel S. Hsia

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Introduction: People with a low or high haemoglobin glycation index (HGI) have lower or higher HbA1c than other people with the same FPG. This study compared the prevalence of prediabetes based on FPG, 2hOGTT and HbA1c in people with low, moderate or high HGI. Methods: Prediabetes was diagnosed based on ADA cutpoints in 10,488 NHANES participants without self-reported diabetes. HGI was calculated as the difference between a participant's observed HbA1c and a predicted HbA1c where predicted HbA1c = 0.024 FPG + 3.1. Participants were divided into low (HGI < −0.15%), moderate (HGI −0.15% to +0.15%) and high (HGI > +0.15%) HGI subgroups. Results: The prevalence of prediabetes was 42.4% based on …

Opportunistic Detection Of Type 2 Diabetes Using Deep Learning From Frontal Chest Radiographs, Ayis Pyrros, Stephen M. Borstelmann, Ramana Mantravadi, Zachary Zaiman, Kaesha Thomas, Brandon Price, Eugene Greenstein, Nasir Siddiqui, Melinda Willis, Ihar Shulhan, John Hines-Shah, Jeanne M. Horowitz, Paul Nikolaidis, Matthew P. Lungren, Jorge Mario Rodríguez-Fernández, Judy Wawira Gichoya, Sanmi Koyejo, Adam E. Flanders, Nishith Khandwala, Amit Gupta, John W. Garrett, Joseph Paul Cohen, Brian T. Layden, Perry J. Pickhardt, William Galanter

Department of Radiology Faculty Papers

Deep learning (DL) models can harness electronic health records (EHRs) to predict diseases and extract radiologic findings for diagnosis. With ambulatory chest radiographs (CXRs) frequently ordered, we investigated detecting type 2 diabetes (T2D) by combining radiographic and EHR data using a DL model. Our model, developed from 271,065 CXRs and 160,244 patients, was tested on a prospective dataset of 9,943 CXRs. Here we show the model effectively detected T2D with a ROC AUC of 0.84 and a 16% prevalence. The algorithm flagged 1,381 cases (14%) as suspicious for T2D. External validation at a distinct institution yielded a ROC AUC of …

Implementation Of An Evidence-Based Diabetic Screening Tool In Rural Belizean Communities, Morgan Lee Taylor, Annelyse Caffrey

Graduate Publications and Other Selected Works - Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP)

Significance/Background: Type II Diabetes Mellitus (TIIDM) is a growing epidemic in Belize. The prevalence is increasing yearly, responsible for considerable health complications and deaths. Rates are much higher in Belize than in any other developing Central American country, and many rural citizens are undiagnosed and untreated. Access to healthcare is complex, and travel is often required in rural areas. Primary care visits in Belize are significantly less than in surrounding North and Central American countries. As a result, chronic illnesses such as TIIDM often go undiagnosed among children, adolescents, and adults- leaving TIIDM a leading cause of death in Belize. …

Arsenic Metabolism, Diabetes Prevalence, And Insulin Resistance Among Mexican Americans: A Mendelian Randomization Approach, Margaret C Weiss, Yu-Hsuan Shih, Molly Scannell Bryan, Brian P Jackson, David Aguilar, Eric L Brown, Goo Jun, Craig L Hanis, Maria Argos, Robert M Sargis

Journal Articles

BACKGROUND: Differences in arsenic metabolism capacity may influence risk for type 2 diabetes, but the mechanistic drivers are unclear. We evaluated the associations between arsenic metabolism with overall diabetes prevalence and with static and dynamic measures of insulin resistance among Mexican Americans living in Starr County, Texas.

METHODS: We utilized data from cross-sectional studies conducted in Starr County, Texas, from 2010-2014. A Mendelian randomization approach was utilized to evaluate the associations between arsenic metabolism and type 2 diabetes prevalence using the intronic variant in the arsenic methylating gene, rs9527, as the instrumental variable for arsenic metabolism. to further assess mechanisms …

Genome-Wide Association Analysis Identifies Ancestry-Specific Genetic Variation Associated With Acute Response To Metformin And Glipizide In Sugar-Mgh, Josephine H Li, Laura N Brenner, Varinderpal Kaur, Katherine Figueroa, Philip Schroeder, Alicia Huerta-Chagoya, Miriam S Udler, Aaron Leong, Josep M Mercader, Jose C Florez

Journal Articles

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Characterisation of genetic variation that influences the response to glucose-lowering medications is instrumental to precision medicine for treatment of type 2 diabetes. The Study to Understand the Genetics of the Acute Response to Metformin and Glipizide in Humans (SUGAR-MGH) examined the acute response to metformin and glipizide in order to identify new pharmacogenetic associations for the response to common glucose-lowering medications in individuals at risk of type 2 diabetes.

METHODS: One thousand participants at risk for type 2 diabetes from diverse ancestries underwent sequential glipizide and metformin challenges. A genome-wide association study was performed using the Illumina Multi-Ethnic Genotyping …

Ndufs4 Regulates Cristae Remodeling In Diabetic Kidney Disease, Koki Mise, Jianyin Long, Daniel L Galvan, Zengchun Ye, Guizhen Fan, Irina I Serysheva, Travis I Moore, Jun Wada, Paul T Schumacker, Benny H Chang, Farhad R Danesh

Journal Articles

The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is a highly adaptive process to meet metabolic demands of the cell, and its dysregulation has been associated with diverse clinical pathologies. However, the role and nature of impaired ETC in kidney diseases remains poorly understood. Here, we generated diabetic mice with podocyte-specific overexpression of Ndufs4, an accessory subunit of mitochondrial complex I, as a model to investigate the role of ETC integrity in diabetic kidney disease (DKD). We find that these conditional mice exhibit significant improvements in cristae morphology, mitochondrial dynamics, and albuminuria. By coupling proximity labeling with super-resolution imaging, we also identify …

Transmembrane Stem Factor Nanodiscs Enhanced Revascularization In A Hind Limb Ischemia Model In Diabetic, Hyperlipidemic Rabbits, Eri Takematsu, Miles Massidda, Gretchen Howe, Julia Goldman, Patricia Felli, Lei Mei, Gregory Callahan, Andrew Sligar, Richard Smalling, Aaron Baker

Journal Articles

Therapies to revascularize ischemic tissue have long been a goal for the treatment of vascular disease and other disorders. Therapies using stem cell factor (SCF), also known as a c-Kit ligand, had great promise for treating ischemia for myocardial infarct and stroke, however clinical development for SCF was stopped due to toxic side effects including mast cell activation in patients. We recently developed a novel therapy using a transmembrane form of SCF (tmSCF) delivered in lipid nanodiscs. In previous studies, we demonstrated tmSCF nanodiscs were able to induce revascularization of ischemia limbs in mice and did not activate mast cells. …

Comparison Of Medical Management Versus Parathyroidectomy In Patients With Mild Primary Hyperparathyroidism: A Meta-Analysis., Katherine A. Cironi, Peter P. Issa, Aaron L. Albuck, Christina Mccarthy, Leely Rezvani, Mohammad Hussein, Xinyi Luo, Mohamed Shama, Eman Toraih, Emad Kandil

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Background: Parathyroidectomy is the definitive cure for patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) and has an annual prevalence of 0.2–1% in the United States. Some patients with mild disease are medically managed effectively using calcium-lowering medications and drugs against complications such as osteoporosis; however, many maintain a persistently high calcium level that negatively impacts their skeletal, renal, and psychogenic systems over the long term. This meta-analysis aims to compare the outcomes of medical management versus parathyroidectomy in patients with mild pHPT. Study Design: This meta-analysis was performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines …

Analysis Of Trustworthiness And Readability Of English And Spanish Hypo- And Hyperthyroid-Related Online Patient Education Information, Chitra Parikh, Adam M. Ostrovsky

Student Papers, Posters & Projects

This study aims to determine the readability and trustworthiness of English and Spanish hypo- and hyperthyroid-related online information. Google searches were conducted for four search terms: hypothyroidism, Hashimoto's Disease, hyperthyroidism, and Graves’ Disease. For each search term, the first 10 websites were analyzed with a total of 40 websites analyzed. Readability formulas were used to determine English and Spanish readability. Trustworthiness was determined using HONcode status, JAMA Benchmark Criteria, and NLM Trustworthy Score. Overall readability largely exceeded recommended grade levels. Only 1 website (2.5%) presented information below the eighth-grade reading level based on overall Readability Consensus score, while 31 websites …

Positive Changes In Safety Perception Among Blacks With Hiv And Comorbidities: Assessment Of Social Determinants Of Health During Covid‑19, Marc Fleming, Deidra Lee, Chukwuezugo Oranu, Jon C. Schommer, Jennifer M. Cocohoba, Jennifer Cooper, Crystal K. Hodge, Saharnaz Nedjat, Kathleen Borgmann

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Purpose

This study aimed to examine the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on social determinants of health (SDOH) among Blacks with HIV and a comorbid diagnosis of hypertension or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods

This was a longitudinal survey study. The inclusion criteria were adults ≥ 18 years and the presence of hypertension and/or diabetes, along with a positive HIV diagnosis. This study enrolled patients in the HIV clinics and chain specialty pharmacies in the Dallas-Fort Worth (DFW) area. A survey of ten questions examining SDOH was conducted before, during, and after the lockdown. A proportional odds mixed effects …

Clinical Consensus Guideline On The Management Of Phaeochromocytoma And Paraganglioma In Patients Harbouring Germline Sdhd Pathogenic Variants, David Taïeb, George B Wanna, Maleeha Ahmad, Charlotte Lussey-Lepoutre, Nancy D Perrier, Svenja Nölting, Laurence Amar, Henri J L M Timmers, Zachary G Schwam, Anthony L Estrera, Michael Lim, Erqi Liu Pollom, Lucas Vitzthum, Isabelle Bourdeau, Ruth T Casey, Frédéric Castinetti, Roderick Clifton-Bligh, Eleonora P M Corssmit, Ronald R De Krijger, Jaydira Del Rivero, Graeme Eisenhofer, Hans K Ghayee, Anne-Paule Gimenez-Roqueplo, Ashley Grossman, Alessio Imperiale, Jeroen C Jansen, Abhishek Jha, Michiel N Kerstens, Henricus P M Kunst, James K Liu, Eamonn R Maher, Daniele Marchioni, Leilani B Mercado-Asis, Ozgur Mete, Mitsuhide Naruse, Naris Nilubol, Neeta Pandit-Taskar, Frédéric Sebag, Akiyo Tanabe, Jiri Widimsky, Leah Meuter, Jacques W M Lenders, Karel Pacak

Journal Articles

Patients with germline SDHD pathogenic variants (encoding succinate dehydrogenase subunit D; ie, paraganglioma 1 syndrome) are predominantly affected by head and neck paragangliomas, which, in almost 20% of patients, might coexist with paragangliomas arising from other locations (eg, adrenal medulla, para-aortic, cardiac or thoracic, and pelvic). Given the higher risk of tumour multifocality and bilaterality for phaeochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs) because of SDHD pathogenic variants than for their sporadic and other genotypic counterparts, the management of patients with SDHD PPGLs is clinically complex in terms of imaging, treatment, and management options. Furthermore, locally aggressive disease can be discovered at a …

Impact Of Culturally Tailored Shared Medical Appointments On Diabetes Self-Care Ability And Knowledge In African Americans, Adrienne L. Reddick, Deborah C. Gray

Nursing Faculty Publications

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) continues to disproportionately affect African Americans, significantly impacting morbidity and mortality. Research suggests that addressing barriers that stem from socioeconomic circumstances, systemic inequalities, biological factors, and cultural factors may positively influence biometric indicators of health and diabetes control. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate a diabetes shared medical appointment (SMA) model program that has been culturally tailored to address the unique social determinants of health barriers faced by an inner city African American population in Norfolk, Virginia. Methods: A pilot study using a within-group pretest–posttest design was conducted. Information was collected …

Barriers To Screening For Diabetic Retinopathy: A Scoping Review, Amy Cooper Rn, Bsn, Lajerica Bates Rn, Bsn, Julie Bridges Rn, Bsn, Laura Reed Dnp, Fnp-Bc

Doctor of Nursing Practice Projects

Purpose/Background

More than 34 million people in the United States have diabetes. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major complication of diabetes and a leading cause of vision loss. Risk factors for diabetic retinopathy include Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes, hypertension, smoking, and being African American or Hispanic/Latino. This scoping review seeks to analyze the current research on ways to increase vision screenings, thus reducing cases of diabetic retinopathy in adults.

Methods

Between September 2020 and November 2021, a search was conducted using PubMed, EBSCOhost, Medline, and CINAHL to identify articles using keywords such as diabetic retinopathy and ophthalmology. This …

Covid-19 Related Biliary Injury: A Review Of Recent Literature, Sujani Yadlapati, Simone A. Jarrett, Daniel Baik, Adib Chaaya

COVID-19 Papers, Posters, and Presentations

Since its emergence in 2019, it has become apparent that coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) infection can result in multi systemic involvement. In addition to pulmonary symptoms, hepatobiliary involvement has been widely reported. Extent of hepatic involvement ranges from minor elevation in liver function tests (LFTs) to significant hepatocellular or cholestatic injury. In majority of cases, resolution of hepatic injury or improvement in LFTs is noted as patients recover from COVID-19 infection. However, severe biliary tract injury progressing to liver failure has been reported in patients requiring prolonged intensive care unit stay or mechanical ventilation. Due to the timing of its presentation, …

The Effects Of Obesity And Metabolic Abnormalities On Severe Covid-19-Related Outcomes After Vaccination: A Population-Based Study, Xiude Fan, Junming Han, Enfa Zhao, Jiansong Fang, Dawei Wang, Yiping Cheng, Yingzhou Shi, Zhen Wang, Zhenyu Yao, Peng Lu, Tianbao Liu, Qihang Li, Kyle L Poulsen, Zhongshang Yuan, Yongfeng Song, Jiajun Zhao

Journal Articles

Breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infections of vaccinated individuals are being reported globally, resulting in an increased risk of hospitalization and death among such patients. Therefore, it is crucial to identify the modifiable risk factors that may affect the protective efficacy of vaccine use against the development of severe COVID-19 and thus to initiate early medical interventions. Here, in population-based studies using the UK Biobank database and the 2021 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), we analyzed 20,362 participants aged 50 years or older and 2,588 aged 18 years or older from both databases who tested positive for SARS-COV-2, of whom 33.1% and 67.7% …