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Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Ofatumumab: A Novel Anti‑Cd20 Monoclonal Antibody For Multiple Sclerosis: A Review Of Clinical Considerations, William Barham, Katie Dillman
Ofatumumab: A Novel Anti‑Cd20 Monoclonal Antibody For Multiple Sclerosis: A Review Of Clinical Considerations, William Barham, Katie Dillman
Medicine Research Day
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an antigen-specific, cell-mediated chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS). The disease is characterized by immune infiltration, progressive demyelination, and subsequent axonal loss, leading to a coterie of degenerative neurological symptoms, including, but not limited to, optic neuritis, partial myelitis, sensory disturbances, and internuclear ophthalmoplegia. While the exact inciting cause of the body’s autoreactivity in MS is not fully understood, it is has been linked to genetic, environmental, and infectious factors. Among the FDA-approved medications for the treatment of relapsingremitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), such as interferon-β, glatiramer acetate, natalizumab, mitoxantrone, fingolimod, teriflunomide, and alemtuzumab, …
Caring For The Incarcerated Patient: Provider Perceptions Of Quality Of Care, Haley Beavers Khoury
Caring For The Incarcerated Patient: Provider Perceptions Of Quality Of Care, Haley Beavers Khoury
Medicine Research Day
Louisiana has the highest rate of incarceration in the United States, with a rate of 1,094 people per 100,000. In 2023, roughly 50,000 people were housed in over 100 prisons, jails, detention centers, juvenile facilities throughout the state. There are notable racial disparities in incarceration. Roughly 32% of the state’s overall population and roughly two thirds of its prison population is Black. These disparities can be traced to policy issues. A recent lawsuit against Louisiana Department of Public Safety and Corrections (DPSC), Lewis v. Cain, found the healthcare offered at its flagship facility, Louisiana State Penitentiary (widely known as Angola) …
Adverse Events Associated With The Presence And Treatment Of Chronic Osteomyelitis, Renee Breauz
Adverse Events Associated With The Presence And Treatment Of Chronic Osteomyelitis, Renee Breauz
Medicine Research Day
Background: The presence and treatment of chronic osteomyelitis (COM) are known to cause complications and adverse reactions in some patients. In a previous study, researchers examined acute kidney infections (AKI) as a complication of diabetic foot osteomyelitis (DFO).1 They found that patients diagnosed with AKI as a result of DFO were more likely to experience an increased number of hospitalizations and recurrences of infection relative to patients without this complication. In addition, antibiotic treatment of COM has also been known to cause complications. According to the CDC, 26.2% of adverse drug reactions are caused by antibiotics.2 Given the high frequency …
Sga Neonatal Outcomes In Anemic Gravid Patients: Does Treatment In Pregnancy Improve Neonatal Birthweight?, Mallory Brignac
Sga Neonatal Outcomes In Anemic Gravid Patients: Does Treatment In Pregnancy Improve Neonatal Birthweight?, Mallory Brignac
Medicine Research Day
Objective: Small for gestational age (SGA) neonatal outcomes are associated with increased risks of stillbirth, preterm delivery, neonatal morbidity/mortality, and cognitive delay in childhood. Preventable etiologies of SGA, such as anemia, can be addressed with adequate prenatal care and identifying disparities in social determinants of health. In the first part of our study, we aim (1) to define the prevalence of anemia in all patients delivering at our community hospital (2) to understand the likelihood of SGA outcomes in anemic patients and (3) to determine if treatment of anemia during pregnancy improves the rate of appropriate neonatal birthweight. Methods: A …
The Covid-19 Pandemic And Recorded Cancer Incidence In Louisiana, Jordan Book
The Covid-19 Pandemic And Recorded Cancer Incidence In Louisiana, Jordan Book
Medicine Research Day
The circumstances of the coronavirus pandemic are likely to have affected routine cancer screenings due to disruptions in healthcare and patients’ personal lives. With a decrease in screening, we would expect to see an associated decrease in new cancer diagnoses starting from 2020, indicating that many cases went undiagnosed and may be detected at advanced stages. With cancer being among the leading causes of death in adults and children, it is important to be aware of these trends. In this study, we focus on lung and bronchus, breast, colorectal, prostate, and melanoma skin cancer, which we selected because each type …
Predictors Of Chronic Osteomyelitis Between Comorbid Conditions Versus Social Determinants Of Health, Angella Chang
Predictors Of Chronic Osteomyelitis Between Comorbid Conditions Versus Social Determinants Of Health, Angella Chang
Medicine Research Day
Background: Osteomyelitis often requires surgery and a long course of antibiotics to treat. However, recurrent infection can still occur. Moore et al. found that health comorbidities, such as coronary artery disease (CAD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD), are risk factors for recurrent infection1. Social determinants of health (SDOH) are other risk factors important to consider for poor health outcomes, including recurrence of osteomyelitis. One study found that living in poverty-driven neighborhoods increases mortality from trauma-related injury2. Moreover, recurrent osteomyelitis is a challenging diagnosis as it can lead to adverse events related to prolonged antibiotics3. It is, therefore, imperative to understand …
Kappa Opioid Receptor-Expressing Cells In The Basolateral Amygdala Regulate Social-Stress Escalated Drinking, Katherine Copenhaver
Kappa Opioid Receptor-Expressing Cells In The Basolateral Amygdala Regulate Social-Stress Escalated Drinking, Katherine Copenhaver
Medicine Research Day
Aversive stress experiences can lead to escalated drug consumption and increase the risk of relapse. Individuals who consume alcohol to alleviate the effects of social stress are more likely to develop an alcohol use disorder. Social stress has been most effectively modeled in animals through social defeat paradigms. Repeated social defeat stress (SDS) enhances the rewarding and reinforcing effects of alcohol. However, the neural mechanisms by which SDS increases alcohol consumption are not well understood. Our results show that repeated SDS enhances alcohol consumption and preference in both male and female C57BL/6J mice. The Dynorphin/Kappa opioid receptor (Dyn/KOR) system has …
Impact Of Late Prenatal Care On Anemia Prevalence And Sga Outcomes, Breyanah Graham
Impact Of Late Prenatal Care On Anemia Prevalence And Sga Outcomes, Breyanah Graham
Medicine Research Day
Background: Inadequate prenatal care is associated with an increased risk of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. This correlation is due to the potential delays in identifying and addressing pregnancy complications during routine prenatal visits. Anemia, for instance, is a common laboratory finding that is detected during prenatal screenings. However, without adequate prenatal care, anemia may be undiagnosed and untreated, leading to complications such as small for gestational age (SGA) infants. Therefore, when patients establish prenatal care late in pregnancy, the early detection and management of conditions such as anemia is essential to reduce the risks associated with SGA and ensure …
Medicaid Reimbursement For Total Joint Arthroplasty In The United States: Implications For Patient Access To High-Quality Arthroplasty Care, Lamiah Hall
Medicine Research Day
Introduction: While recent American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons (AAHKS) advocacy efforts have focused on Medicare physician fee schedule cuts for total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA), few studies have evaluated Medicaid reimbursement. Substantial variability among Medicaid payments between states may have implications for equitable access to quality orthopaedic care. The purpose of this study was to evaluate differences in physician reimbursements by state between patients undergoing TKA or THA with Medicaid insurance compared to Medicare insurance. Methods: Individual states were queried for publicly available Medicaid physician fees and the Centers for Medicaid and Medicare Services …
Factors Associated With Post-Operative Opioid Use In Opioid Naïve Patients Undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty, Clifton Daigle
Factors Associated With Post-Operative Opioid Use In Opioid Naïve Patients Undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty, Clifton Daigle
Medicine Research Day
Background: Opioids persist as a concern for post-surgical complications such as ileus, urinary retention, delayed rehabilitation, and opioid dependence. Yet, they are still routinely prescribed following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Evidence suggests that preoperative and in-hospital opioid use are risk factors for postoperative opioid use after TKA or total hip arthroplasty. However, there is still a paucity of information regarding the extent to which intraoperative opioid exposure contributes to postoperative opioid use in opioid naïve TKA patients. Our study aimed to assess the effect of in-hospital opioids, such as intraoperative IV, post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) IV, or PACU oral opioids, …
Failure To Follow-Up, There’S More To The Story, Emily Dubuisson, Emma Domangue
Failure To Follow-Up, There’S More To The Story, Emily Dubuisson, Emma Domangue
Medicine Research Day
Background: Food insecurity is the uncertainty or limitation of access to safe, nutritious food for an active healthy lifestyle with normal growth and development, which can lead to negative health outcomes, poor development, and lower life expectancy. Literature regarding attendance in elective health programs, like the Geaux Get Healthy Clinical Program at Our Lady of the Lake (OLOL), is scarce. Using the available literature on lack of attendance at healthcare appointments can help identify factors and characteristics of patients at higher risk for not completing or enrolling in such programs. This project aims to investigate the reasons behind the lack …
Case Series: Safety And Effectiveness Of 3-Level Lumbar Percutaneous Decompression With An Interspinous Spacer, Eric Finke
Medicine Research Day
Background: Lumbar interspinous process decompression (IPD) to treat lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) was first made available in the 1980s. In 2015, the FDA approved a second-generation IPD spacer. The main difference is that this surgery may be performed by an interventional pain medicine physician under moderate sedation. 5-year data from an industry-sponsored study on IPD have been published showing improvements in quality of life (QOL) and pain scores.1 Indications for Vertiflex IPD include skeletally mature patients who have neurogenic intermittent claudication secondary to moderate stenosis at one or two levels. Function should improve when the patients are in lumbar flexion. …
Orthopaedic Infections: A Primer, Gregory Laborde
Orthopaedic Infections: A Primer, Gregory Laborde
Medicine Research Day
Background: In a 1992 Internal Medicine Grand Rounds presentation that focused on medical education, Dr. Frank Griffin, Jr. made the comment that “understanding is the key to learning” (Griffin, 1992). His contention was that for information to be effectively retrieved, it must first be efficiently stored. Griffin said that the focus is usually on acquiring a “morass of details,” which precludes the commitment of time to consider concepts. Memorizing mounds of facts without having an effective conceptual framework to store them is often an unsuccessful learning style because memory frequently fails without understanding. To accomplish this goal, we offer a …
Investigating An Adaptive Target Biofeedback Paradigm To Reduce Gait Asymmetry In Older Adults Post-Stroke, John Macaulay
Investigating An Adaptive Target Biofeedback Paradigm To Reduce Gait Asymmetry In Older Adults Post-Stroke, John Macaulay
Medicine Research Day
Background: Stroke is one of the most common causes of long-term disability in the United States and can present with debilitating motor impairment. Asymmetric walking patterns due to hemiparesis are energetically costly and impair walking performance. For this reason, gait asymmetry is an important target of clinical gait training and post stroke rehabilitation research. Visual gait biofeedback training is an effective, well-studied way to alter walking patterns in people with chronic stroke. However, there exists large methodological variability between studies with discrepancies in feedback target and feedback structure. The objective of this study was to determine the utility of a …
Brcc36 Contributes To Ace2 Deubiquitination In Salt-Sensitive Hypertensive Female Mice, Hasan Mir
Brcc36 Contributes To Ace2 Deubiquitination In Salt-Sensitive Hypertensive Female Mice, Hasan Mir
Medicine Research Day
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, hypertension directly contributed to 691,095 deaths in 2021, making it one of the leading causes of death in the United States. The brain renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Angiotensin-II (Ang-II) binds to the Ang-II type 1 receptor (AT1R) and mediates the vasoconstrictive and pro-hypertensive effects. On the other hand, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) mitigates the pro-hypertensive effects of Ang-II by cleaving it into Ang-(1-7), a vasodilator. We have previously reported that Ang-II mediates the internalization and degradation of ACE2. In hypertensive males, we identified …
Does Preoperative Antibiotic Timing Prior To Incision And Drainage Procedures For Severe Odontogenic Infections Affect Length Of Stay Or Reoperation, Dylan Mire
Medicine Research Day
Background: An odontogenic infection can be a life-threatening medical condition which requires incision and drainage (I&D) in the operating room. Prior to these procedures, many patients are started on antibiotics; however, the effects of the timing of starting the antibiotics prior to surgery is not known. Methods: The authors conducted a retrospective cohort study consisting of all adult patients treated in the OR with I&D for odontogenic infections from 1/1/2015 to 7/30/2021 at a large, urban academic hospital. The primary predictor variable was preoperative antibiotic timing—the amount of time between when the antibiotic was given before surgery and incision time. …