Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Endothelial Cell-Specific Loss Of Breast Cancer Susceptibility Gene 2 Exacerbates Atherosclerosis, David C.R. Michels

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Despite mounting concern over the increased risk of cardiovascular disease in breast cancer patients, studies evaluating the common genetic/molecular link between these diseases are limited. Mutations in the breast cancer susceptibility genes (BRCA1&2) predispose carriers to breast and ovarian cancers due to compromised DNA damage repair capacity leading to DNA damage accumulation; in cancer cells, and in other cell-types including endothelial cells, causing atherosclerotic hallmarks of endothelial dysfunction/apoptosis. We present a new understanding of BRCA2’s protective functionality in the setting of atherosclerosis. Studies have thus far demonstrated that while loss of endothelial BRCA2 in mice does not affect a molecular …

Patient And Clinician Characteristics That Predict Breast Cancer Screening Behavior In 40–49-Year-Old Women, Sarina Schrager, Claudia Evaristo, Terry Little, Lori Dubenske, Elizabeth S. Burnside

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

Guidelines recommend that clinicians practice shared decision-making (SDM) with women in their 40s to discuss breast cancer screening. Traditionally, SDM includes discussion of values and preferences to help determine a decision that is congruent with what the patient desires. We analyzed 54 women’s breast cancer screening decisions after a SDM conversation with their clinician. We looked at both patient and clinician characteristics that predicted whether or not a woman would get a screening mammogram. Women with a family history of breast cancer or who had a previous abnormal mammogram had higher rates of screening. Screening rates also varied widely between …

Improving Cancer Screening Rates In Primary Care Via Practice Facilitation And Academic Detailing: A Multi-Pbrn Quality Improvement Project, Christopher P. Morley, Laura A. Schad, Laurene M. Tumiel-Berhalter, Laura A. Brady, Alexandrea Bentham, Karen Vitale, Amanda Norton, Gary Noronha, Carlos Swanger

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

Purpose: In the United States, cancer screening rates are often below national targets. This project implemented practice facilitation and academic detailing aimed at increasing breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening rates in safety-net primary care practices.

Methods: Three practice-based research networks across western and central New York State partnered to provide quality improvement strategies on breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening. Pre/postintervention screening rates for all participating practices were collected annually, as were means across all practices over 7 years. Simple ordinary least squares linear regression was used to calculate the trend for each cancer type and test for statistical …

The Molecular Mechanisms Linking Metabolic Syndrome To Endometrial And Breast Cancers, Andrada-Luciana Lazar, Romana Vulturar, Adriana Fodor, Olga Hilda Orasan, Camil-Horia Eusebiu Crișan, Cezar Login, Ioana Para, Vasile Negrean, Brandusa Tiperciuc, Angela Cozma

Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences

The metabolic syndrome represents a plethora of cardio-metabolic risk factors including obesity, arterial hypertension, atherogenic dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, accompanied by pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic state. The metabolic syndrome is one of the key risk factors for certain types of cancer. Among these malignancies, breast cancer and endometrial neoplasms require special attention. Incriminated major causes for the development of breast and endometrial cancer in metabolic syndrome patients are: the pro-inflammatory status and related cytokines, adipokine imbalances, hyperestrogenism, growth factors, disturbances in cancer microenvironment, insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia. The metabolic syndrome consists of molecular dysregulations that create a pro-oncogenic status. Our review aims at …

Phyllodes Tumor Containing Invasive Ductal Carcinoma: A Rare Case Description & Review Of Literature, Kathryn Eckert, John Ground, Alyssa Imperatore, Victoria Tiedemann, Linda Szczurek

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

Phyllodes tumors are uncommon, often benign, malignancies of the breast and account for approximately 0.5% of all breast malignancies. These tumors were first described in 1838 by Johannes Muller as cystosarcoma phyllodes and were later more aptly renamed phyllodes tumors (as they were neither cystic nor sarcomatous).(1) As a mixed connective tissue and epithelial tumor, these behave similar to benign fibroadenomas, though their growth is much more rapid and they tend to occur in older patients.(2) Hallmarked by their large size at presentation, these tumors average between 4 and 7 cm at the time of diagnosis. The only known risk …

Genetic And Functional Analysis Of Rat Mammary Cancer Susceptibility., Emily L Duderstadt

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Breast cancer genetic susceptibility is modulated by high to low penetrance risk alleles. Population frequencies of high and moderate penetrant predisposing mutations are rare and responsible for a small percentage of population cases. Most genetic variation in breast cancer susceptibility is low penetrance common variants where causal genes and risk-associated mechanisms are largely unknown. Comparative genetics uses animal models to isolate and mechanistically evaluate genetic susceptibility to human disease. Rat strains have different susceptibility phenotypes to chemical-induced carcinogenesis. Selective breeding and genetic linkage analysis using a 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) rat mammary carcinogenesis model have identified Mammary carcinoma susceptibilityquantitative trait loci …

Metaplastic Breast Carcinoma: Clinicopathological Parameters And Prognostic Profile, Saroona Haroon, Shamail Zia, Umme Aiman Shirazi, Omer Ahmed, Ishaq Azeem Asghar, Asad Diwan, Anoshia Afzal, Muhammad Irfan, Syed Jawwad Ali, Atif A. Hashmi

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Introduction: Metaplastic breast carcinoma (MBC) is defined as breast cancer with a heterologous non-glandular component. MBC is considered a special type of breast cancer with a prognosis that is worse than invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) of the breast. MBC is the most common breast cancer with a triple-negative profile. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the clinicopathological parameters, recurrence and survival of MBC in our population.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study in the Department of Histopathology at Prince Faisal Oncology Centre, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia, over a period of five years. All cases diagnosed as MBC were included in …

Risk Factors Of Breast Cancer Among Patients In A Tertiary Care Hospitals In Afghanistan: A Case Control Study, Zekrullah Baset, Jamshid Abdul Ghafar, Yasmin Parpio, Ahmed Maseh Haidary

School of Nursing & Midwifery

Background: Breast cancer is the second most common causes of women's death, worldwide. Data on risk factors associated with female breast cancer in the Afghan population is very limited. The aim of our study was to identifying risk factor associated with female breast cancer in Afghanistan.
Methods: A retrospective case-control study was conducted with inclusion of 201 cases and 201 controls. Patient information was collected by interviewing the patient through a structured questionnaire. Histopathological information was collected from the hospital integrated laboratory management system. The data was analyzed by using logistic regression with univariate and multivariable analyses to determine the …

Co-Phosphorylation Networks Reveal Subtype-Specific Signaling Modules In Breast Cancer, Marzieh Ayati, Mark R. Chance, Mehmet Koyuturk

Computer Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Motivation Protein phosphorylation is a ubiquitous mechanism of post-ranslational modification that plays a central role in cellular signaling. Phosphorylation is particularly important in the context of cancer, as down-regulation of tumor suppressors and up-regulation of oncogenes by the dysregulation of associated kinase and phosphatase networks are shown to have key roles in tumor growth and progression. Despite recent advances that enable large-scale monitoring of protein phosphorylation, these data are not fully incorporated into such computational tasks as phenotyping and subtyping of cancers.

Results We develop a network-based algorithm, CoPPNet, to enable unsupervised subtyping of cancers using phosphorylation data. For this …

A Multidisciplinary Approach To Triage Patients With Breast Disease During The Covid-19 Pandemic: Experience From A Tertiary Care Center In The Developing World, Abida K. Sattar, Hania Shahzad, Adnan Abdul Jabbar, Azmina Tajdin Valimohammad, Sadaf Khan, Yasmin Vellani, Romana Idrees, Nasir Ali, Imrana Masroor, Humera Saeed, Gulzar S. Lakhani, Nadia Ayoub, Atif Waqar, Muhammad Zia-Ul Islam, Salman Kirmani, Asad Latif, Ather Enam

Section of General Surgery

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has created a need to prioritize care because of limitation of resources. Owing to the heterogeneity and high prevalence of breast cancers, the need to prioritize care in this vulnerable population is essential. While various medical societies have published recommendations to manage breast disease during the COVID-19 pandemic, most are focused on the Western world and do not necessarily address the challenges of a resource-limited setting.
Aim: In this article, we describe our institutional approach for prioritizing care for patients presenting with breast disease.
Methods and results: The breast disease management guidelines were developed and approved …

Invasive Mammary Carcinoma In Young Women, Jessica Ravert

Medical Imaging Senior Posters

Invasive Mammary Carcinoma in Young Women

Jessica Ravert

Gina Capitano Ed.D.,R.T. (R)

Abstract

This research is a case study of a 34-year-old patient that presented with a right breast lump measuring 1.9cm found to have invasive mammary carcinoma. Diagnostic mammogram and ultrasound were followed by ultrasound guided breast biopsy to make the diagnosis.

Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in women between the ages of 15-39 inthe United States. Annual mammograms are recommended to begin at age 40, therefore younger women often do not have mammograms or breast ultrasounds unless they have symptoms. As a result, younger …

Stat5a Regulation By Serine Phosphorylation In Breast Cancer, Alicia E. Woock

Theses and Dissertations

The neuroendocrine hormone prolactin (PRL) and its cognate receptor (PRLr) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. PRL signaling relies on activating kinases such as the tyrosine kinase Jak2 and serine/threonine kinases ERK1/2, NEK3, PI3K, and AKT. In the canonical pathway of PRL signaling, JAK2 phosphorylates the transcription factor STAT5a at tyrosine residue 694 (pY694-STAT5a), preceding STAT5a nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity. However, STAT5a exists with functional duality as a transcription factor, having both pro-differentiative and pro-proliferative target genes. Other STAT family members (STATs 1, 3, and 6) have been shown to have transcriptional activity in the un-tyrosine-phosphorylated …

Comparison Of Circulating Tumour Dna And Extracellular Vesicle Dna By Low-Pass Whole-Genome Sequencing Reveals Molecular Drivers Of Disease In A Breast Cancer Patient, Olivia Ruhen, Bob Mirzai, Michael E. Clark, Bella Nguyen, Carlos Salomon, Wendy Erber, Katie Meehan

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. There is increasing recognition of circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) as a non-invasive alternative to tumour tissue for the molecular characterisation and monitoring of disease. Recent evidence suggests that cancer-associated changes can also be detected in the DNA contained within extracellular vesicles (EVs). As yet, there has been limited investigation into the relationship between EV DNA and ctDNA, and no studies have examined the EV DNA of breast cancer patients. The aim of this study was to use low-pass whole-genome sequencing to identify copy number variants (CNVs) in serial samples of both …

Bypassing The Blood-Brain Barrier: A Physical And Pharmacological Approach For The Treatment Of Metastatic Brain Tumors, Samuel A. Sprowls

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports

This dissertation (a) provided an in depth literature review of methods to disrupt the BBB/BTB and improve therapeutic distribution to brain tumors, (b) evaluated the use of azacitidine as a single agent therapy for the treatment of brain metastasis of breast cancer and a potential molecular mechanism by which brain tropic cells are sensitized to hypomethylating agents, (c) determined the impact cannabidiol has on P-glycoprotein mediated efflux at the blood-brain barrier and its potential for use as a single agent treatment for metastatic brain tumors, (d) developed a preclinical radiation therapy protocol for use in small animals and in vitro …