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Articles 1 - 12 of 12
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Tetraspanin Cd9: Contributions To Cancer Cell And Vascular Cell Phenotypes From The Sixth Man, Michael James Herr Ii
Tetraspanin Cd9: Contributions To Cancer Cell And Vascular Cell Phenotypes From The Sixth Man, Michael James Herr Ii
Theses and Dissertations (ETD)
Cancer and vascular disease are the two most predominant causes of mortality in the United States. Potential regulatory mechanisms for these two diseases have consumed research interests. Tetraspanins are cell surface proteins that organize the cell membrane. Cellular membrane organization is a prerequisite for cellular signaling to occur. Deregulation of cellular signaling often precedes the formation of cancer or vascular disease phenotypes. This insinuates the necessity to understand how tetraspanins contribute to membrane organization and subsequent downstream signaling. This work examines tetraspanin CD9 contributions in a model of cancer cell invasion and vascular cell contraction. The findings presented here demonstrate …
Development And Characterization Of A Recombinant Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (Rvsv) For The Treatment Of Glioblastoma, Erika A. Dillard
Development And Characterization Of A Recombinant Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (Rvsv) For The Treatment Of Glioblastoma, Erika A. Dillard
Theses and Dissertations (ETD)
Background: Over the past 30 years, little has changed in the treatment modalities and prognosis of patients suffering from Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most common and by far the most devastating adult primary malignant brain tumor. Conventional therapies provide only a marginal increase in survival of GBM patients, post-diagnosis. Therefore, more novel means of treating GBM are needed to increase long-term survival and quality of life for those affected. Replication competent oncolytic viruses (OVs) have recently emerged as a possible option for treatment of high-grade gliomas. Particularly, recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rVSV), an enveloped, negative strand RNA virus, has shown …
A Novel Mechanism Of Enhanced Susceptibility To Bacterial Pneumonia In Influenza-Infected Hosts, Hazem Elsayed Ghoneim
A Novel Mechanism Of Enhanced Susceptibility To Bacterial Pneumonia In Influenza-Infected Hosts, Hazem Elsayed Ghoneim
Theses and Dissertations (ETD)
Viruses such as influenza suppress host immune function by a variety of methods. This may result in a significant morbidity through several pathways, including facilitation of secondary bacterial pneumonia from pathogens such as Streptococcus pneumoniae. Lungresident alveolar macrophages (AMs) act as the first line of innate cellular immunity against respiratory bacterial pathogens, including pneumococcus. Therefore, they represent an attractive target for study Before investigating the impact of influenza infection on resident AMs, we first characterized different subsets of lung-resident macrophages in naïve mice using a novel in vivo labeling approach in conjunction with multicolor flow cytometric analysis and confocal microscopic …
Erg11-Mediated Azole Resistance In Candida Albicans, Stephanie Ann Flowers
Erg11-Mediated Azole Resistance In Candida Albicans, Stephanie Ann Flowers
Theses and Dissertations (ETD)
Although many medically important Candida species are commensal to the gut or colonizers of the skin, these organisms have the propensity to cause disease in the event of a waning immune system. Clinical manifestations of infections with Candida species can range from superficial mucosal infections to deep organ involvement usually resulting from haematogenous spread of infection. Despite significant progress made in the management of patients with fungal infections, the emergence of antifungal resistant clinical isolates creates significant problem in regards to antifungal prophylaxis and empirical treatment strategies. Antifungal resistance is associated with high mortality rates and hefty medical costs. The …
Attenuation Of Parenteral Nutritionassociated Liver Disease By Omega-3 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, Emma Monique Tillman
Attenuation Of Parenteral Nutritionassociated Liver Disease By Omega-3 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, Emma Monique Tillman
Theses and Dissertations (ETD)
No abstract provided.
Signal Transduction And Transcriptional Regulation Pathways Essential For Azole Resistance In Candida Albicans, Erin M. Vasicek
Signal Transduction And Transcriptional Regulation Pathways Essential For Azole Resistance In Candida Albicans, Erin M. Vasicek
Theses and Dissertations (ETD)
Candida albicans is the most prevalent human fungal pathogen, found as a commensal organism in the mucosa, gastrointestinal, and urogenital tracts of humans. This pathogenic fungus causes a wide spectrum of diseases, including the mucosal infection oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) which frequently effects patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The azole antifungals (such as fluconazole) are the most widely used and important ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitors (EBIs) for the treatment of Candida infections, including OPC. However, the azoles are fungistatic against C. albicans and therefore have limited efficacy against this organism, especially for immunocompromised patients. In C. albicans, the transcription factor Upc2 …
Identification Of Novel Hif1a Target Genes That Regulate Tumor Progression And Metastasis, Danielle L. Peacock
Identification Of Novel Hif1a Target Genes That Regulate Tumor Progression And Metastasis, Danielle L. Peacock
Theses and Dissertations (ETD)
Hypoxia is a hallmark of most solid tumors. In response to hypoxic stress tumor cells adapt by regulating survival, metabolism and angiogenesis. The heterodimeric HypoxiaInducible Factor (HIF) transcription factors are the master regulators of this response. HIFs play key roles in many critical aspects of cancer biology including angiogenesis, stem cell maintenance, metabolic reprogramming, invasion, metastasis and resistance to radiation therapy and chemotherapy. Overexpression of HIF-1α and HIF-2α has been documented in multiple human cancers and HIF-1 protein is over-expressed in ~30% of primary breast tumors and ~70% of metastases, which independently correlates with poor prognosis and decreased survival in …
Nkg2d Ligands In Cancer, Neha Das Gupta
Nkg2d Ligands In Cancer, Neha Das Gupta
Theses and Dissertations (ETD)
NK cell transplantation has been increasingly used to treat cancers that are resistant to chemotherapy. However, not all cancers are susceptible to NK cell killing. The prevalence and mechanisms of NK cell resistance have not been well elucidated. Because NKG2D is a major activating receptor on NK cells, we sought to test the hypothesis that NKG2D is the primary pathway in tumor cell recognition. Herein, we comprehensively assessed 20 cancer cell lines representing a broad array of cancer types. In line with our primary hypothesis, no cancer cell lines that expressed low levels of NKG2D ligands were susceptible to NK …
Toll-Like Receptors 2 And 9 Are Important For Innate Immune Cell Activation And Recruitment In Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis, Kelly J. Andrews
Toll-Like Receptors 2 And 9 Are Important For Innate Immune Cell Activation And Recruitment In Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis, Kelly J. Andrews
Theses and Dissertations (ETD)
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is an interstitial lung disease caused by repeated inhalation of environmental antigens. The disease is characterized by alveolitis and granuloma formation; however, some patients develop chronic HP (CHP), a restrictive lung disease characterized by fibrosis. Previous studies revealed that neutrophils are recruited into the lung via a MyD88- dependent pathway and regulate disease severity through cytokine production. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 2 and 9 recognize conserved molecular patterns present in bacteria, and signal through the adaptor molecule MyD88. The goal of my project is to investigate the role of TLRs 2 and 9 in the pathogenesis of HP …
Macromolecular Complexes Of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Alter Fluid Transport In Inflammatory Bowel Disorders, Kavisha Arora
Macromolecular Complexes Of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Alter Fluid Transport In Inflammatory Bowel Disorders, Kavisha Arora
Theses and Dissertations (ETD)
Macromolecular complexes of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) comprise of network of proteins that can regulate cAMP-/cGMP-activated CFTR chloride channel function. We report the physical and functional coupling of CFTR with nitric oxide (NO) producing enzyme-inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) at the apical plasma membrane in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The complex formation requires the scaffolding protein Na+ /H+ exchanger regulatory factor 2 (NHERF2). We demonstrate that iNOS is overexpressed at or near the apical plasma membrane of gut epithelial cells in IBD and, through the stimulation of the NO-cGMP pathway, generates compartmentalized cGMP underneath the plasma membrane. This …
The Protumorigenic Role Of Caspase-8 In Neuroblastoma, Devin Drew Twitchell
The Protumorigenic Role Of Caspase-8 In Neuroblastoma, Devin Drew Twitchell
Theses and Dissertations (ETD)
Neuroblastoma (NB), the most common extracranial solid tumor in children, accounts for 15% of cancer-related deaths in pediatric patients. Caspase-8 (casp8), a proapoptotic protein, is silenced in approximately, 50-70% of neuroblastoma patient samples. Loss of casp8 has been suggested to increase NB metastasis and correlated, in some studies, with advanced-stage NB. Furthermore, decreased casp8 expression may facilitate neuroblastoma tumorigenesis by protecting cells from cell death mediated by either integrins or chemotherapeutics. Paradoxically, casp8 expression is maintained in 30-50% of NB patient samples giving rise to the possibility that casp8 may provide selective advantages for NB tumorigenesis. Caspase-8 is shown to …
Functional Study Of Hemogen Knockout Mouse Model, Peng Gao
Functional Study Of Hemogen Knockout Mouse Model, Peng Gao
Theses and Dissertations (ETD)
Mouse Hemogen (Hemgn) is regarded as a homologue of human Erythroid Differentiation Associated Gene (EDAG). EDAG overexpression has been postulated for association with some leukemia cases. Meanwhile, Hemgn has been found to contribute to Hoxb4 mediated hematopoietic stem cell expansion. Based on these postulations and evidences, a Hemgn knockout mouse model has been generated to study its function in normal and stress hematopoiesis. I confirmed the Hemgn expression in hematopoietic organs including bone marrow and spleen, as well as round spematids in testis. Hemgn is expressed in mouse hematopoietic stem cells and erythroid progenitor cells. Moreover, Hemgn was also found …