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Combating Hiv-1 By Targeting Drug Efflux Transporters On The Macrophage Reservoir, Ying Mu

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

Introduction. HIV-1 eradication has not been achieved so far due to the existence of the cellular reservoir in which the virus can reside and replicate even under antiretroviral drug therapy (ART). Infected macrophages, which represent a long-term viral reservoir have been shown to lead to viral rebound independently. In response to the environmental stimuli, macrophages can be polarized into different phenotypes: the pro-inflammatory M1 and the anti-inflammatory M2. Tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking, which are prevalent among people who are living with HIV-1, have been shown to promote HIV-1 progression and decrease the efficacy of antiretroviral drugs. A commonly …