Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Effect Of Three Different Contamination Removal Methods On Bond Strength Of Ceramic To Enamel Contaminated With Aluminum Chloride And Ferric Sulfate, Cesar Gonzalez

Student Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Background: The need to control moisture and contamination is crucial in adhesive dentistry, especially when rubber dam isolation is not feasible. Hemostatic contamination can negatively affect adhesion to tooth substrate. To achieve better outcomes, hemostatic agents should be rinsed off properly using a method that will remove the contamination and will not affect the μ-SBS. Objective: To evaluate and compare the effect of three different aluminum chloride and ferric sulfate contamination removal methods on the μ-SBS of lithium disilicate glass-ceramic bonded to enamel and to compare the type of fracture between samples. Material and Methods: Lithium disilicate blocks (IPS e.max …

Effect Of Air-Abrasion Preparation On Shear Bond Strength Of Orthodontic Brackets To Enamel Surface, Elliott Katz

Student Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Introduction: An optimal orthodontic bonding system must minimize damage to the enamel during conditioning, have enough bond strength to prevent bracket de-bonding during treatment, and allow bracket removal at treatment completion, such that minimal damage is inflicted to the tooth.1 Pumice followed by acid etching has been the standard for many years; however, Groman Inc. (Margate, FL, USA) has stated that using their air-abrasion product will result in a tripling of bond strength. This method claims a three-fold increase in bond strength compared to traditional acid etching techniques by substituting air-abrasion using the EtchMaster® (Groman Inc., Margate, FL) 50 μm …

Anatomical Study Of The Greater Palatine Artery: Clinical Implications For Palatal Graft Procedures, Nina Marie Karin Cunningham

Student Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Introduction: The palate is a well-established donor site for obtaining graft tissue in periodontal plastic surgery procedures. However, proximity to the adjacent teeth on the lateral aspect and the greater palatine neurovascular bundle (GPB) on the medial aspect limit the amount of graft tissue that can be obtained from the palate. Previous studies have been concerned with the location of the greater palatine foramen as well as the greater palatine artery (GPA) and have established guidelines on how to estimate the distance between the teeth and the GPB. Traditionally, clinicians follow these guidelines and choose to avoid removing graft tissue …

A Comparative Evaluation Of Endodontic Irrigation Methods For Removal Of The Smear Layer, Ramzi Walid Alhashimi

Student Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

The purpose of this in vitro study is to compare the effect of various irrigation systems on smear layer removal in curved root canals. Root canal irrigation plays an important role in the debridement and disinfection of the root canal system. It has been well documented that the flushing component of the irrigants is as important as the tissue dissolving capability. Therefore, the efficacy of the irrigant might also be influenced by the method by which it is introduced. Fifty-one recently extracted molar teeth with root curvatures of more than 30° were selected according to Schneider's method. The teeth were …

Evaluation Of Frictional Forces Between Brackets Of Different Types At Various Angulations And An Arch Wire: With And Without Pulsating Vibration, Benjamin M. Christman

Student Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the effect of pulsating vibration on the sliding resistance between orthodontic brackets and stainless steel wires. Brackets were placed at two different angulations (0° and 5°) to simulate leveling of a tipped tooth during tooth movement. Pulsating vibration was delivered via the AcceleDent device.

Background: Friction is defined as a force that retards or resists the relative motion of two objects in contact, and its direction is tangential to the common boundary of the two surfaces in contact. This has been of interest to the orthodontist since the mid-20th century. Since …

Assessing Orthodontic-Bracket Impacts On Lip Profile At Bonding And Debonding Stages, Martin Trockel

Student Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Introduction: One factor that contributes greatly to the lower face appearance and orthodontists have the ability to affect is lip profile. Clinical assessment of the lip profile is an important element in the decision of orthodontic treatment planning and in the evaluation of treatment progress and outcome. Three known factors influence the lip profile; the lip thickness, the underlying bone, and the tooth position. The positions and inclinations of the anterior teeth can affect the lip position, but it is unclear whether orthodontic brackets bonded to the labial surface of anterior teeth move the lip position and thereafter change the …

Effects Of Sodium Hypochlorite On Enamel Composition, Sonni Pellillo

Student Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of sodium hypochlorite on the organic and inorganic composition of enamel. Background: With the advent of enamel bonding for orthodontic appliances in the late 1970s, it has been shown that traditional phosphoric acid etching affects the inorganic portion of the enamel.1, 2 In an attempt to enhance the acid etching pattern and, furthermore, the bond strength, additional pretreatment techniques that target the organic components of the enamel biofilm have been proposed. One such method is the non-invasive enamel pretreatment with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) prior to phosphoric acid etching.3, 4 …

Color Of Porcelain Veneer After Final Cementation In Comparison To Try-In Paste And Permanent Cement: An In Vitro Study, Abdulelah Aldahlawi

Student Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Objectives: To evaluate and compare the color of porcelain veneers with try-in paste in relation to porcelain veneers with permanent cement. Also, to evaluate and compare combinations of three different shades and thicknesses of porcelain veneers and three cement shades before and after final cementation. Additionally, to evaluate and compare the color of porcelain veneers with cured permanent cement before and after aging. Background: Porcelain veneers and ceramic restorations have become one of the most popular approaches in the anterior area due to their natural appearance and esthetics. However, more conservative approaches have led to thinner restorations with increased translucency. …

Ex Vivo Effects Of An Orthodontic-Specific Bleaching System On Tooth Color And Existing Bracket Bonding, Kirk James Bean

Student Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Objective: The purpose of this ex vivo study was to assess the changes in tooth color and existing orthodontic bracket bonding when exposed to a bleaching agent. Methods: 120 freshly extracted human premolars were equally divided into 4 groups: a negative-control group, a positive-control bleaching group, a bracket-bonded group, and a bracket bonded-bleached group. The bleaching protocol was carried out as recommended by the manufacturer of Opalescence Go® – 30 minutes each day for 10 consecutive days. The color value of each tooth was measured daily by spectrophotometry for the negative-control group and the positive-control bleaching group in 6 different …

Adjunctive Appliance Wear And Gender Affect Patients' Oral Health-Related Quality Of Life During The Late Stage Of Orthodontic Treatment In Adolescents, Monica Dinh

Student Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Objective: This study was conducted to determine how oral health-related quality of life (OHQoL) changes during the late stage of comprehensive fixed orthodontic treatment in adolescents and what factors may be involved. Background: Completion of orthodontic treatment has been shown to improve patients’ OHQoL due to the changes in esthetics, function and emotional well-being. The levels of OHQoL fluctuate throughout treatment where an initial decrease within the first 6 months occurs followed by an improvement towards patients’ pre-treatment levels. At 18 months of fixed orthodontic treatment, the level is unclear. The aims of this study were to clarify the changes …

Current Clinical And Curricula Experiences Of Postgraduate Pediatric Dentistry Programs On Non-Iv Conscious Sedation In The United States, Aline Morin

Student Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Purpose: The aims of this study were to: (1) evaluate the prevalence of compliance of Postgraduate Pediatric Dentistry Programs (PPDPs) in the United States with the current American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (AAPD) sedation guidelines and Commission On Dental Accreditation (CODA) sedation curriculum requirements and identify barriers to and facilitators for implementation of such guidelines; (2) identify changes to-date in sedation practices of PPDP since the previously published AAPD sedation guidelines (2011); and (3) determine the independent association of compliance of PPDP with program setting. Methods: A 40-item questionnaire was emailed to all postgraduate pediatric dentistry program directors (PPDPDs) of …

Comparing The Efficacy Of Laser Fluorescence And Explorer Examination In Detecting Subgingival Calculus In Vivo, Mark Mccawley

Student Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

This paper investigated the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and precision of laser fluorescence and tactile probing for the detection of subgingival calculus. The gold standard for subgingival calculus detection has always been tactile probing. In this study 27 teeth were collected and 108 surfaces investigated, one tooth was excluded (group #13) where no calculus was observed on any surface, and three surfaces because of subgingival root caries to avoid confounding data, which left a total of 101 surfaces of 26 extracted teeth that meet the investigation criteria. The presence of subgingival calculus was observed on 75 tooth surfaces (74.25%). There was …

Microtensile Bond Strength Of Resin-Dentin Bonds Following Application Of A Chemical Collagen Cross-Linker Using Different Dentin Bonding Systems, Bassam Naoraldean Zidane

Student Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Introduction: The stabilization of dentinal collagen fibers against enzymatic degradation by the use of biocompatible cross-linker agents is of clinical importance for effective dentin bonding to surpass the test of time.

Objective: The present study aims to evaluate and compare the effect of the application of two versions of a desensitizer solution to sound coronal dentin, on the microtensile bond strength (μTBS) of the resin-sound coronal dentin using 4th and 6th generation dentin bonding systems.

Materials and Methods: Extracted human third molars were collected from an unidentified bank of teeth followed by IRB approval. A flat surface of all 12 …

Comparison Of Mechanical And Optical Properties Between Three Different Cad/Cam Materials, Aasem Mutlaq Alhenaki

Student Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Objective. This study aims to compare several mechanical and optical properties between three different CAD/CAM materials. The properties tested are: flexural strength, modulus of elasticity, hardness, translucency and surface gloss. Background. Typically, CAD/CAM restorations are either ceramic based or resin based. A new resin-ceramic hybrid material has recently been introduced and is thought to combine the advantages of both materials. Methods. Samples were divided into three groups, leucite-reinforced porcelain (IPS Empress CAD), lithium dicilicate (IPS e.max CAD) and resin-ceramic hybrid material (Vita Enamic). Twenty-six bar-shaped specimens were fabricated for each group by cutting standard CAD/CAM blocks. 3-point bending test and …

Effect Of Surface Preparation On The Shear Bond Strength Of Orthodontic Brackets Bonded To Zirconia : An In-Vitro Study, Nathaniel Wieder

Student Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Objectives: The purpose of this in-vitro study was to evaluate the effects of three different surface preparation methods on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets bonded to zirconia and determine the most appropriate method. Methods: 45 zirconia and 30 leucite-reinforced porcelain mandibular premolar crowns were divided into 5 groups and received the following surface preparations: 37% phosphoric acid and non-hydrolyzed silane, 4% hydrofluoric acid and hydrolyzed silane, microetch with 50μ Al ₂ O₃ particles. A universal adhesive primer containing MDP was applied and the brackets were bonded with a bis-GMA composite resin. Shear bond strength (SBS) at bond …

Parental Knowledge & Experience Regarding Their Children's Dental Insurance Following Enactment Of The Affordable Care Act, Bianca Hillers

Student Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Goal and Objectives: The goal of this study is to assess parental knowledge and experience regarding children's dental insurance, following enactment of the Affordable Care Act (ACA). The ACA emphasizes the importance of oral health, making pediatric dental services one of ten essential health benefits. With this major change in health care reform, parents should be equipped to make informed decisions regarding their children's dental care and insurance. Data from the first open enrollment period show lack of true mandate and subsequent lack of compliance to this pediatric dental objective. One of our aims was to assess uptake of pediatric …

Gene Expression Profiles Of Cytokines During Osteogenic Differentiation Of Human Gingiva Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Reem Almashat

Student Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

A thesis submitted to the College of Dental Medicine of Nova Southeastern University of the degree of Master of Science in Dentistry.

Background: Therapeutic management of bone loss in the craniofacial region as a consequence of trauma, surgery or congenital malformations presents a clinical challenge. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), due to their inherent plasticity, are potential candidates for cell based therapies for the repair and reconstruction of craniofacial bone tissue. Guided differentiation of stem cells to osteogenic precursors is marked by spatio-temporally regulation of gene expression profiles including that of transcription factors, cytokines, extracellular matrix proteins, enzymes and several signaling …

Comparison Of The Effectiveness Of Mechanical And Chemical Procedures To Decontaminate Titanium Disks And To Promote Osteoblast Attachment, Flavia Goncalves

Student Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Objective: This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of physical and mechanical disinfection of P. gingivalis from implant disks and to evaluate bone cells growth and attachment to the disks. Background. Each year, over three million of Americans replacing missing teeth with dental implants. An inflammatory process around an implant that causes bone loss, characterizes peri-implantitis, first diagnosed in the 1980s. The prevalence is approximately 22%. To date, no treatment protocol of peri-implantitis has been proposed. Methods. 207 implants disks. Four different implant surfaces utilized. Disks were contaminated by p. gingivalis and consequentially disinfected by physical means (spraying prophy …

In Vitro Comparison Of Force Decay Between Three Orthodontic Sliding Retraction Methods, Pamela Steiger

Student Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Objective: The purpose of this in vitro study was to determine if there is a difference in force decay between three sliding retraction methods under a standardized force delivery system (200 gm at 25 mm stretch) at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks. Background: In order to achieve proper esthetics, occlusion and stability, orthodontic treatment may require extractions. Elastomeric chains, Nickel Titanium (NiTi) coils, and active ligatures are commonly used to close these extraction spaces. Methods: Twenty samples of each retraction method (elastomeric chains, NiTi Coils and active ligatures) were evaluated under standardized conditions (200 gm at 25 mm). The …

Cephalometric Regional Superimpositions -- Digital Vs. Analog Accuracy And Precision : 3. The Cranial Base, Douglas Shaw

Student Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Objective. To assess the accuracy and precision in measurement of pairwise implant displacement across three methods of cranial base superimposition. Background. Cephalometric superimposition is the principal radiographic method used to evaluate changes within the craniofacial skeleton. Many studies have examined the accuracy of software intended to produce cephalometric superimposition. Such studies have utilized anatomic landmarks, selected by the respective software manufacturers, as registration points for constructing superimpositions and their analysis. As a result, these studies are only as accurate as the stability and validity of anatomic registration landmarks used. To our knowledge, no other study has utilized metallic implants to …

In Vitro Comparison Of Microabrasion, Cpp-Acp, Cpp-Acfp And Combination Therapies On The Remineralization Of White Spot Lesions, Tetyana Parsons

Student Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Objectives: To determine whether treatment of demineralized enamel white spot lesions with CPP-ACP paste, CPP-ACFP paste or microabrasion technique decreases lesion depth in vitro. Additionally, to determine whether treatment of demineralized enamel white spot lesions with microabrasion technique in combination with CPP-ACP paste or CPP-ACFP paste decreases lesion depth greater than any of the three techniques alone. Background: White spot lesions (WSLs) after the removal of orthodontic appliances remain a problem for clinicians and patients. Previous studies suggest that application of casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) and casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium fluoride phosphate (CPP-ACFP) may promote enamel remineralization. Recently, …

Effect Of Cad/Cam Processing On Esthetic Characteristics Of Porcelain Veneers, Eduardo Cortes-Contreras

Student Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Introduction: Dentistry has changed significantly during the last two decades. Patients are more aware and demanding of the latest technologies available in restorative dentistry. The purpose of this study was to determine any possible changes on the surface roughness, gloss and color change of CAD-CAM milled porcelain veneers following repeated milling times, before and after a glazing process. Methods: A Teflon disk-shaped mold was used as a cast to take a digital impression (BlueCam) in order to fabricate cylindrical-shaped specimens. A total of one hundred (N=100) specimens porcelain veneers using Empress CAD (I10) block, were milled using the CAD/CAM CEREC-SIRONA …

Influence Of Immediate Dentin Sealing On The Bond Strength Of Indirect Bonded Restorations, Alexander Duque

Student Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Introduction: A critical issue and concern that has been documented in dentistry is the complexity of bonding to dentin, a fact that has been referred to as a less reliable technique due to the intrinsic characteristics of the dentin substrate. Effectiveness on dentin bonding is a clinical important approach for indirect bonded restorations in order to achieve a good adhesion that can surpass the test of time. Long-term clinical trials have shown that indirect bonded restorations have an increased risk of failure when using dentin as the major substrate. Consequently, an effort should be made to improve techniques and materials …

Effect Of Resin Cement, Aging Process And Root Level On The Bond Strength Of The Resin-Fiber Posts, Khalid Almulhim

Student Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Background . Little is known about the long-term clinical bonding effectiveness of the Fiber-reinforced composite (FRC) posts cemented with self-etch adhesive systems. Bond stability and longevity of the cemented post are adversely affected by physical and chemical factors over time, such as expansion and contraction stresses caused by thermal changes and occlusal load. This clinical condition can be simulated in vitro by thermocyclic loading; and bonding effectiveness can be evaluated by applying the micropush out test. Therefore, more in vitro studies are needed to evaluate the bond strength of the fiber posts cemented with different resin cement systems after simulating …

Evaluation Of The Effect Of Enamel Deproteinization On Shear Bond Strength Of Orthodontic Adhesives And Resulting White Spot Lesion Formation, Kelly Chioffe

Student Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

A thesis submitted to the College of Dental Medicine of Nova Southeastern University of the degree of Master of Science in Dentistry.

Objective: The objectives of this study were 1) to evaluate the effect of enamel deproteinization on the shear bond strength(SBS) of orthodontic brackets bonded with a resin modified glass-ionomer (RMGI) adhesive and a composite resin, 2) to determine the mode of bond failure according to the adhesive remnant index (ARI) and 3) to evaluate the effect of these adhesives in the prevention of white spot lesions (WSLs). Background: WSLs are a concern for orthodontic patients. RMGI orthodontic adhesives …

Bmp2 Induced Osteogenic Differentiation Of Human Umbilical Cord Stem Cells In A Peptide-Based Hydrogel Scaffold, Shruthi Lakshmana

Student Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Craniofacial tissue loss due to traumatic injuries and congenital defects is a major clinical problem around the world. Cleft palate is the second most common congenital malformation in the United States occurring with an incidence of 1 in 700. Some of the problems associated with this defect are feeding difficulties, speech abnormalities and dentofacial anomalies. Current treatment protocol offers repeated surgeries with extended healing time. Our long-term goal is to regenerate bone in the palatal region using tissue-engineering approaches. Bone tissue engineering utilizes osteogenic cells, osteoconductive scaffolds and osteoinductive signals. Mesenchymal stem cells derived from human umbilical cord (HUMSCs) are …

Cephalometric Regional Superimpositions -- Digital Vs. Analog Accuracy And Precision : 1. The Maxilla, Glenn Krieger

Student Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to measure the displacement of defined dental structures, as a result of superimposition of cephalometric images across paired time-points by both digital and analog methods. The magnitudes of such displacements across three methods of superimposition were compared to each other and to a reference method constructed by registering superimposed cephalometric images on tantalum markers implanted in the study participants' maxillae. The defined dental structures were: 1) First molar mesial contact point; 2) First molar apical root bisection; 3) Central incisor root apex; 4) Central incisor crown incisal edge. Methods: Lateral cephalograms of 22 …

Fluoride Release, Recharge, And Re-Release From Four Orthodontic Bonding Systems, Amy Bouvier

Student Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

A thesis submitted to the College of Dental Medicine of Nova Southeastern University of the degree of Master of Science in Dentistry.

Objectives: To determine the amount of initial fluoride release from four orthodontic bonding systems over a period of four weeks, and then to subject these materials to an external source of fluoride for recharge in order to measure the amount of fluoride re-release over another four-week interval. Additionally the surface morphology of these materials was analyzed under the scanning electron microscope in order to identify microscopic changes in the materials that may have occurred during the experiment. Methods: …

Evaluation Of Critical Parameters Of Low Level Laser Irradiation On Human Osteoblast Cell Proliferation And Differentiation, Samuel Dean Waddoups

Student Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Abstract

Orthodontic tooth movement is a biological response to a mechanical force. One of the challenges in orthodontics is obtaining desired tooth movement during treatment. Accelerating tooth movement and decreasing demands on anchorage can reduce treatment times and overall satisfaction for patient and doctor. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) is emerging as a technology that may decrease orthodontic treatment time. Many in vitro and in vivo studies have reported the effects of low level lasers at random time points and energy densities. None of the studies have optimized the dose required for osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. The purpose of this study …

Effects Of Synthetic Cortical Bone Thickness And Force Vector Application On Temporary Anchorage Device Pull-Out Strength As Related To Clinical Perspectives Of Practicing Orthodontists, Ira Rothstein

Student Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

December 2011.

A thesis submitted to the College of Dental Medicine of Nova Southeastern University of the degree of Master of Science in Dentistry.

Background: Temporary anchorage devices (TADs) provide a versatile means by which orthodontic anchorage can be established without the need for patient compliance and complex force systems. Their use is predicated on their ability to remain stable throughout the course of treatment in which they are needed. This has been shown to be the result of "primary stability" which is achieved through mechanical interlocking of the screw threads with the surrounding bone immediately upon placement. Therefore, evaluating …