Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

The Economic Costs And Benefits Of Dental Education: An Empirical Analysis, Gary L. Stafford, Farrokh Nourzad, William K. Lobb, Jason R. Beall

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

The rising costs associated with obtaining a dental education have caused some to question the financial benefit of pursuing a dental degree. There is a concern that recent graduates may have difficulty finding professional opportunities that provide the income necessary to service their accumulated educational debt. The aim of this study was to evaluate the trends in educational costs to aid in making an accurate appraisal of the financial benefit of a dental education. Adjusted into constant dollar terms, data from a variety of sources were collected for economic variables such as tuition, fees, student indebtedness, and dentists’ earnings. These …

Effect Of Different Enamel Conditionings On The Bond Strength Of Glass Ionomer Cement And Ceramic Brackets, Dauro Douglas Oliveira, T. Gerard Bradley, Matheus Melo Pithon, Mariele Cristina Garcia Pantuzo, Emilio Akaki, Virendra B. Dhuru

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

Aim: To evaluate the effect of different enamel conditionings on the shear bond strength (SBS) and bond failure patterns of a resin modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) used to bond ceramic brackets. Methods: 105 human premolars extracted for orthodontic reasons were divided into 7 groups according to the enamel surface treatments: conditioners (35% phosphoric acid and 10% polyacrylic acid), type of adhesive (Transbond® and Fuji Ortho LC Capsule®), washing time and drying of the surface. Results: A significant p0.05) to the group that had brackets bonded with composite resin. The two groups that had enamel prepared with polyacrylic acid and …

Strength Properties Of Preceramic Brazed Joints Of A Gold-Palladium Alloy With A Microwave-Assisted Oven And Gas/Oxygen Torch Technique, Hyeongil Kim, Soni Prasad, Robert Dunford, Edward A. Monaco, Jr.

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

Statement of problem

The effect of microwave brazing on the strength properties of dental casting alloys is not yet known.

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to compare the strength properties of preceramic brazed joints obtained by using a microwave oven and a conventional torch flame for a high noble alloy (Au-Pd).

Material and methods

A total of 18 tensile bars made of an Au-Pd ceramic alloy were fabricated. Six specimens were cut and joined with a high-fusing preceramic solder in a specially designed microwave oven, and 6 specimens were joined with a conventional natural gas/oxygen torch. The remaining …

Microstructure And Mechanical Properties Of Nickel-Free And Nickel-Containing Stainless Steel Orthodontic Wires, Amanda Olejniczak

Master's Theses (2009 -)

Introduction: In orthodontics, contact dermatitis caused by nickel allergy should be of concern with the number of nickel-containing appliances and wires used. Stainless steel archwires are commonly used throughout orthodontic treatment. With the release of nickel from these wires, some manufacturers have turned to nickel-free stainless steel alternatives. The goal of this research was to compare nickel-free stainless steel with traditional stainless steel archwires with regard to mechanical properties and microstructure. Materials and Methods: Nickel-free stainless steel and regular stainless steel archwires from four companies were included. Five random samples of each wire, vertically mounted in fast-set acrylic, were indented …

Composition, Phase Structure, And Corrosion Of Nickel-Free And Nickel-Containing Stainless Steel Orthodontic Wires, Amrita Rakalla

Master's Theses (2009 -)

Stainless steel wires have long been used in orthodontics. The austenitic stainless steel used in orthodontics contains approximately 18 wt% chromium and 8 wt% nickel. Nickel improves the corrosion resistance and helps maintain the austenite structure of stainless steel. Nickel is the most allergenic metal and is the most common metal associated with contact dermatitis in orthodontics. Nickel-free wires have been developed, and it was the goal of this study to compare nickel-free and nickel-containing stainless steel orthodontic wires to determine and compare their composition, phase structure, and corrosion properties. For each test, nickel-free and conventional stainless steel wires were …

An Investigation Into The Bonding Properties Of New Generation Ceramic Brackets As Compared To A Stainless Steel Bracket, Ami Inoue

Master's Theses (2009 -)

Introduction: More patients are seeking esthetic alternatives for their orthodontic treatment options, which has led to increased use of ceramic brackets in recent years. These brackets were marketed before independent scientific research was completed. Many of the early ceramic brackets used a silane coupling agent to allow for a chemical bond between the bracket and the adhesive resin. Early reports from clinicians of increased bond strengths and iatrogenic tooth damage after bracket removal were common. Manufacturers have made changes to their base designs, relying more on mechanical retention for bond strength. The goal of this study was to test the …

Comparing The Vertical Misfit Of Casts Produced By Two Verification Jigs, Abdulaziz Saeed Alqahtani

Master's Theses (2009 -)

Purpose: To compare the dimensional accuracy between master casts fabricated with verification jigs made of acrylic resin and light cure Triad. Materials and Methods: 10 GC Pattern resin Pattern verifications jigs and 10 Triad gel verification jigs fabricated of a master cast of a mandibular model of 4 internal hex implants. A stone base was fabricated for each verification jig. One screw test was used to evaluate the vertical gap at the terminal abutment using a digital micrometer with an accuracy of 1μm to record the vertical gap for each sample. Results: Triad Gel group has the lowest average distortion …

Dimensional Changes Of Facial Soft Tissue Associated With Rapid Palatal Expansion, Peter Charles Longo

Master's Theses (2009 -)

Introduction: Orthodontic treatment demands excellent outcomes in both function and esthetics. Despite the popularity of rapid palatal expansion in orthodontic treatment, few studies have examined its consequences on facial soft tissue using direct anthropometric measurements. The primary goal of this study was to determine facial soft tissue changes immediately following rapid palatal expansion. Materials and Methods: Twenty-eight patients (age range, 8-17 years) attending Marquette Dental School Orthodontic Post-Graduate Clinic were enrolled in the study. Facial soft tissue measurements were taken with digital calipers at two separate time points (T0: initial exam and T1: thirty days following expansion); measurements were recorded …

Effect Of Mechanical Vibration On Resistance To Sliding In The Fixed Orthodontic Appliance, David Robert Kennedy

Master's Theses (2009 -)

Objective: To determine the effects of mechanical vibrations produced from electric tooth brushes and a commercially available device called AcceleDent, on the resistance to sliding at the bracket-arch wire interface. Materials and Methods: All as-received wires and brackets were cleaned with 95% ethanol prior to testing. An individual metal bracket was mounted on a custom metal fixture. The custom metal fixture had a polyurethane material that resembled the mechanical feature of the human periodontal ligament. The test metal bracket was aligned and bonded passively with 4 other non-movable brackets using a straight piece of .0215" X .025" SS wire. Another …

An Investigation Into The Mechanical And Aesthetic Properties Of New Generation Coated Nickel-Titanium Wires In The As-Received State And After Clinical Use, T. Gerard Bradley, David W. Berzins, Nicholas Valeri, Jessica E. Pruszynski, Theodore Eliades, Christos Katsaros

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

The orthodontic profession is constantly seeking to improve and optimize the aesthetics of orthodontic wires since the introduction of aesthetic brackets. Nickel-titanium (NiTi) wires since their introduction to orthodontics (Andreasen and Hilleman, 1971) have been extensively researched in vitro and are used as an initial levelling and aligning archwire because of its properties of springback and superelasticity (Burstone et al., 1985; Miura et al., 1986; Leu et al., 1990; Bishara et al., 1995; Bradley et al., 1996; Biermann et al., 2007; Berzins and Roberts 2010). Aesthetic wires are usually either coated NiTi wires or composite wires of reinforced polymers. Shape …

Treatment Of Abscessed Primary Molars Utilizing Lesion Sterilization And Tissue Repair: Literature Review And Report Of Three Cases, David Burrus, Lori Barbeau, Brian D. Hodgson

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

Purpose: The purpose of this report was to review an emerging alternative treatment to pulpectomies and extractions for nonvital primary teeth called lesion sterilization and tissue repair (LSTR) and provide the results of three clinical case applications. LSTR is a noninstrumentation endodontic treatment that involves a triantibiotic mixture in a propylene glycol vehicle, which is used to disinfect root canal systems. This concept was developed by the cariology research unit of the School of Dentistry, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata Prefecture, Japan. This article reviews the development of the technique, clinical procedures required for the technique, three clinical applications and radiographic …

Accuracy And Precision Of Die Spacer Thickness With Combined Computer-Aided Design And 3-D Printing Technology, Lisa Hoang

Master's Theses (2009 -)

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy and precision of die-spacer thickness achieved by the combination of computer aided design and 3-dimension printing technology.

Materials and Methods: An ivorine maxillary central incisor was prepared for an all ceramic crown. The prepared tooth was duplicated by using poly (vinyl siloxane) duplicating silicone and 80 die-stone models were produced using type IV dental stone. Dies were randomly divided into 5 groups with assigned die spacer thickness of (25 μm, 45 μm, 65 μm, 85 μm, 105 μm) (n=16/group). The printed resin copings, obtained from 3D Systems ProJet DP …

Influence Of Taper On The Flexibility Of Nickel-Titanium Rotary Files, Christopher J. Kingma

Master's Theses (2009 -)

Introduction: Modern nickel-titanium instruments have various tapers and have been marketed to have superior flexibility from previous generations. Current ISO standards require force measurements at a static point along the file. Unfortunately, root canal anatomy varies and produces multiple forces along the length of the file. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of taper on the flexibility of various nickel-titanium files.

Materials and Methods: The flexibility of stainless steel hand files and nickel-titanium rotary files of various tapers was measured. The sample size was 10 for each type, taper and size. The files were measured at …

Flexibility Of Various Nickel-Titanium Rotary Endodontic Files, Chelsea Selin

Master's Theses (2009 -)

Introduction: Nickel-titanium rotary files were originally developed to allow for greater flexibility when instrumenting root canals. The increased flexibility of nickel-titanium instruments allowed operators to negotiate canal curvatures with greater ease. File design is continually changing. Manufacturers are trying to produce files that will work more efficiently and safely. Knowing the properties of files marketed is especially important in helping to choose an appropriate file system. Current ISO standards require force measurements at a static point along the file. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the flexibility of four different nickel-titanium files at three different points along the …

A Comparison Of Two Methods To Articulate A Maxillary Cast With Lateral Cephalometry, Laura H. Lux

Master's Theses (2009 -)

The Kois Dento-Facial Analyzer, an arbitrary articulation system, is used by clinicians to articulate and evaluate clinical cases. There is, however, limited information for understanding how the Kois Dento-Facial Analyzer should be utilized. Dr. Kois and Dr. Lee originally patented the device in 2003 yet there is essentially no evidence-based research in the literature. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of articulating the maxillary cast using the Kois Dento-Facial Analyzer in three-dimensions as compared to the position of the cast when using Panadent’s Pana-Mount Facebow. Fifteen dried human skulls were used as test subjects. Maxillary diagnostic …

Evaluation Of Effect Of 17% Edta And 5.25% Sodium Hypochloride Irrigating Solutions On Surface Hardness Of Brasseler Endosequence Root Repair Material, Himanshu Sharma

Master's Theses (2009 -)

Introduction: Root Perforation is an artificial communication between the root canal system and supporting tissue. Various endodontic researchers have published that sealing the perforation immediately has the best prognosis but this predisposes the repair material to come in contact with various root canal irrigants during the course of treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 17% EDTA and 5.25% sodium hypochlorite irrigating solutions on surface hardness of Endosequence Root Repair Material Putty (ERRM).

Method: ERRM, 5.25% Sodium Hypochlorite, 17% EDTA and Deionized water were used. 42 samples were prepared and divided into 2 groups. Each …

The Effects Of Dentin Adhesives And Liner Materials On The Microleakage Of Class Ii Resin Composite Restorations In Primary And Permanent Teeth, H. Cem Güngör, E. Canoğlu, Z. C. Çehreli

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

Purpose

To compare the occlusal and gingival microleakage of Class-II composite restorations utilizing etch-and-rinse and self-etch adhesives and different liner materials in primary and permanent teeth.

Study design

Standardized class-II cavities were prepared in freshly-extracted sound primary and permanent molars (n = 80/each), with all cavosurface margins involving enamel. The main experimental groups were; A. Single Bond 2/primary teeth; B. Adper SE Plus/primary teeth; C. Single Bond 2/permanent teeth; and D. Adper SE Plus/permanent teeth. Each group comprised 4 subgroups (n = 10/each) with respect to the liner material employed (n = 10/subgroup): 1. Fuji VII; 2. Fuji Triage; 3. …

Management Of Crown-Related Fractures In Children: An Update Review, H. Cem Güngör

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

Traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) are a serious public health problem. Epidemiology of dental trauma indicates that these injuries are more prevalent in child population of the world. Children are the sufferers in two-thirds of all TDIs observed. Although being a major fraction, crown-related fractures are a less severe form of TDIs with respect to their complications and sequelae. However, as with other types of traumatic injuries, the delay in seeking for immediate care following a traumatic injury and the lack of appropriate treatment may compromise long-term outcomes. This article reviews the occurrence, management, and prognosis of crown-related fractures in primary …

Fostering Dental Faculty Collaboration With An Evidence-Based Decision Making Model Designed For Curricular Change, Gary L. Stafford

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

This article introduces an innovative decision making model for adapting evidence-based practice to the specific needs of a department in a dental school. The design encourages suggestions for curricular change directly from the faculty members, while providing a mechanism that allows them to actively participate in the process through the use of evidence-based principles and practice. The nucleus of this model is an Advisory Council comprised of nine full-time departmental faculty members who, when charged, act as independent task force leaders who recruit other faculty members and lead small teams that investigate suggestions for curricular change. Following an accelerated investigative …

Teaching Culturally Sensitive Care To Dental Students: A Multidisciplinary Approach, Evelyn Donate-Bartfield, William K. Lobb, Toni M. Roucka

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

Dental schools must prepare future dentists to deliver culturally sensitive care to diverse patient populations, but there is little agreement on how best to teach these skills to students. This article examines this question by exploring the historical and theoretical foundations of this area of education in dentistry, analyzes what is needed for students to learn to provide culturally sensitive care in a dental setting, and identifies the discipline-specific skills students must master to develop this competence. The problems associated with single-discipline, lecture-based approaches to teaching culturally sensitive care are outlined, and the advantages of an interdisciplinary, patient-centered, skills-based approach …

Operative Management Of Idiophatic Myositis Ossificans Of Lateral Pterygoid Muscle, Luis Eduardo Almeida, Andrea Doetzer, Flavio Camejo, Jose A. Bosio

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

INTRODUCTION

Myositis ossificans (MO) is characterized as heterotopic bone formation within muscle. MO rarely occurs in the head and neck region. Excision of the heterotopic bone is the standard treatment. This report summarizes a case of a 12-year old female with MO involving the lateral pterygoid muscle. The heterotopic bone was excised using an intraoral incision. Despite intensive physical therapy, the operation failed as evidenced by new bone formation in the area within three weeks of the operation.

PRESENTATION OF CASE

A twelve years old female patient presenting with mouth opening of 10 mm, no facial asymmetry, and no jaw …

Patterns Of Dental Service Utilization Following Nontraumatic Dental Condition Visits To The Emergency Department In Wisconsin Medicaid, Nicholas M. Pajewski, Christopher Okunseri

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

Objectives: To examine patterns of dental service utilization for adult Medicaid enrollees in Wisconsin following nontraumatic dental condition (NTDC) visits to the emergency department (ED).

Methods: This is a retrospective, observational study of claims for NTDC visits to the ED and dental service encounters from the Wisconsin Medicaid Evaluation and Decision Support database (2001-2009). We used competing risk models to predict probabilities of returning to the ED versus obtaining follow-up care from a dentist.

Results: We observed a 43 percent increase in the rate of NTDC visits to the ED, with most of this increase occurring from 2001 to 2005. …

Racial/Ethnic Disparities In Provision Of Dental Procedures To Children Enrolled In Delta Dental Insurance In Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Pradeep Bhagavatula, Qun Xiang, Fredrick Eichmiller, Aniko Szabo, Christopher Okunseri

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

Objectives: Most studies on the provision of dental procedures have focused on Medicaid enrollees known to have inadequate access to dental care. Little information on private insurance enrollees exists. This study documents the rates of preventive, restorative, endodontic, and surgical dental procedures provided to children enrolled in Delta Dental of Wisconsin (DDWI) in Milwaukee.

Methods: We analyzed DDWI claims data for Milwaukee children aged 0-18 years between 2002 and 2008. We linked the ZIP codes of enrollees to the 2000 US Census information to derive racial/ethnic estimates in the different ZIP codes. We estimated the rates of preventive, restorative, endodontic, …

Management Of Dental Extraction In A Female Patient With Fanconi Anemia, Andre Peisker, Gregor F. Raschke, Arndt Guentsch, Korosh Roshanghias, Stefan Schultze-Mosgau

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

Oral surgery in patients with bleeding disorders is associated with a high risk of bleeding during and after surgery. This article is aimed to present the case of an eight-year-old girl suffering from severe Fanconi anemia with pancytopenia who underwent a dental extraction. The hemostatic effect of local administration of tranexamic acid in combination with a primary suture seems to be extremely helpful in order to reduce the necessity of blood products and the risk of postoperative bleeding.

Review Found Little Difference Between Sandblasted And Acid-Etched (Sla) Dental Implants And Modified Surface (Slactive) Implants, Gary L. Stafford

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

Data sources

Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Oral Health Group's Trials Register and OpenGREY databases were searched together with the reference lists of identified articles.

Study selection

Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and prospective cohort studies of at least six month duration were included. Studies/case series in which there was only one implant surface (SLA or SLActive) and one loading protocol (immediate or early) were also considered.

Data extraction and synthesis

Two reviewers screened, selected and abstracted data, independently. RCTs were assessed for quality using the Cochrane risk of bias approach and observational studies using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS). The primary outcomes …

Fasl Expression In Articular Discs Of Human Temporomandibular Joint And Association With Osteoarthrosis, Flavio De Alcantara Camejo, Luis Eduardo Almeida, Andrea Doetzer, Karina Sao Thiago Caporal, Viviane Ambros, Marina Azevedo, Luciana Reis Azevedo Alanis, Marcia Olandoski, Lucia Noronha, Paula C. Trevilatto

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

Background

Apoptosis is a programme of cell death which does not induce an inflammatory response. Recent previous research has suggested a correlation between temporomandibular internal derangement and apoptosis. Fas ligand (FasL) is an apoptosis‐inducing factor, known to trigger apoptosis through distinct signal pathways. This study aims to examine, by immunohistochemistry, the expression of FasL in temporomandibular joint (TMJ) articular discs of patients with anterior disc displacement with reduction (ADDwR) and without reduction (ADDwoR) in patients with and without osteoarthrosis (OA).

Methods

Forty‐two (n = 42) TMJ articular discs were divided into two cut‐offs: (i) 8 control, 17 ADDwR, 17 …

Replication Of Known Dental Characteristics In Porcine Skin: Emerging Technologies For The Imaging Specialist, L. Thomas Johnson, Thomas W. Radmer, Dean C. Jeutter, Gary L. Stafford, Joseph Thulin, Thomas Wirtz, George Corliss, Kwang Woo Ahn, Alexis Visotky, Ronald L. Groffy

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

This study demonstrates that it is sometimes possible to replicate patterns of human teeth in pig skin and determine scientifically that a given injury pattern (bite mark) correlates with the dentitions of a very small proportion of a population dataset, e.g., 5 percent or even 1 percent. The authors recommend building on the template of this research with a sufficiently large database of samples that reflects the diverse world population. They also envision the development of a sophisticated imaging software application that enables forensic examiners to insert parameters for measurement, as well as additional methods of applying force to produce …