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Smokeless Tobacco Initiation, Use And Cessation In South Asia: A Qualitative Assessment, Faraz Siddiqui, Ray Croucher Ray Croucher, Fayaz Ahmad, Zarak Hussain Ahmed, Roshani Babu, Linda Bauld, Fariza Fieroze, Rumana Huque, Maira Mubashir, Narjis Rizvi
Smokeless Tobacco Initiation, Use And Cessation In South Asia: A Qualitative Assessment, Faraz Siddiqui, Ray Croucher Ray Croucher, Fayaz Ahmad, Zarak Hussain Ahmed, Roshani Babu, Linda Bauld, Fariza Fieroze, Rumana Huque, Maira Mubashir, Narjis Rizvi
Community Health Sciences
Introduction: Smokeless tobacco (ST) is a significant South Asian public health problem. This paper reports a qualitative study of a sample of South Asian ST users.
Methods: Interviews, using a piloted topic guide, with 33 consenting, urban dwelling adult ST users explored their ST initiation, continued use and cessation attempts. Framework data analysis was used to analyse country specific data before a thematic cross-country synthesis was completed.
Results: Participants reported long term ST use and high dependency. All reported strong cessation motivation and multiple failed attempts because of ease of purchasing ST, tobacco dependency and lack of institutional support.
Conclusions: …
Associations Of Cereal Grains Intake With Cardiovascular Disease And Mortality Across 21 Countries In Prospective Urban And Rural Epidemiology Study: Prospective Cohort Study, Sumathi Swaminathan, Mahshid Dehghan, John Michael Raj, Tinku Thomas, Sumathy Rangarajan, David Jenkins, Prem Mony, Viswanathan Mohan, Scott A. Lear, Romaina Iqbal
Associations Of Cereal Grains Intake With Cardiovascular Disease And Mortality Across 21 Countries In Prospective Urban And Rural Epidemiology Study: Prospective Cohort Study, Sumathi Swaminathan, Mahshid Dehghan, John Michael Raj, Tinku Thomas, Sumathy Rangarajan, David Jenkins, Prem Mony, Viswanathan Mohan, Scott A. Lear, Romaina Iqbal
Community Health Sciences
Objective: To evaluate the association between intakes of refined grains, whole grains, and white rice with cardiovascular disease, total mortality, blood lipids, and blood pressure in the Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study.
Design: Prospective cohort study.
Setting: PURE study in 21 countries.
Participants: 148 858 participants with median follow-up of 9.5 years.
Exposures: Country specific validated food frequency questionnaires were used to assess intakes of refined grains, whole grains, and white rice.
Main outcome measure: Composite of mortality or major cardiovascular events (defined as death from cardiovascular causes, non-fatal myocardial infarction, stroke, or heart failure). Hazard ratios were …