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Articles 1 - 30 of 41
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Ethics And Issues At The Sunset Of Life, Jane Gervasio, Dick Mcgowan, Priscilla Ryder
Ethics And Issues At The Sunset Of Life, Jane Gervasio, Dick Mcgowan, Priscilla Ryder
Priscilla T. Ryder
No abstract provided.
Feminism, Law, And Bioethics, Karen H. Rothenberg
Feminism, Law, And Bioethics, Karen H. Rothenberg
Karen H. Rothenberg
Feminist legal theory provides a healthy skepticism toward legal doctrine and insists that we reexamine even formally gender-neutral rules to uncover problematic assumptions behind them. The article first outlines feminist legal theory from the perspectives of liberal, cultural, and radical feminism. Examples of how each theory influences legal practice, case law, and legislation are highlighted. Each perspective is then applied to a contemporary bioethical issue, egg donation. Following a brief discussion of the common themes shared by feminist jurisprudence, the article incorporates a narrative reflecting on the integration of the common feminist themes in the context of the passage of …
Ethics And Issues At The Sunset Of Life, Jane Gervasio, Dick Mcgowan, Priscilla Ryder
Ethics And Issues At The Sunset Of Life, Jane Gervasio, Dick Mcgowan, Priscilla Ryder
Jane M. Gervasio
No abstract provided.
Ethical Considerations In The Conduct Of Vaccine Trials In Developing Countries, Charles Weijer, C. Lanata, C. Plowe
Ethical Considerations In The Conduct Of Vaccine Trials In Developing Countries, Charles Weijer, C. Lanata, C. Plowe
Charles Weijer
No abstract provided.
Ethical Challenges In Icu Research, Charles Weijer
Ethical Challenges In Icu Research, Charles Weijer
Charles Weijer
No abstract provided.
When Can Physicians Say “No” To Families And Patients?, Charles Weijer
When Can Physicians Say “No” To Families And Patients?, Charles Weijer
Charles Weijer
No abstract provided.
Decision-Making By Adolescents And Parents Of Children With Cancer Regarding Health Research Participation, Kate Read, Conrad Fernandez, Jun Gao, Caron Strahlendorf, Albert Moghrabi, Rebecca Pentz, Raymond Barfield, Justin Baker, Darcy Santor, Charles Weijer, Eric Kodish
Decision-Making By Adolescents And Parents Of Children With Cancer Regarding Health Research Participation, Kate Read, Conrad Fernandez, Jun Gao, Caron Strahlendorf, Albert Moghrabi, Rebecca Pentz, Raymond Barfield, Justin Baker, Darcy Santor, Charles Weijer, Eric Kodish
Charles Weijer
Background: Low rates of participation of adolescents and young adults (AYAs) in clinical oncology trials may contribute to poorer outcomes. Factors that influence the decision of AYAs to participate in health research and whether these factors are different from those that affect the participation of parents of children with cancer.
Methods: This is a secondary analysis of data from validated questionnaires provided to adolescents (>12 years old) diagnosed with cancer and parents of children with cancer at 3 sites in Canada (Halifax, Vancouver, and Montreal) and 2 in the United States (Atlanta, GA, and Memphis, TN). Respondents reported their …
Ethical And Policy Issues In Cluster Randomized Trials: Rationale And Design Of A Mixed Methods Research Study, Monica Taljaard, Charles Weijer, Jeremy Grimshaw, Judith Brown, Ariella Binik, Robert Boruch, Jamie Brehaut, Shazia Chaudhry, Martin Eccles, Andrew Mcrae, Raphael Saginur, Merrick Zwarenstein, Allan Donner
Ethical And Policy Issues In Cluster Randomized Trials: Rationale And Design Of A Mixed Methods Research Study, Monica Taljaard, Charles Weijer, Jeremy Grimshaw, Judith Brown, Ariella Binik, Robert Boruch, Jamie Brehaut, Shazia Chaudhry, Martin Eccles, Andrew Mcrae, Raphael Saginur, Merrick Zwarenstein, Allan Donner
Charles Weijer
Background: Cluster randomized trials are an increasingly important methodological tool in health research. In cluster randomized trials, intact social units or groups of individuals, such as medical practices, schools, or entire communities--rather than individual themselves--are randomly allocated to intervention or control conditions, while outcomes are then observed on individual cluster members. The substantial methodological differences between cluster randomized trials and conventional randomized trials pose serious challenges to the current conceptual framework for research ethics. The ethical implications of randomizing groups rather than individuals are not addressed in current research ethics guidelines, nor have they even been thoroughly explored. The main …
Challenge, Tension And Possibility: An Exploration Into Contemporary Western Herbal Medicine In Australia, Sue Evans
Dr Sue Evans
This thesis is about the contemporary challenges facing herbal medicine. Specifically it concerns the difficulties faced by Australian herbalists in their attempts to maintain authority over the knowledge base of their craft and a connection with traditional understandings of the uses of plant medicines, while at the same time engaging with biomedicine and the broader Australian healthcare system. It contributes to the study of the nascent field of qualitative studies in contemporary western herbal medicine by making three main arguments. Firstly, Australian herbal medicine is characterised by its origins as a European colonial practice and its history of professional marginalisation …
Current Dietetic Practices Of Obesity Management In Saudi Arabia And Comparison With Australian Practices And Best Practice Criteria, A. Almajwal, P. Williams, Marijka Batterham
Current Dietetic Practices Of Obesity Management In Saudi Arabia And Comparison With Australian Practices And Best Practice Criteria, A. Almajwal, P. Williams, Marijka Batterham
Peter Williams
Objective: To describe the dietetic practices of the treatment of obesity in Saudi Arabia and compare this with best practice criteria and the practice in Australia. Methods: Anonymous questionnaires were completed by dietitians in Saudi Arabia. The topics included barriers to obesity management, demand and level of service and strategies and approaches used for weight management. Best practice scores were based on those used to assess Australian dietitians. Results: 253 dietitians participated in the survey. Of these, 175 (69 %) were involved in the management of obesity. The best practice score for Australian dietitians was slightly but significantly greater than …
Trends In The Affordability Of The Illawarra Healthy Food Basket 2000-2007, P. G. Williams, A. Hull, M. Kontos
Trends In The Affordability Of The Illawarra Healthy Food Basket 2000-2007, P. G. Williams, A. Hull, M. Kontos
Peter Williams
Aims
The Illawarra Healthy Food Basket (IHFB) was developed as one measure to monitor the affordability of healthy eating in Australia. It consists of 57 items selected to meet the nutritional requirements of a reference family of five. The basket was first costed in the Illawarra region of Australia in 2000 and again in 2001 and 2003. This study aimed to repeat the costing of the basket in 2005 and 2007 and to assess the trends in affordability since 2000.
Methods
Costing was carried out in the same five suburbs as previous surveys, utilising a large supermarket, greengrocer and butcher …
‘You Can Fly!’: Reimagining Peter Pan And Snowboarding’S Olympic Neverland, M. Popovic, Don Morrow
‘You Can Fly!’: Reimagining Peter Pan And Snowboarding’S Olympic Neverland, M. Popovic, Don Morrow
Donald Morrow
No abstract provided.
Table For Four, Fenelon And Balthasar, Megan Levy
Narratives With Perspectives: Stories And Re-Membrances Of The Miracle Mile, Don Morrow
Narratives With Perspectives: Stories And Re-Membrances Of The Miracle Mile, Don Morrow
Donald Morrow
No abstract provided.
Research Governance Lessons From The National Placebo Initiative, Heather Sampson, Charles Weijer, Daryl Pullman
Research Governance Lessons From The National Placebo Initiative, Heather Sampson, Charles Weijer, Daryl Pullman
Charles Weijer
No abstract provided.
Minimal Risk And Large-Scale Biobank And Cohort Research, Timothy Caulfield, Charles Weijer
Minimal Risk And Large-Scale Biobank And Cohort Research, Timothy Caulfield, Charles Weijer
Charles Weijer
No abstract provided.
Reclaiming Our Identities: From Ethicist To Moral Theologian, M. Therese Lysaught
Reclaiming Our Identities: From Ethicist To Moral Theologian, M. Therese Lysaught
M. Therese Lysaught
No abstract provided.
Dr. Samuel B. Woodward: A 19th Century Pioneer In American Psychiatric Care, Janet L. Dadoly, Len Levin, Lisa A. Palmer
Dr. Samuel B. Woodward: A 19th Century Pioneer In American Psychiatric Care, Janet L. Dadoly, Len Levin, Lisa A. Palmer
Lisa A. Palmer
Objective: Showcase the life and work of Dr. Samuel B. Woodward, the medical superintendent of one of the first public hospitals for the mentally ill in the U.S., the Worcester State Hospital in Worcester, Mass. Dr. Woodward overcame then-popular views of mental illness to champion compassionate, optimistic, and individualized treatment for patients.
Methods: Dr. Samuel B. Woodward brought a significant paradigm shift to the dark world of mentally ill indigent citizens of Massachusetts in the early 19th century. When Dr. Woodward became the first superintendent of Worcester State Hospital in 1833, mentally ill patients were viewed with suspicion and fear …
Providing Research Results To Participants: Attitudes And Needs Of Adolescents And Parents Of Children With Cancer, Conrad Fernandez, Jun Gao, Caron Strahlendorf, Albert Moghrabi, Rebecca Pentz, Raymond Barfield, Justin Baker, Darcy Santor, Charles Weijer, Eric Kodish
Providing Research Results To Participants: Attitudes And Needs Of Adolescents And Parents Of Children With Cancer, Conrad Fernandez, Jun Gao, Caron Strahlendorf, Albert Moghrabi, Rebecca Pentz, Raymond Barfield, Justin Baker, Darcy Santor, Charles Weijer, Eric Kodish
Charles Weijer
PURPOSE: There is an increasing demand for researchers to provide research results to participants. Our aim was to define an appropriate process for this, based on needs and attitudes of participants.
METHODS: A multicenter survey in five sites in the United States and Canada was offered to parents of children with cancer and adolescents with cancer. Respondents indicated their preferred mode of communication of research results with respect to implications; timing, provider, and content of the results; reasons for and against providing results; and barriers to providing results.
RESULTS: Four hundred nine parents (including 19 of deceased children) and 86 …
Eating Inside: Food Service Experiences In Three Australian Prisons, P. G. Williams, K. Walton, N. Ainsworth, C. Wirtz
Eating Inside: Food Service Experiences In Three Australian Prisons, P. G. Williams, K. Walton, N. Ainsworth, C. Wirtz
Peter Williams
This study evaluated the menus and food service experience of inmates in three correctional centres in Sydney (one minimum security, one high security, and one for women). Menus were evaluated against recommended dietary intakes, dietary guidelines and nutrition policy statements. Menus generally provided a well varied selection of foods which met the majority of individual nutritional requirements and dietary guidelines - assuming all food provided was consumed. Focus groups and interviews with 35 inmates explored their attitudes about and experiences of the foodservice provision. Sixteen key themes of concern were identified, including: • Complaints about food quality, lack of choice, …
Australian Consumer Attitudes To Health Claim - Food Product Compatibility For Functional Foods, P. G. Williams, L. Ridges, M. Batterham, B. Ripper, M. C. Hung
Australian Consumer Attitudes To Health Claim - Food Product Compatibility For Functional Foods, P. G. Williams, L. Ridges, M. Batterham, B. Ripper, M. C. Hung
Peter Williams
This study with Australian consumers investigated how appealing different health claims combined with particular food carriers were to Australian consumers, and compared the results of a similar study with Dutch consumers. 149 shoppers considered up to 30 different food concepts, rating how ‘attractive’, ‘believable’, and ‘new and different’ they found each concept and their ‘intention to try’. Each variable was significantly related to intention to try (p<0.001) and together explained 56% of the intention score. Claims and carriers independently had a significant effect on ratings of attractiveness and intention to try but, unlike the Dutch study, the carrier was a more important predictor of intention to purchase than the claim. Implications for regulation of health claims for food are discussed.
Care Of An Unresponsive Patient With A Poor Prognosis, Arthur Slutsky, Leonard Hudson, Nancy Dubler, Charles Weijer, Mark Tonelli
Care Of An Unresponsive Patient With A Poor Prognosis, Arthur Slutsky, Leonard Hudson, Nancy Dubler, Charles Weijer, Mark Tonelli
Charles Weijer
No abstract provided.
Helsinki Discords: Fda, Ethics, And International Drug Trials, Jonathan Kimmelman, Charles Weijer, Eric Meslin
Helsinki Discords: Fda, Ethics, And International Drug Trials, Jonathan Kimmelman, Charles Weijer, Eric Meslin
Charles Weijer
No abstract provided.
A Comparison Of Journal Instructions Regarding Institutional Review Board Approval And Conflict-Of-Interest Disclosure Between 1995 And 2005, Anne Rowan-Legg, Charles Weijer, J. Gao, C. Fernandez
A Comparison Of Journal Instructions Regarding Institutional Review Board Approval And Conflict-Of-Interest Disclosure Between 1995 And 2005, Anne Rowan-Legg, Charles Weijer, J. Gao, C. Fernandez
Charles Weijer
OBJECTIVES: To compare 2005 and 1995 ethics guidelines from journal editors to authors regarding requirements for institutional review board (IRB) approval and conflict-of-interest (COI) disclosure.
DESIGN: A descriptive study of the ethics guidelines published in 103 English-language biomedical journals listed in the Abridged Index Medicus in 1995 and 2005. Each journal was reviewed by the principal author and one of four independent reviewers.
RESULTS: During the period, the proportion of journals requiring IRB approval increased from 42% (95% CI 32.2% to 51.2%, p<0.001) to 76% (95% CI 66.4% to 83.1%, p<0.001). In 2005, an additional 9% referred to the Declaration of Helsinki or the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors' Uniform requirements for ethical guidelines; 15% (95% CI 8.5% to 22.5%, p<0.01) provided ambiguous or no requirements. The proportion of journals requiring COI disclosure increased from 75% (95% CI 66.6% to 83.3%, p<0.05) to 94% (95% CI 89.4% to 98.6%, p<0.05); 41% had comprehensive requirements, while some addressed only funding source (6%), were vague (10%) or both (14%). Criteria for authorship rose from 40% (95% CI 30.5% to 49.5%, p<0.05) to 72% (95% CI 63.3% to 80.7%, p<0.05). Journals with higher impact factors were more likely to require IRB approval (p<0.01). Journals in anaesthesia and radiology all required IRB approval; requirements in other disciplines varied.
CONCLUSIONS: Instructions to authors regarding ethical standards have improved. Some remain incomplete, especially regarding the scope of …
0.001)>Introduction, Oonagh Corrigan, John Mcmillan, Charles Weijer
Introduction, Oonagh Corrigan, John Mcmillan, Charles Weijer
Charles Weijer
This introductory chapter begins with a brief explanation of the impetus behind the book as well as its objectives. It then discusses the history of consent and the challenges for informed consent. An overview of the subsequent chapters is presented.
Messengers From The Past, Anastasia Tsaliki
Messengers From The Past, Anastasia Tsaliki
Anastasia Tsaliki
Participation in this documentary directed by Gianni Minelli and produced by Zeeva Production in English and in Italian.
"On September 26th, 1997, a violent earthquake shook central Italy. The effects were devastating. Television stations from all over the world broadcasted images of the incomparable artistic heritage that risked being destroyed forever. In Monsanpolo del Tronto, a small town in the Marches, the earthquake damaged the beautiful church Maria Santissima Assunta. A few years later, during the restoration of the church, a sensational discovery was made: twenty perfectly preserved mummies from the middle of the sixteenth century wearing their original clothes. …
The Limits Of Consent: A Socio-Ethical Approach To Human Subject Research In Medicine, Oonagh Corrigan, John Mcmillan, Kathleen Liddell, Martin Richards, Charles Weijer
The Limits Of Consent: A Socio-Ethical Approach To Human Subject Research In Medicine, Oonagh Corrigan, John Mcmillan, Kathleen Liddell, Martin Richards, Charles Weijer
Charles Weijer
Since its inception as an international requirement to protect patients and healthy volunteers taking part in medical research, informed consent has become the primary consideration in research ethics. Despite the ubiquity of consent, however, scholars have begun to question its adequacy for contemporary biomedical research. This book explores this issue, reviewing the application of consent to genetic research, clinical trials, and research involving vulnerable populations. For example, in genetic research, information obtained from an autonomous research participant may have significant bearing on the interests of family members who have not consented to the study. This casts doubt on the adequacy …
Swedish Caregivers’ Attitudes Towards Caesarean Section On Maternal Request, Jan Thomas, Regina Engström-Olofsson, Astrid Nystedt, Ingegerd Hildingsson
Swedish Caregivers’ Attitudes Towards Caesarean Section On Maternal Request, Jan Thomas, Regina Engström-Olofsson, Astrid Nystedt, Ingegerd Hildingsson
Jan Thomas
No abstract provided.
Trust And Exploitation In Clinical Research, Paul Miller, Charles Weijer
Trust And Exploitation In Clinical Research, Paul Miller, Charles Weijer
Charles Weijer
This chapter attempts to derive, define, and specify norms governing the relationship between physician-researcher and patient-subject, and to explore their interconnection. It argues that rooting the relationship between physician-researcher and patient-subject in a normative theory of trust is promising. It enables the derivation, definition, and specification of norms governing the relationship and appreciation of their interconnection.
Working Words: Representation And Reflection Of Two Former Sex Trade Workers Covering The Pickton Trial In Vancouver, British Columbia, D. Baldwin, Treena Orchard
Working Words: Representation And Reflection Of Two Former Sex Trade Workers Covering The Pickton Trial In Vancouver, British Columbia, D. Baldwin, Treena Orchard
Dr. Treena Orchard
No abstract provided.