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Articles 1 - 30 of 76
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
A Comparison Of The Effects Of Heat Therapy And Exercise Training On Vascular Function During Passive And Active Exercise, Taysom Erica Wallace
A Comparison Of The Effects Of Heat Therapy And Exercise Training On Vascular Function During Passive And Active Exercise, Taysom Erica Wallace
Theses and Dissertations
Recent evidence suggests that heat, a major byproduct of exercise, may be the mediator for many vascular adaptations that come from exercise. Thus, heat therapy that increases muscle temperature in a comparable way to exercise may be an advantageous alternative for enhancing cardiovascular health in individuals where treatment with exercise is either not possible or undesired. PURPOSE: Compare the effects of exercise and heat training on resistance artery function at rest and during exercise. METHODS: Thirty-five (18 female) healthy, untrained subjects completed a 6-week training program utilizing either high intensity knee extension (KE) exercise (40 min), localized heat therapy (pulsed …
Identifying And Knocking Out Non-Visual Opsins In The Optic Tectum Of Zebrafish Larvae, Sarah Jarrett
Identifying And Knocking Out Non-Visual Opsins In The Optic Tectum Of Zebrafish Larvae, Sarah Jarrett
Undergraduate Honors Theses
Deep brain photoreceptors (DBPs) are non-visual photoreceptors found in the brains of non-mammalian vertebrates like zebrafish. While using optogenetic techniques in our lab to photo-activate the ear (by expressing the light-gated channel: channelrhodopsin) in efforts of identifying optic tectum (OT) neurons that respond to and integrate auditory and visual stimuli, we found that violet light was able to elicit OT neuronal activity. OT activity was also detected in cases when visual and auditory stimulation was not possible due to removal of the eyes and absence of the exogenously expressed channelrhodopsin, respectively. Analyzing OT single-cell sequencing data of 7day post fertilization …
Effects Of Catharanthine On Dopamine Release In The Nucleus Accumbens And Ethanol Consumption, Emily Baldwin
Effects Of Catharanthine On Dopamine Release In The Nucleus Accumbens And Ethanol Consumption, Emily Baldwin
Undergraduate Honors Theses
This thesis discusses the history of catharanthine and related compounds, and their potential anti-addictive properties. Current research is exploring possible mechanisms of these properties. Past studies have found catharanthine has effects on neurons that project to the mesocorticolimbic system, an area implicated in addiction. We have seen that catharanthine decreases evoked dopamine (DA) release but increases basal DA release. This is the first study to investigate catharanthine’s effect on DA transmission in vivo. Using microdialysis, we determined the effect of catharanthine on DA in the nucleus accumbens of the striatum. This study determines the effect of different doses of …
Restricted Microbial Presence, Activity, And Community Structuring Within Dry Valley Soils Of Antarctica, Scott Fillerup George
Restricted Microbial Presence, Activity, And Community Structuring Within Dry Valley Soils Of Antarctica, Scott Fillerup George
Theses and Dissertations
The McMurdo Dry Valley region is the largest ice-free area of Antarctica. Harsh abiotic conditions of the polar desert ecosystem, including extreme cold, aridity, and limited nutrient availability select for unique taxa. The comparatively simple terrestrial ecosystem is well-suited for investigating edaphic influences on microbial presence, activity, and community structuring. The Dry Valleys are viewed as a useful analog for Mars astrobiology investigations. However, most biotic investigations have been focused on lower elevations, where an understanding of edaphic effects on microbial communities within its generally more favorable conditions has emerged. Transiently wetted Dry Valley water tracks may be analogous to …
Utilizing Isothermal Titration Calorimetry For Measuring Beta-Galactosidase Activity In Liquid Dairy Products, Eliza Anne Brock
Utilizing Isothermal Titration Calorimetry For Measuring Beta-Galactosidase Activity In Liquid Dairy Products, Eliza Anne Brock
Theses and Dissertations
This research explores Isothermal Titration Calorimetry as a method for measuring beta-galactosidase activity directly and continuously in milk, sweet whey, sweet whey permeate, acid whey, and acid whey permeate. Beta-galactosidase in various concentrations was injected into each of the liquid dairy products spiked with lactose to verify if the heat rate from the enzymatic reaction could be observed. In addition, a consistent concentration of beta-galactosidase was injected into various concentrations of lactose in the products, to observe the heat rates from the enzymatic reaction. There was exothermic activity that never returned to baseline demonstrated in milk, sweet whey, and sweet …
Characterization Of Bacteriophage Targeting Bacillus Licheniformis In Milk Processes And Thermal Stability Of Bacteriophage During Htst Pasteurization, Jeremy Robert Arbon
Characterization Of Bacteriophage Targeting Bacillus Licheniformis In Milk Processes And Thermal Stability Of Bacteriophage During Htst Pasteurization, Jeremy Robert Arbon
Theses and Dissertations
An array of Bacillus licheniformis strains were isolated from a commercial powdered milk process. Bacteriophages exhibiting activity against B. licheniformis were isolated from cattle manure and effluent samples destined for a lagoon at a dairy farm. After sequencing, 8 of the 10 phages were found to be novel and genetically differentiated. Transmission electron scanning microscopy (TSEM) was performed. All bacteriophages were of the family Herelleviridae with contractile tail sheaths ranging from 80µm to 150µm and, surprisingly, survived a common fluid milk processing treatment used to inactivate vegetative cells. The survival of the phage after high temperature short time pasteurization of …
Mixture Design Response Surface Methodology Analysis Of Seven Natural Bioactive Compounds To Treat Prostate Cancer, Ian Geddes Berlin
Mixture Design Response Surface Methodology Analysis Of Seven Natural Bioactive Compounds To Treat Prostate Cancer, Ian Geddes Berlin
Theses and Dissertations
Natural bioactive compounds have drawn the interest of many researchers worldwide in their effort to find novel treatments, including prostate cancer (PC) treatment which is estimated to be 13.1% of all new cancer cases in the U.S. in 2021. Many of these bioactive compounds have been identified from treatments in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), that often have multiple bioactive compounds present. However, in vitro studies frequently focus on the compounds in isolation, or in simple combinations of two compounds. We used mixture design response surface methodology (MDRSM) to assess changes in PC cell viability after 48 hours of treatment to …
Phylogeny And Visual System Evolution In Sap Beetles (Coleoptera: Cucujoidea: Nitidulidae), Gareth S. Powell
Phylogeny And Visual System Evolution In Sap Beetles (Coleoptera: Cucujoidea: Nitidulidae), Gareth S. Powell
Theses and Dissertations
Coleoptera is currently the most diverse lineage of life on Earth with more than 400,000 described species. The group also contains unbelievable ecological and morphological variation that has been evolving since the early Carboniferous (>350 MYA). The group provides the perfect playground to test evolutionary hypotheses with large-scale phylogenies. First, a newly developed bioinformatics tool is presented that allows for the critical assessment of the stability of phylogenetic nodes with even minor changes in taxon sampling (i.e. a single taxon jackknifed). The tool, TANOS, is capable of performing tests on large genomics-scale datasets. The case study included is a …
Cyanobacteria And Phytoplankton Responses To Nutrients In Deep-Water Montane Reservoirs, Madeleine Paige Malmfeldt
Cyanobacteria And Phytoplankton Responses To Nutrients In Deep-Water Montane Reservoirs, Madeleine Paige Malmfeldt
Theses and Dissertations
Mountains play an important role in providing water resources from snow and ice to downstream urban population centers. In Utah, USA, nearly 86% of the state's population resides in the rapidly growing urban corridor along the Wasatch Front. Water along the Wasatch Front is stored in several deep reservoirs in the Provo River Watershed. Additions of nutrients, into these reservoirs, may stimulate the growth of primary producers (e.g., total phytoplankton and cyanobacteria) potentially attenuating water quality. To determine the influence of nutrients on primary producers in the Provo River's reservoirs, identify whether cyanobacteria are transported downstream, and quantify nutrient thresholds …
Understanding Factors Influencing Seed Germination Of Seven Wildflowers In Sub-Alpine Ecosystems, Alyssa Joy Brown
Understanding Factors Influencing Seed Germination Of Seven Wildflowers In Sub-Alpine Ecosystems, Alyssa Joy Brown
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis explores the seed germination of seven wildflowers native to sub-alpine ecosystems. Wildflowers are an essential functional group in native plant ecosystems. Also known as forbs, these plants offer a myriad of benefits in addition to being aesthetically pleasing. They provide habitats for anthropods and small mammals, support native pollinator populations, and grow well with other plant functional groups (especially perennial grasses and shrubs). Healthy plant communities make use of the limited resources in our native ecosystems, competing with invasive species that can otherwise dominate the landscape. Germination involves the transition from seed to an actively growing plant. Following …
Investigating The Influence Of Available Drinking Water On Wildlife In Utah's West Desert, Danielle K. Finlayson
Investigating The Influence Of Available Drinking Water On Wildlife In Utah's West Desert, Danielle K. Finlayson
Theses and Dissertations
The availability of water is a limiting resource for many wildlife species in arid and semi- arid environments. Free water is essential for critical life stages for numerous species, including migration, reproduction, survival, and habitat selection. Riparian areas in the desert occur relatively infrequently, but support a disproportionally large percentage of plant and wildlife species found in arid environments. Our study covered two aspects of water use in the west desert of Utah. The first was assessing the impacts of nonnative ungulates (specifically feral horses and cattle) on natural springs, and how they influenced water quality, vegetation, and wildlife diversity …
Saprotrophy Among Endophytic Fungi, Emily Marissa Weatherhead
Saprotrophy Among Endophytic Fungi, Emily Marissa Weatherhead
Theses and Dissertations
Endophytic fungi have been found in every terrestrial plant investigated thus far. They can receive nutritional benefits from their host tissues. Two major modes of nutrition for endophytic fungi include biotrophy and saprotrophy. In chapter 1, I set out to determine whether endophytic fungi isolated from Quercus gambelii in Utah, USA were capable of saprotrophy and, if some were, how much variation in saprotrophic ability exists among them. Because saprotrophy requires moisture and, in Utah, moisture is largely unavailable outside winter and early spring, in chapter 2 I set out to determine if any of our isolated endophytic fungi were …
Identifying Sinorhizobium Meliloti Genes That Determine Fitness Outcomes, Alexander B. Benedict
Identifying Sinorhizobium Meliloti Genes That Determine Fitness Outcomes, Alexander B. Benedict
Theses and Dissertations
The remarkable metabolic capacity of the soil-dwelling bacterium Sinorhizobium meliloti is encoded on its three circular replicons: the chromosome and two large megaplasmids, pSymA and pSymB. Despite making up 45% of the genome, the pSymA and pSymB megaplasmids can be cured from S. meliloti. This unique attribute provides an opportunity to study the essentiality of chromosomal genes in the presence or absence of nearly half the genome. By interrogating chromosomal genes via massively parallel transposon insertion sequencing (Tn-seq) in the presence and absence of pSymA and pSymB, we identified 307 genes as being essential for viability regardless of the genomic …
Teach And Question Data, Rachel Tomco Novak
Teach And Question Data, Rachel Tomco Novak
ScholarsArchive Data
Data collected from a Teach-and-Question assignment in 11 sections of an introductory science course, during Winter semester 2021.
Hybrid Bermudagrass And Kentucky Bluegrass Response Under Deficit Irrigation In A Semi-Arid, Cool Season Climate, Hanna R. Burgin
Hybrid Bermudagrass And Kentucky Bluegrass Response Under Deficit Irrigation In A Semi-Arid, Cool Season Climate, Hanna R. Burgin
Theses and Dissertations
As average global temperatures rise, cool-season C3 turfgrasses, such as the most commonly grown Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.; KBG), struggle to tolerate extreme summer heat and increase their water consumption. Hybrid Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon [L.] Pers. × Cynodon transvaalensis Burtt Davy; HBG) is a warm-season C4 grass that may be increasingly suited for northern ecosystems traditionally classified as transition or cool-season climate zones. Glasshouse and field studies were conducted to compare HBG and KBG water use. The objective of the glasshouse study was to evaluate plant health and growth for two HBG cultivars (‘DT-1’ and ‘NorthBridge’) compared to a …
Phylogenetic Relationships Of Genera In The Caddisfly Family Limnephilidae Using Anchored Hybrid Enrichment-Based Phylogenomic Analysis (Insecta:Trichoptera), Kyle Charles Rawlinson
Phylogenetic Relationships Of Genera In The Caddisfly Family Limnephilidae Using Anchored Hybrid Enrichment-Based Phylogenomic Analysis (Insecta:Trichoptera), Kyle Charles Rawlinson
Theses and Dissertations
Limnephilidae is a large family within Trichoptera, consisting of 4 subfamilies (Dicosmoecinae, Ecclisomyiinae, Limnephilinae, and Philocascinae), 98 genera, and 1178 species. It is among the most diverse families within Trichoptera. It is also ecologically diverse, occupying more habitats than any other family in the order. There are currently no published generic phylogenies of Limnephilidae based on molecular data. Here we used anchored hybrid enrichment to capture and sequence 922 loci for 57 species taken from what have been considered the full range of genera in the family. We expanded the taxon sampling by adding supplementary species with DNA barcodes, 28S …
Trichloroethylene Remediation By Engineered Soil Bacteria, Madeline Hannah Mclaughlin Armond
Trichloroethylene Remediation By Engineered Soil Bacteria, Madeline Hannah Mclaughlin Armond
Theses and Dissertations
Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a toxic pollutant that has become a widespread problem by seeping into groundwater across the developed world. Clean-up of sites contaminated with TCE is extremely difficult due to the absence of an efficient and cost-effective method for clean-up. Bioremediation efforts include a variety of potential microbial candidates with various metabolic capabilities as clean up options of contaminated sites. Cupriavidus necator, a soil bacterium was found to possess the ability to degrade TCE via a phenol-dependent pathway. Previous research by Ayoubi and Harker (1998) created a strain (MM02) capable of constitutive TCE degradation but the underlying genetic alteration …
Shaking Up The Immunoglobulin Superfamily, Christopher Mendoza
Shaking Up The Immunoglobulin Superfamily, Christopher Mendoza
Theses and Dissertations
The immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) is a large protein superfamily of membrane and soluble proteins that influence recognition, binding, and adhesion. Among members of this family are cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), which form cell-cell contact points that play key roles in development, cell polarization, and cellular fate. Cadherins (CADs) are calcium-dependent proteins of the adherens junction (AJ), and polarize epithelium and endothelium. The tight junction (TJ) is a multiprotein junctional complex whose function is to control the permeability of the paracellular pathway. At the membrane level, TJs are composed of three types of proteins: claudins (CLDNs), occludin (OCLN) and junctional adhesion …
Encirclement Of Moving Targets Using Noisy Range And Bearing Measurements, Cammy Peterson, Puneet Jain, Randal Beard
Encirclement Of Moving Targets Using Noisy Range And Bearing Measurements, Cammy Peterson, Puneet Jain, Randal Beard
Faculty Publications
This paper presents theoretically justified controllers that use relative range and bearing measurements to steer a team of autonomous vehicles, operating without inertial position information, to circular trajectories around a constant-acceleration, constant-velocity, or stationary target. An extended Kalman filter is used to improve the noisy relative measurements and estimate the velocity of the moving target. These estimated values are used in the control laws to encircle constant-velocity moving targets. Lyapunov techniques are utilized to show that the vehicle will converge to the desired circular formations. Additionally, cooperating vehicles are shown to converge to a circular formation with equal temporal spacing …
Sd2 Ptov1 Interactomics, Joshua Andersen
Sd3 Ptov1 Ptms, Joshua Andersen
Sd1 14-3-3 Interactome For Ptov1 Manuscript, Joshua Andersen
Sd1 14-3-3 Interactome For Ptov1 Manuscript, Joshua Andersen
ScholarsArchive Data
14-3-3 interactome
Sd1 14-3-3 Interactome For Ptov1 Manuscript, Joshua Andersen
Sd1 14-3-3 Interactome For Ptov1 Manuscript, Joshua Andersen
ScholarsArchive Data
Excel data sheet of MS data from 14-3-3 interactomics
Inflammation And Altered Signaling In Obstetric Pathologies, Ya-Fang Tsai
Inflammation And Altered Signaling In Obstetric Pathologies, Ya-Fang Tsai
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this research project was to elucidate the molecular interactions and detail the signaling pathways in obstetric pathologies. This work first seeks to understand inflammation related complications relevant to obstetrics. Prior research in our lab identified the implications of the receptor of advanced glycation end products (RAGE) during inflammatory response in the placenta. Current work identified the presence of DNA double-strand breaks (DNA-DSBs) in inflammation associated pregnancy complications of preeclampsia (PE) and preterm labor (PTL) and demonstrated the positive role of RAGE in repairing the damage. The confluent relevance of disrupted mitochondrial function and inflammation has been recognized …
On The Relationship Of Diabetes And Sleep Apnea: Evolution And Epigenetics, Nancy Wilson
On The Relationship Of Diabetes And Sleep Apnea: Evolution And Epigenetics, Nancy Wilson
Undergraduate Honors Theses
This thesis gives an overview of the relationship between diabetes, sleep apnea, obesity, and heart disease. It then addresses evidence that the traditional understanding of this relationship is incomplete or misleading. In the process, there is a brief discussion of the evolutionary rationale for the development and retention of sleep apnea in light of blood sugar dysregulation, as an adaptive mechanism in response to environmental stressors, followed by a brief overview of the general concepts of epigenetics. Finally, this paper presents the results of a literature search on the epigenetic marks and changes in gene expression found in sleep apnea …
Facing Fears When Fearing Faces: Binocular Rivalry Perceptual Alternation And Approach-Avoidance In College-Aged Women With Autistic Traits And A History Of Adverse Experiences, Sarah Kamhout
Undergraduate Honors Theses
Women with Autism Spectrum Conditions (ASCs) may be more likely to experience symptoms of trauma exposure due to greater likelihood of facing adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). In order to gain a better understanding of the neural mechanisms involved with ASC and PTSD in women who experience difficulty with social interactions, I examined the ability of two vision tasks-- Binocular Rivalry Perceptual Alternation (BR) and Visual Approach/Avoidance by the Self Task (VAAST)-- to predict symptoms of both conditions as well as differentiate between them. I also examined differences in response to neutral or emotional (angry or fearful) faces under both paradigms. …
The Beneficial Effects Of The Gut-Derived Metabolite Trimethylamine N-Oxide On Functional Β-Cell Mass, Emily Suzanne Krueger
The Beneficial Effects Of The Gut-Derived Metabolite Trimethylamine N-Oxide On Functional Β-Cell Mass, Emily Suzanne Krueger
Theses and Dissertations
Elevated serum levels of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) were first associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) 10 years ago. Research has since defined that serum TMAO accumulation is controlled by the diet-microbiome-liver-kidney axis. Choline related nutrients are consumed in excess during over-nutrition from a Western diet. The resultant elevated serum TMAO is investigated across various chronic metabolic diseases and many tissue types. While TMAO is most clearly linked to CVD mechanisms in vascular tissue, its molecular effects on metabolic tissues are unclear. Here we report the current standing of TMAO research in metabolic disease context across relevant metabolic tissues …
Pre-Columbian Cultivation Of Agave Species Through Rock Mulching: Potential For Modern Applications, Hector Genaro Ortiz Cano
Pre-Columbian Cultivation Of Agave Species Through Rock Mulching: Potential For Modern Applications, Hector Genaro Ortiz Cano
Theses and Dissertations
As global temperatures rise, cultivation of C3 and C4 crops in arid and semi-arid regions will face major challenges in producing biomass for billions of people. Conventional agricultural techniques that require copious irrigation will need to be complemented with dryland-farming techniques and drought-tolerant crops, such as those from the Agave genus, which use CAM photosynthesis. In the past and present, humans from arid and semi-arid regions of America have maintained a symbiotic relationship using and cultivating Agave (Agavoideae, Asparagaceae). In pre-Columbian times, Native Americans from arid regions relied on Agave cultivation as a subsistence crop to produce food, medicine, and …
Fire And Rodent Consumer Effects On Plant Community Assembly And Invasion In North American Deserts, Rebekah L. Stanton
Fire And Rodent Consumer Effects On Plant Community Assembly And Invasion In North American Deserts, Rebekah L. Stanton
Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation explores the differential effects of fires and rodent communities on native and invasive desert plant communities. Chapter one examines the impacts of fire and repeat fires on fuel loads in two different Utah desert sites, one in the cool Great Basin Desert and one in the hyper-arid Mojave Desert, over the course of four years. We found that both desert sites responded with varying intensities to a single burn, but the effects of a reburn were not as pronounced. We also found that our Great Basin Desert site had a stronger response to fire than our Mojave Desert …
Monitoring Domestic Sheep Energy Requirements And Habitat Selection On Summer Mountain Range Using Low-Cost Gps Collar Technology, Elizabeth M. Baum
Monitoring Domestic Sheep Energy Requirements And Habitat Selection On Summer Mountain Range Using Low-Cost Gps Collar Technology, Elizabeth M. Baum
Theses and Dissertations
With the advent of global position system (GPS) collar technology, we have developed a much greater understanding of the temporal and spatial distribution of livestock and their associated grazing patterns. While significant research using GPS collars has been reported for cattle, little research is available describing collar use in understanding the behavior of domestic sheep. The purpose of our research was to evaluate the energy requirements of sheep with the use of GPS collars. To accomplish this, we adapted a low-cost i-gotU GPS tracking device that is typically designed for cattle and modified it to fit sheep. Each collar was …