Life Sciences Commons^™

The Effects Of Molecular Weight And Degree Of Substitution Of Cationic Starch On The Sizing Efficiency Of Alkenyl Succinic Anhydride, George T. Nebel

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Alkenyl Succinic Anhydride (ASA) is a cellulose reactive size used in neutral to alkaline papermaking. Since ASA exists as an oil at room temperature, it must be emulsified in cationic starch to make it compatible with the aqueous wet and environment.

The advantages of using a cationic starch in an ASA sizing system include improved retention of fines, filler, and size; improved sizing efficiency; and improved strength. Mill and laboratory experience has shown, however, that cationic potato starch is superior to corn starch. Their are two main differences between potato starch and corn starch: (1) potato starch typically has a …

Comparison Of Electron And Light Microscopy Of Chromosome Aberration Induced In Human Lymphocytes By Adriamycin And Mitomycin C, Abbas Parsian

Dissertations

The present study was designed to develop a technique to prepare human chromosomes for sequential light and electron microscopic observation and to compare detectability of chromosome aberrations induced by adriamycin and mitomycin C by the two procedures. The technique developed preserved the morphological and structural organization of chromosome while allowing observation of the cell's entire chromosome complement. It was rapid and reproducible and chromosomes could be treated and stained for banding.

Light microscopic data showed that in cultures of human lymphocytes both drugs induce chromosome aberrations. In comparison with controls both drugs produced significantly more chromosome and chromatid fragments. Electron …

The Effects Of Strain Differences On The Binding Of Concavalian A To Mouse Sperm, Lisa A. Mckay

Honors Theses

The current study, lectins were used as genetic probes to determine the phenotype of the sperm from different strains of mice. Lectins are proteins of non-immune origin, which bind to specific carbohydrates (McCoy, 1986). Being that virtually all cell membranes contain carbohydrate components, lectins have been used to identify all types of cells. In this study, a biotinylated lectin Concavalian A (Con A) derived from Canavalia ensiformis, was used and binding was detected using an avidin-biotin peroxidase (ABP) complex technique. The object of the current research was to 1) determine if mouse strain differences have an effect on lectin binding, …

A Study Of The Staining Techniques Of Secondary Fibers For The Qualitative Analysis Of Contaminants, Susan M. Soltis

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Identification of the contaminants present in secondary fibers would aid in the reduction of the stickies problem common to the secondary fiber Industry. Presently, Identification and quantitative analysis of stickies is difficult. The staining characteristics of the hotmelts and latexes were studied and used to complete a flow chart analysis of a sample to determine the type and quantity of contaminants. Dupont '4 and Superlitefast Brilliant Blue dyes were shown to stain the hotmelts. Analysis of a sample through the flow chart developed for this thesis would determine the type and quantity of contaminants present. These results may be used …

The Effects Of Alum At Different Ph Levels On Asa Sizing, James A. Farrand

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Alkenyl succinic anhydride (ASA) is a cellulose reactive size used in neutral to alkaline sizing. ASA is emulsified in cationic starch to help retain the ASA on the fiber and to protect the ASA from hydrolysis. The stability of the ASA emulsion is largely dependent upon temperature, pH, and shear.

While one of the advantages of alkaline papermaking is the elimination of aluminium from the process water, the addition of small amounts of alum has proven beneficial to some mills running ASA size. The advantages claimed by using alum are: improved sizing, improved retention, and improved runnability.

The aluminum species …

The Determination Of An Optimum Brownstock Washwater By Laboratory Analysis, Bradley D. Berger

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The optimum displacement of black liquor in a Kraft pulp by a washwater can mean greater chemical recovery, reduced environmental impact, and less evaporator steam consumption. A laboratory apparatus was developed and used to test various washwaters to determine if any were more efficient at displacing the black liquor in a pad of Kraft pulp. These washwaters included tapwater, tapwater with varying amounts of a polyacrylamide polymer, and washwaters collected from various areas of a paper mill. The data generated in this project were used to calculate substance yield, dilution factor, and mobility ratio. There appeared to be no significant …

Sticky Control During Pulping Of Secondary Fibers, Gary Lancour

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The thesis:: experiment attempted to show the effect talc and bentonite had on reducing the reagglomeration of sticky particles, and to discover which of the 2 fillers was more effective.

Trials were made using the mechanical action of the blender and heat to break up and disperse the hot-melt adhesive. Talc or bentonite was then added and tested to determine their effectiveness on the subsequent reagglomeration of sticky particles during mixing.

It was shown that as addition of either talc or bentonite gave a significant reduction in the reagglomeration of the hot-melt adhesive particles.

Results showed that bentonite gave better …

Yeast Mannans: Use As A Transport Vehicle For Peptides, Jacqueline Cesario Lee

Masters Theses

Yeast mannans are phosphorylated glycopeptides found in various species of yeast. Their similarity to the mannose-phosphate signal for intracellular lysosomal uptake led mannans to be considered as a possible vehicle for increasing cellular affinity for peptides. Insulin was used as a model peptide and was conjugated to mannans by two coupling methods. The conjugated mannan-insulins were compared to insulin on the basis of cellular binding and ability to induce typical insulin biological effects.

Strain Differences And Mutagen Treatment Influence Lectin Binding To Mouse Germ Cells, Marilyn Schmalz Holm

Masters Theses

Carbohydrate moieties on mouse germ cell surfaces were characterized by investigating the binding of FITC-labeled lectins to sperm and testis cells. Differences in lectin binding between different mouse strains, including T/t mice, were found. However, there was no evidence for the involvement of sialic acid or L-fucose in the T/t locus antigens. Antiserum to the t⁰, t⁶ haplotype was equally reactive to both ICR and T/t mouse testis cells in both immunofluorescence and cytotoxicity assays. Trypsinization of testis cells increased binding of soybean agglutinin and decreased binding of wheat germ agglutinin.

A method was developed for flow …