Life Sciences Commons^™

Effects Of Acid Ph On Embryonic And Juvenile Freshwater Fish, Barbara A. Ramey, Lee E. Colton

KWRRI Research Reports

The effects of sulfuric acid on embryos, larvae, and juvenile fish were examined using standard bioassay techniques, as well as in a preference/ avoidance behavioral test. The objectives were to compare the sensitivities of the various ages of fish to acid and to assess the use of the behavioral test in a hazard assessment program. In an 8-day static renewal bioassay, embryos and larvae of the fathead minnow were not affected at a pH of 4.92 and above, but pH 3.57 produced complete mortality prior to hatching. In 96- hr acute bioassays, 8-wk juvenile fathead minnows survived 100% at pH's …

Abatement Of Nitrate Pollution In Groundwater And Surface Runoff From Cropland Using Legume Cover Crops With No-Till Corn, M. Scott Smith, Jac J. Varco

KWRRI Research Reports

Agricultural practices can have a significant impact on water quality. The effects of leguminous winter cover crops on leaching of NO^-₃; from soil have been investigated in this project. Legume cover crops, by fixation of atmospheric N, can reduce the amount of fertilizer N required to produce summer grain crops. The methods initially used to evaluate cover crop effects on No; transport included suction probe lysimeters and measurement of NO^-₃; in soil samples collected to a depth of 90 cm. These measurements demonstrated extreme spatial variability in NO^-₃; distribution and water …

Production Of Aflatoxin On Damaged Corn Under Controlled Environmental Conditions, D. M. Wieman, G. M. White, Joseph L. Taraba, I. J. Ross, Clair L. Hicks, Bruce E. Langlois

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

Aflatoxin B₁ production by Aspergillus flavus (NRRL 6432) was determined on physically damaged corn stored at 35,25 and 20°C and at relative humidities of 97 and 92%. Production at lower relative humidities of 80 and 85% were also tested at 25°C. Production lag times were significantly different for all test conditions. Lag times ranged from 46 h at 97% relative humidity and 35°C to 173. 8 h at 20°C and 92% relative humidity. Aflatoxin B, concentration doubled every 6 to 10 hours after a level of 10 ppb had been reached. Production rate constants were not significantly different between …

In-The-Row Subsoiling Of Tobacco, Lloyd W. Murdock, George Everette, Ted Howard, Bill Green, Richard Barnhisel

Agronomy Notes

Tobacco is probably more adversely affected by soil compaction than, the other crops grown in Kentucky. ThIs Is due to the characteristIcs of the plant and the unusual cultural practIces under which it is grown.

Soil compaction increases soil density while reducing pore space and root penetration. The reduced pore space reduces the aeration of the soil, which reduces tobacco growth especially during wet periods. The effects of soil compaction on tobacco are due to both impedance of root growth and lack of aeration.

1986 Update Of Agronomic And Animal Performance Of Different Tall Fescue Varieties, Paul B. Burrus Ii, Robert C. Buckner, James A. Boling, Lowell P. Bush, N. Gay, R. W. Hemken, Garry D. Lacefield, J. Kenneth Evans, M. R. Siegel

Agronomy Notes

The objective of the tall fescue breeding program at the University of Kentucky is the development of varieties characterized by superior nutritive value (including reduced levels of perloline and loline alkaloids), minimal infestation of the fungal endophyte, Acremonium coenophialum), higher palatability, improved disease resistance, and wider adaptation through the derivation of intergeneric and interspecific hybrids of ryegrass and tall fescue species. Kentucky 31, Kenwell, and Kenhy were varieties released from this breeding program. Johnstone tall fescue, developed cooperatively by the Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station and USDA-ARS, is the most recently released variety. It is characterized as having low levels of …

Effect Of Tillage Tools On Improving Corn Yields From A Compacted Soil, Kenneth L. Wells, John H. Grove, Morris J. Bitzer, B. C. Milam

Agronomy Notes

An experiment was conducted on a 2-5% sloping Mercer silt loam soil on a farm in Bourbon/Harrison Counties where very poor corn was grown in 1984 because of soil compaction and drought. Soil test levels of the experimental area were: pH 4.8. and 99, 316, 2070. and 120 lbs/A of P, K, Ca, and Mg, respectively. Examination of the field showed that the compacted zone occurred uniformly in the 0-5 inch surface layer of soil. Cause of this compacted layer was thought to be due to excessive disk tillage in prior years when preparing the field for tobacco production and …

Grain Sorghum And Soybean Variety Tests On Reconstructed Prime Land - 1985, R. I. Barnhisel, Morris J. Bitzer, William O. Thom

Agronomy Notes

Prime farmland disturbed by surface mining must by law be returned to a productivity level equal to that before mining. The coal operator has several test crops that can be selected to determine whether these production standards have been met before final bond release will be made. Grain sorghum and soybeans are two of the crops that may be used. The purposes of this research are (1) to determine the crop yield potential of restored prime farmland from surface mined areas, (2) to determine varietal adaptation on restored prime farmland as compared to non-mined prime farmland, and (3) to provide …

Marketing Kentucky Hay, J. Kenneth Evans

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

That more income is needed by Kentucky farmers is a well established and accepted fact. Although, the tobacco program appears to be yet viable, we have long needed to supplement the tobacco income with income from the remainder of the farm. I think this audience is also well aware of the potential· for producing hay in Kentucky, particularly alfalfa. Estimates in the University of Kentucky potential study indicate that we could have in this state two million acres of alfalfa with a projected potential income of a billion dollars a year generated for our farmers.

This potential income should not …

Optimum Utilization Of Alfalfa In Horses, Stephen G. Jackson

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

When considering forage utilization in horses one must consider principally two factors; 1) forage quality and 2) the relationship between voluntary intake of a forage and a particular class of horses nutrient needs.

Optimum Utilization Of Alfalfa In Sheep Rations, G. L.M. Chappell

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

The unique qualities of alfalfa as a forage afford the progressive sheep producer many opportunities to develop efficient sheep feeding programs. As a grazed sward, as hay or silage, alfalfa can be utilized in a variety of ways. The following points should be considered in developing programs using alfalfa.

Maximizing Alfalfa Hay In Beef Feeding Programs, W. Roy Burris, Garry D. Lacefield

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

Beef cattle comprise the largest group of forage and hay users in Kentucky. Because of their ability to utilize large amounts of low quality roughage, they are sometimes relegated to that role exclusively. There are many instances in beef production when alfalfa hay can be utilized because of its high protein content. The value of alfalfa hay in a beef operation can be estimated by the protein and energy that it furnishes.

Maximizing Alfalfa In Dairy Feeding Programs, Dan O. Riddell

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

Alfalfa is an excellent feed for dairy cows. When used properly, alfalfa can help cut cost of production and increase level of production. However, like everything else, the feeding of alfalfa needs to be managed to maximize efficient production. There are three key steps involved in maximizing alfalfa in a dairy feeding program. These are:

1. harvest alfalfa at the proper stage of maturity
2. know what the alfalfa contains and feed accordingly
3. get the alfalfa to the cows that need it.

Hay Quality Evaluation, William C. Templeton Jr.

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

During the last few years there have been several developments related to hay quality evaluation and marketing. In this presentation I shall briefly review these and indicate some of the implications for producers, vendors, purchasers and users of alfalfa hay.

Reducing Hay Losses — From Standing Crop Through Storage, Michael Collins

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

Alfalfa management for maximum economic productivity is quite complex. Many factors ranging from cultivar selection and establishment to storage and feeding must be considered. In some cases these factors, yield and quality of a particular cutting of forage for example, are negatively correlated. Following good establishment of an adapted cultivar, cutting management has important effects on forage yield, forage quality, stand persistence, weed encroachment and other important responses. Maturity stage at the time of cutting greatly affects quality. After cutting, hay curing, packaging and storage conditions also affect quality. Clearly, in order to achieve the optimum combination of yield and …

No-Till Alfalfa Establishment, Garry D. Lacefield

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

The topic ''No-till Alfalfa" was discussed at the V Annual Alfalfa Conference this past February in Elizabethtown. At that conference, we reported results of demonstrations that had been conducted along with preliminary results of some of the research underway. In the presentation today, I would like to review some of the opportunities for no-till alfalfa and discuss some additional research results.

Herbicides For Alfalfa Weed Control, William W. Witt

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

Numerous herbicides are available for controlling weeds in pure or mixed stands of alfalfa. In addition, these herbicides can be applied at different times and stages of alfalfa growth -from prior to planting to actively growing alfalfa to dormant applications during the winter. To be confident of achieving the desired weed control, it is important to apply alfalfa herbicides at the proper growth stage and rate.

The following tables contain information pertinent to proper utilization of the herbicides to obtain maximum weed control.

Foreword [1986], Garry D. Lacefield

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

This is the front matter of the proceedings.

Hybrid Reactions To Phytotoxic Effects Of The Corn Herbicide, Eradicane Extra, C. G. Poneleit, K. O. Evans, W. W. Witt, R. M. Bullock

Agronomy Notes

Although corn hybrids are primarily evaluated only for yield performance in the Kentucky Hybrid Corn Performance Test, the 1984 test (Poneleit and Evans, 1985) provided a unique opportunity to evaluate hybrid reactions to an unusual hybrid-herbicide interacting Of seven non-virus test locations, four were treated with Eradicane Extra or Eradicane for weed control. At the Princeton location Eradicane Extra, at 8 pints/acre, was used for johnsongrass rhizome suppression and seedling control. In late July, a routine check revealed that numerous plants had unusual appearances that were similar to abnormalities reported earlier as caused by Eptam and Eradicane (Poneleit et aI, …