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1978

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

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Mineral Contents Of Native Bluestem Pastures, L.H. Harbers, J.E. Umoh, D.A. Raiten, V.K. Chaffin Jan 1978

Mineral Contents Of Native Bluestem Pastures, L.H. Harbers, J.E. Umoh, D.A. Raiten, V.K. Chaffin

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Handclipped and esophageal samples of burned and control native bluestem pastures were taken monthly. Burning increased phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg) and decreased iron (Fe). These studies indicate that burned and unburned pastures need to be supplemented with potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), and possibly phosphorus (P) during late fall and winter. A supply of sodium (Na) is necessary continuously.

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Evaluating The Breeding Potential Of Yearling Bulls (Progress Report), L. Corah, G. Kiracofe, V. Bridson, M. Mckee, R.R. Schalles Jan 1978

Evaluating The Breeding Potential Of Yearling Bulls (Progress Report), L. Corah, G. Kiracofe, V. Bridson, M. Mckee, R.R. Schalles

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Although this is based on only ones years' results, it indicates that the breeding potential of yearling bulls can be determined before they are run with a cow herd. In this test one bull sired the majority of the calves and generally was the bull predetermined to be the active breeder. Results of the test suggest that a good, active, breeding yearling bull is capable of breeding more than 12 to 15 cows as is normally recommended. In our studies, one yearling bull sired up to 36 calves in a 45-day breeding season. Possible adverse effects of using a yearling …

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Effect Of Post-Partum Breeding Interval On Conception Rates In Beef Cows, G.H. Kiracofe, Kenneth G. Odde Jan 1978

Effect Of Post-Partum Breeding Interval On Conception Rates In Beef Cows, G.H. Kiracofe, Kenneth G. Odde

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

We analyzed date on 1536 fall calving Angus cows to determine the effect of post-partum breeding interval on conception rates in beef cows. Normal fertility was observed for cows showing heat 40 or more days post-partum.

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Effect Of Using One Versus Two Growth-Promoting Implants During The Suckling Period On The Weaning Weights Of Nursing Calves, L.R. Corah, R.T. Wary, F. Schwartz, M. Mckee, R.R. Schalles Jan 1978

Effect Of Using One Versus Two Growth-Promoting Implants During The Suckling Period On The Weaning Weights Of Nursing Calves, L.R. Corah, R.T. Wary, F. Schwartz, M. Mckee, R.R. Schalles

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Three trials were conducted to study the effect on calf weight gains from using two 36-mg. Ralgro implants during the suckling period. Two Ralgro implants 60 to 90 days apart improved the average weight gain during the suckling period by 39.4, 43, and 46.6 pounds for the three trials. A single Ralgro implant improved suckling gains by 33.5, 22.1, 28.4 and 27.9 lbs. for the four test groups. Ralgro implants used at birth gave the same response as when first used when calves were 4 months old. A 15-mg. DES implant used in trial one improved suckling gains 23.4 lbs. …

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Effect Of Energy Level During Late Gestation On The Performance Of Heifers Calving For The First Time (3 Year Summary), L.R. Corah, A. Fleck, M. Mckee, R.R. Schalles Jan 1978

Effect Of Energy Level During Late Gestation On The Performance Of Heifers Calving For The First Time (3 Year Summary), L.R. Corah, A. Fleck, M. Mckee, R.R. Schalles

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Effect of varying energy levels fed during gestation on reproduction and calf performance were studied in three trials involving 266 first calf heifers. Reducing energy during mid-gestation did not adversely affect the performance of the heifers when they were fed properly for at least 50 days before calving. Heifers on restricted levels of energy during mid-gestation and then elevated tended to have both higher first-service conception rates and total conception rates. Restricting energy throughout the gestation period reduced reproductive performance, causing lighter calves at birth and weaning emphasizing the importance of energy in the diet of first calf heifers.

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Following Half-Season Intensive Grazing On Native Pasture With Alfalfa Or Sudangrass Grazing And/Or Feedlot Finishing, R.M. Helsel, Gerry L. Posler, Jack G. Riley, E.F. Smith, G.M. Ward Jan 1978

Following Half-Season Intensive Grazing On Native Pasture With Alfalfa Or Sudangrass Grazing And/Or Feedlot Finishing, R.M. Helsel, Gerry L. Posler, Jack G. Riley, E.F. Smith, G.M. Ward

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Late summer grazing of alfalfa or sudangrass by cattle coming off half-season, double-stocked native grazing showed no advantage over immediate feedlot finishing. Late-summer grazers gained less in the feedlot and required about the same feeding period as those animals taken to the feedlots in midsummer.

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Weaning Calves Early From Drylot, M. Mckee, G. Fink Jan 1978

Weaning Calves Early From Drylot, M. Mckee, G. Fink

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Percentage Simmental and Hereford calves gained slightly more (13 lbs./hd) while nursing their mothers than 83 herd mates that were weaned early at 49 (+27) days of age. Percentage Simmental cows whose calves were weaned early had a higher conception rate than percentage Simmental cows that nursed calves (93% vs. 89%) Dams of calves weaned early rebred 17.6 days sooner than nursing dams.

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Protein Supplementation For Cows Wintered On Milo Stubble, M. Mckee, K. Kimole, L.R. Corah Jan 1978

Protein Supplementation For Cows Wintered On Milo Stubble, M. Mckee, K. Kimole, L.R. Corah

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Cows in mid-to-late gestation gained significantly (P<.05) more while grazing milo stover supplemented on alternative days with 4 lbs. per head of a natural protein than cows with no protein supplement. Although protein supplementation stimulated extra gain, the cows receiving no protein supplement gained weight and maintained adequate condition for mid-to-late gestation. When quality and quantity of milo stover are satisfactory, satisfactory performance can be achieved by cows in mid-to-late gestation without supplemental protein.

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Sudangrass, Sorghum-Sudan, Forage Sorghum, And Corn Silages And Three Protein Levels For Growing Yearling Steers, W. Thompson, J. Oltjen, K. Bolsen, H. Ilg, Jack G. Riley Jan 1978

Sudangrass, Sorghum-Sudan, Forage Sorghum, And Corn Silages And Three Protein Levels For Growing Yearling Steers, W. Thompson, J. Oltjen, K. Bolsen, H. Ilg, Jack G. Riley

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Sudangrass, sorghum-sudan, forage sorghum, and corn silages were full-fed to yearling steers for 70-or 91-day growing periods. For both periods, steers fed corn silage outperformed steers fed any other silage. In the 70-day period silages from both sudangrass and sorghum-sudan cut at 45- and 60-inch plant heights, respectively, supported performance similar to forage sorghum silage. For both periods steers fed sorghum-sudan (dough) silage gained slowest and least efficiently. For the 91-day period, rations containing 12.0% crude protein supported better performance than rations containing 10.5 or 9% protein and 10.5% protein rations supported better performance than 9% protein rations.

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Milo Stover, Forage Sorghum, And Protein Levels Compared For Growing Calves, K. Bolsen, J. Oltjen, H. Ilg Jan 1978

Milo Stover, Forage Sorghum, And Protein Levels Compared For Growing Calves, K. Bolsen, J. Oltjen, H. Ilg

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Milo stover silage, baled silo stover or forage sorghum silage was fed in 10, 12, or 14% protein rations to 120 calves in a 95-day growing trial, December 9, 1976, to March 14, 1977. Calves fed forage sorghum silage outperformed those fed milo stover silage or baled milo stover. Ensiled and baled milo stover supported similar performances. Calves fed 10% protein gained slower and less efficiently than those fed 12 or 14% protein. Observed gain and efficiency for a ration containing equal parts of milo stover silage and forage sorghum silage exceeded predicted gain and efficiency by 7.8% and 15.4%, …

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The Concept Of Adjusting Energy Level In Maintenance Rations For Cold Weather, D.R. Ames Jan 1978

The Concept Of Adjusting Energy Level In Maintenance Rations For Cold Weather, D.R. Ames

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Nutrient requirements for domestic animals (NRC) published by the National Research Council are the best estimates available. For beef cattle, specific tables are listed for animals of different weights and for various stages of the production cycle. Although these values are useful for many situations, there are instances when they should be adjusted. One needed adjustment is energy requirement for maintenance when cattle are exposed to cold and rate of heat production must increase to compensate for increased heat loss. The two factors that determine the rate of heat loss are: (1) the differences between body temperature and environmental temperature, …

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The Evaluation Of Virginiamycin In Feed As A Treatment For Swine Dysentery In Heavy (More Than 120 Lbs.) Hogs (1978), D A. Schoneweis Jan 1978

The Evaluation Of Virginiamycin In Feed As A Treatment For Swine Dysentery In Heavy (More Than 120 Lbs.) Hogs (1978), D A. Schoneweis

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Virginiamycin at 100 grams per ton of feed was effective as a treatment against swine dysentery. The only pig receiving Virginiamycin that died during treatment had concurrent gangrenous pneumonia --probably the major cause of death. The pigs receiving the feed with Virginiamycin were more alert and ate more than the controls--which resulted in more weight gain and improved feed conversion. The Virginiarnycin did not clear up all signs of dysentery as several pigs continued to have diarrhea. Pigs that had been on Virginiamycin began to break with dysentery six days after the antibiotic was withdrawn and a pig weighing 234 …

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Evaluation Of A Concentrated Milk Replacer And A Vitamin-Amino Acid-Iron-Electrolyte Supplement On Baby Pig Survival And Performance (1978), D A. Schoneweis, Robert H. Hines Jan 1978

Evaluation Of A Concentrated Milk Replacer And A Vitamin-Amino Acid-Iron-Electrolyte Supplement On Baby Pig Survival And Performance (1978), D A. Schoneweis, Robert H. Hines

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Litters offered a concentrated milk replacer and the vitamin amino acid, iron-electrolyte supplement, weighed the same as control litters at day 10, 14, 21, and 28. Blood analysis revealed no difference in packed cell volume, hemoglobin, or plasma protein between litters offered the supplement and control litters. Survival rate from birth to weaning favored the control litters (93.9 or 85.3%), however all nineteen litters used in this study were healthy with very little scours observed.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 9, 1978

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Teat Necrosis In Newborn Gilts (1978), D A. Schoneweis Jan 1978

Teat Necrosis In Newborn Gilts (1978), D A. Schoneweis

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Marked enlargement and edema of the vulva are often noted in newborn gilts. An accompanying, but less conspicuous, lesion is enlarged, engorged mammary glands. Although not fully understood, the changes are thought to result from increased estrogen in sows before they farrow. The edema of the vulva usually causes no lasting problems but enlarged mammary glands are more susceptible to injury from a rough surface like concrete slats. Such injuries may lead to teat necrosis and fibrosis, which makes nipples appear inverted and they are often nonfunctional when the gilts farrow. The incidence of teat necrosis can be reduced by …

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Managing The Breeding Herd (1978), Duane L. Davis Jan 1978

Managing The Breeding Herd (1978), Duane L. Davis

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Successful swine producers pay careful attention to the breeding herd. The members of our producer panel will present three approaches to managing reproduction. Their ideas are of particular interest since each is a successful manager. This paper will serve as an outline of topics to be discussed. Basically the same problems occur in all common management systems; however, particular problems may be exaggerated under certain conditions. A well-known example is failure of gilts to reach puberty at an acceptable age. While some producers in all types of facilities experience this problem, complaints are considerably more frequent when gilts are bred …

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Effect Of Adding Fat To Diets During Late Gestation And Lactation (1978), G L. Allee, J Salava Jan 1978

Effect Of Adding Fat To Diets During Late Gestation And Lactation (1978), G L. Allee, J Salava

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Recent research at the University of Nebraska suggest that feeding sows high level of fat (15-20%) during late gestation and lactation may increase energy stores in the newborn pig and increase their survival. Adding fat to sows diets increases the fat content of the milk and therefore increases its energy content. The present studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of feeding 6% fat to sows and gilts during late gestation and lactation on pig survival and performance from birth to weaning (14 or 21 days).; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 9, 1978

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Evaluation Of Various Antibiotics On Growth Rate And Feed Efficiency Of Finishing Pigs (1978), G L. Allee, M Noll Jan 1978

Evaluation Of Various Antibiotics On Growth Rate And Feed Efficiency Of Finishing Pigs (1978), G L. Allee, M Noll

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

We used 150 Yorkshire finishing pigs averaging 120 lbs initially to evaluate the following antibotics: Tylan, Stafac, Oleandomycin, and Flavomycin on rate and efficiency of gain. The trial ended when pigs within a replicate averaged approximately 220 lbs. There were no significant differences in rate or efficiency of gain by pigs fed nonmedicated or medicated diets.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 9, 1978

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Effects Of Feeding A Heat Processed, Predigested Liquid Diet To Three-Week Old Weanling Pigs (1978), S F. Binder, E R. Skoch, C W. Deyoe, G L. Allee, Keith C. Behnke Jan 1978

Effects Of Feeding A Heat Processed, Predigested Liquid Diet To Three-Week Old Weanling Pigs (1978), S F. Binder, E R. Skoch, C W. Deyoe, G L. Allee, Keith C. Behnke

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

One hundred forty, three-week old weanling pigs were used to evaluate the effects of feeding a heat-processed, predigested liquid diet. In Trial I, pigs were randomly allotted to a dry crumbled diet or a processed liquid diet. The basal corn-soybean meal diet contained 20% protein. A preference trial and a digestion trial were also conducted using the same treatments. A second feeding trial was conducted using a basal diet which contained 30% whey. Treatments consisted of a dry meal diet, a dry meal + water diet, and a processed liquid diet.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 9, 1978

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Effect Of Fat Thickness And Temperature On Adg And F/G Ratio In Finishing Swine (1978), David A. Nichols, D R. Ames, G L. Allee, Robert H. Hines Jan 1978

Effect Of Fat Thickness And Temperature On Adg And F/G Ratio In Finishing Swine (1978), David A. Nichols, D R. Ames, G L. Allee, Robert H. Hines

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Fat and lean pigs were observed at temperatures of 0(32F), 5(41F), 10(50F), 15(59F), and 20C(68F). In comparing fat and lean pigs no significant differences were observed in feed-to-gain ratio or average daily gain. Pigs housed at 32 and 41F gained significantly slower and less efficiently than those housed at 50, 59, or 68F. No differences in performance were observed among the last three groups. Increased huddling, longer hair coats and increased shivering were observed at the lower temperatures.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 9, 1978

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Effect Of Feeding Oats And Oat Hulls On Performance Of Weanling Pigs (1978), A J. Thulin, G L. Allee, Robert H. Hines Jan 1978

Effect Of Feeding Oats And Oat Hulls On Performance Of Weanling Pigs (1978), A J. Thulin, G L. Allee, Robert H. Hines

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two hundred twenty-eight Yorkshire pigs, weaned at 5 weeks of age and averaging 8.4 kg. (18.46 lbs) were used to determine how feeding them various levels of oats, oat hulls, and oats plus fat would effect their performance. Adding oats or oat hulls to increase fiber content of the diets resulted in similar rates of gain, even though the diets contained up to 7.3% fiber. Pigs fed a diet containing 7.3% fiber, however had significantly poorer feed efficiency and daily feed intake than pigs fed the other diets tested. Pigs fed diets containing 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% oats had …

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Results From One And Two Implants Compared With Yearling Cattle On Summer Pasture, R. Pruitt, A. Fleck, E.F. Smith, L. Corah, Clenton E. Owensby Jan 1978

Results From One And Two Implants Compared With Yearling Cattle On Summer Pasture, R. Pruitt, A. Fleck, E.F. Smith, L. Corah, Clenton E. Owensby

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Reimplanting Ralgro in mid-July after implanting in late April did not improve daily summer gains compared to a single implant.

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Arthrogryposis In Piglets (1978), H W. Leipold, R Ely, D Schoneweis Jan 1978

Arthrogryposis In Piglets (1978), H W. Leipold, R Ely, D Schoneweis

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

This report documents experimental reproduction of tetramelic arthrogryposis in purebred Yorkshire swine by breeding trials. Data from the trials indigated arthrogryposis may be due to homozygosity of a simple autosomal recessive gene. No affected pig was observed to be alive at parturition, although most had been alive in utero just prior to delivery. Other than dystocia observed in the sows, no other significant clinical findings were noted. The condition was noted in five litters from two sows which were bred to the same boar. Approximately 25% of the pigs exhibited the clinical signs of arthrogryposis which included malformed rigidly extended …

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Using Oral E. Coli Milk Vaccine To Control Colibacillosis (1978), D A. Schoneweis, V Gaeth Jan 1978

Using Oral E. Coli Milk Vaccine To Control Colibacillosis (1978), D A. Schoneweis, V Gaeth

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Colibacillosis is still a costly disease to swine producers in spite of new antibiotics and other products and procedures used to prevent or treat the disease. A recent aid in controlling the disease is the oral E. coli milk vaccine developed by Dr. Irvin Kohler. It consists of isolating a pathogenic E. coli from the herd and feeding the organism to pregnant sows to stimulate colostral antibodies. It is a giant step forward from the earlier recommendation of the late Dr. Howard Dunne who suggested taking the bedding and feces from the farrowing house and feeding it to pregnant sows …

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Effect Of Age And Type Of Testosterone Treatment On Cows Used For Heat Detection, G.N. Laaser, G.H. Kiracofe, M.D. Heekin, H.S. Ward, Kenneth G. Odde Jan 1978

Effect Of Age And Type Of Testosterone Treatment On Cows Used For Heat Detection, G.N. Laaser, G.H. Kiracofe, M.D. Heekin, H.S. Ward, Kenneth G. Odde

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Twelve cows were given a preliminary treatment of testosterone proprionate and were used to help us detect other cows in heat. We used two types of testosterone booster treatments to maintain male sex behavior in both age groups of cows. Two cows from each treatment or age group were paired and placed with 40 or 60 cows for 30 to 50 days. Two hundred forty-nine cows were observed in heat and 240 (96.4%) were marked by the detector cows. In this experiment, testosterone proprionate boosters maintained cows as heat detectors more effectively than testosterone enanthate boosters.

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Wheat, Barley, And Oat Silages For Beef Cattle, K. Bolsen, J. Oltjen Jan 1978

Wheat, Barley, And Oat Silages For Beef Cattle, K. Bolsen, J. Oltjen

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Wheat, barley, or oat silages can provide excellent alternatives to corn and sorghum silages for beef cattle. Wheat, barley, oat, and corn silages were fed to steers in seven trials for the past five years (Prog. Rpt. 210, 230, 262 and 291, Kansas Agr. Expt. Sta.). The forages were whole plant and had been harvested in the dough state except as indicated. Silage was made in concrete silos (10 x 50 feet). When necessary, water was added to provide a moisture content of at least 60% in the ensiled forage. Cereal silage varieties included soft red winter, awnless wheats, Blue …

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Utilizing Wheat Straw And Wheat Tailings With Beef Cows, B. Peverley, L. Corah, M. Mckee Jan 1978

Utilizing Wheat Straw And Wheat Tailings With Beef Cows, B. Peverley, L. Corah, M. Mckee

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Ninety-one Simmental-Hereford and Hereford cows in early gestation were used to compare three rations in a 106-day trial: (1) wheat straw, (2) wheat tailings, and (3) soaked wheat straw. Each was fed to groups of lactation and nonlactating cows. Cows fed the soaked wheat straw and those fed wheat tailings out-gained those on wheat straw by 28 and 16.7 pounds, respectively. All cows' condition score decreased during the trial period. Two-year-old heifers did not perform as well as the mature cows on the straw rations. Dry cows out-gained the lactating cows on both straw and tailing rations.

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Effects Of Soybean Oil And Corn Oil Alone Or In Combination With Rumensin®, On Methane And Vfa Production, In Vitro, Jack G. Riley, S.L. Newby Jan 1978

Effects Of Soybean Oil And Corn Oil Alone Or In Combination With Rumensin®, On Methane And Vfa Production, In Vitro, Jack G. Riley, S.L. Newby

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Soybean oil or corn oil when fed at 0, 2, 4, or 6% of the ration did not significantly reduce methane production or alter the ratios of volatile fatty acids. Soybean oil was superior to corn oil in reducing methane, and soybean oil, produced a more desirable acetate:propionate ratio. Rumensin was compared at levels simulating 0, 15, and 30 grams per ton of complete ration. Rumensin at either concentration significantly reduced methane and significantly improved the acetate:propionate ratio.

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Myoclonia Congenita (Trembling Piglets) (1978), H W. Leipold, R Scarsi, D Schoneweis, R Milleret, R Phillips Jan 1978

Myoclonia Congenita (Trembling Piglets) (1978), H W. Leipold, R Scarsi, D Schoneweis, R Milleret, R Phillips

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

An epidemiologic survey was conducted on ten swine farms in Kansas and two in Nebraska (1878 piglets in 251 litters) to determine the incidence, clinical signs, and cause of myoclonia corrgenita. The percentage of litters with myoclonia congenita was 37.45%, ranging from 4.35% to 100%. Morbidity rate was 37.5%, which is lower than rates in previous surveys in the United States. Mortality rate in all pigs was 17.73% while the fatality rate of affected pigs was 47.2%.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 9, 1978

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Selection For Muscling In Durocs (1978), J D. Wheat, Donald H. Kropf, P Na-Lampang, Robert H. Hines Jan 1978

Selection For Muscling In Durocs (1978), J D. Wheat, Donald H. Kropf, P Na-Lampang, Robert H. Hines

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Select line pigs were compared with those in the control line for growth patterns, production traits, and carcass quality. Heritability and genetic correlations were calculated for certain production and carcass traits after five generations of selection.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 9, 1978

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Performance Of Pigs Fed Corn, Sorghum, Or Wheat With 0 Or 4% Added Fat (1978), G L. Allee Jan 1978

Performance Of Pigs Fed Corn, Sorghum, Or Wheat With 0 Or 4% Added Fat (1978), G L. Allee

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

We used 96 crossbred pigs averaging 8.3 kg (19.3 lbs.) to compare performances with sorghum, corn, or wheat with 0 or 4% added fat (tallow). The trial ended when pigs averaged approximately 220 pounds. Grain source (sorghum, corn, or wheat) did not affect average daily gain or feed efficiency of pigs during any ration phase (starter, grower, or finisher). Adding fat (to each grain ration) reduced feed intake and improved feed efficiency during each ration phase. The greatest improvement in feed efficiency from added fat was during the finishing phase.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 9, 1978

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