Life Sciences Commons^™

Hypoxylon Mammatum Pathotoxin Responsible For Canker Formation In Quaking Aspen, Arthur L. Schipper, Jr.

Aspen Bibliography

No abstract provided.

Geographical Variation In Nesting Biology And Social Organization Of Halictus Ligatus, Charles D. Michener, Fred D. Bennett

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No abstract provided.

Tree To Chips To Red Meat To Steaks, It Serves As Emergency Livestock Feed, Les Kamstra

Aspen Bibliography

We must be resourceful. Our "natural" resources are becoming scarcer every day, while waste products mushroom in dumps, along roadsides, in the water and air.

Influence Of Angler Motivations, Expectations, And Opinions On Fishery Management Practices In The United States, James E. Brogdon

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

This report is concerned with the behavioral inputs into the decisions concerning fishery resource management. Topics discussed are motives, expectations, and opinions of fishermen concerning the fishing experience and present-day fishery management practices and regulations; how management agencies and sportsmen organizations have dealt with recreational fishing; the need for managers to utilize this behavioral information in forming management decisions; and where past people-wildlife research has been and where it must lead in the future. Material for this paper came from copies of published articles and library research.

Some Intermountain Endemics, Arthur H. Holmgren

Faculty Honor Lectures

A growing concern for the welfare of endangered or threatened plant and animal species has developed during the past few years, coinciding with an awareness of mankind's deleterious influence on the environment. Technological man has altered vast areas of the earth's surface to such an extent that many species have been endangered or made extinct. Transcontinental highways, shopping malls, industrial parks, home sites where they shouldn't be, and huge acreages turned over by the plow for monocultures, have taken a toll on our native vegetation to such an extent that many species have either lost their diversity or have disappeared. …

A Manpower Study Of The Utah Feed, Grain, And Seed Industry And The Idaho Seed Industry, Earl Ray Thomsen

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

As the farmers of Utah and the nation become more highly trained and more efficient in adapting new technological knowledge in their farming enterprises, farms increase in size and the number of workers needed to produce food for our state and nation decreases. A concurrent yet opposite change occurs in those businesses which perform services for farmers or which market, process, and distribute the farmer's product. Farmers are demanding more skilled services while consumers are demanding that the farms' products receive more processing and distribution services which must be performed off the farm. We, thus, have a growing network of …

Importance Of Legumes, Especially The Trifolium Species, In Range Improvement, Abdelhai A. Ibnattya

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

This paper analyzes the most important characteristics of legumes, which have led to their utilization in range improvement all over the world. It emphasizes the Trifolium spp. (esteemed among the legume family), their contributions to soil a n d forage improvement, and the success obtained from their utilization, especially in semi-arid ranges. Many references originally from Australia, United States, Morocco, and Portugal were used as sources of data because of the ample utilization of these species in these countries. Careful analysis related to requirements, potentialities, and production of clovers were used and recommendations were made for different ecological areas where …

Distribution And Habitat Characteristics Of The Kit Fox (Vulpes Macrotis) In Utah, John C. Mcgrew

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The distribution of the kit fox (Vulpes macrotis) in Utah was studied from 1974 to 1976. A variety of methods were used, but a questionnaire sent annually to state and federal agencies, combined with interviews of field personnel of these agencies, was found to be the most valuable. Kit foxes occur in western Utah and Washington County as previously reported. In addition, range extensions were noted in central Utah, and in Carbon, Emery, Grand, Wayne, and Garfield counties in east-central Utah. These range extensions total approximately 4,600-square miles (12,000-square kilometers). The kit fox probably also inhabits San Juan …

Desert Bighorn Sheep In Canyonlands National Park, H. Clay Dean

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The ecology of bighorn sheep in Canyonlands National Park, Utah was investigated between July 1974 and December 1975. Primary objectives of this study were: (1) to determine the distribution and abundance of bighorn sheep in the Park; (2) to examine the effects of human encroachment, and (3) to determine key habitat factors in relation to bighorn sheep movements. Data were collected by ground and aerial surveys.

There were between 60 and 100 bighorn sheep in the Island in the Sky District and between 20 and 30 in the Needles District. Bighorn sheep distribution was closely related to the history of …

The Influence Of Various Factors On Nitrogen Balance And Protein Quality Measured In Adult Human Beings, Arthur John Wittwer

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The effect of nitrogen intake, nitrogen source, calorie intake, body weight, adaptation time, research group and sex on the nitrogen balance of human adults was investigated. Data from studies reported in the literature were combined and analyzed statistically by multiple regression techniques. Analyses were made separately for six sources of nitrogen: egg, beef, rice, corn, wheat and wheat gluten.

Nitrogen intake, caloric intake and body weight exerted significant effects on nitrogen balance (5% level of confidence) for six, three and two of the six nitrogen sources, respectively. Other variables were not significant at the 5% level. Although differences were not …

Subtle Teratogenic Effects Of Locoweed In Rats, Benjamin K. Nelson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Locoweed, a well-known teratogenic plant affecting livestock, is prevalent in mountain regions of the Western United States. Two common species (Astragalus lentiginosus and A. wootoni), administered to pregnant rats, induced behavioral deviations in their offspring. Treated mothers consumed less feed and gained less wieght during gestation than controls when gavaged locoweed at the rate of 1 gram whole plant per day on days 7 through 17 of gestation. A. lentiginosus reduced pup weight at birth (13% less than controls) and this weight reduction (as much as 29% less than controls) continued at least four weeks. A. lentiginosus also …

Density And Diversity Responses Of Summer Bird Populations To The Structure Of Aspen And Spruce-Fir Communities On The Wasatch Plateau, Utah, Janet Lee Young

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Sixteen stands representing a range of structural variation in aspen, mixed aspen-conifer, and spruce-fir communities of the Wasatch Plateau, Utah, were censused by the sample count method. The stands were classified as eleven community types based on the understory dominants or indicator species and the cover types. Fifty bird species were recorded during the two seasons; thirty-two occurred in aspen cover, forty-four in mixed aspen-conifer cover, and twenty-two in spruce-fir.

Comparisons of the composition and density of bird populations were made between uniform stands of a single life form and more structurally complex stands of either single or mixed life …

Potassium And Calcium Cycling By Eupterotegaeus Rostratus (Acari: Cryptostigmata), A. Carter, J.B. Cragg

Aspen Bibliography

Recent studies in an aspen woodland ecosystem in the Canadian Rockies have elucidated the biology of particular soil organisms and their roles in energy flow and, to a lesser extent, in chemical cycling.

Competitive Interaction In Plant Populations Exposed To Enhanced Uv-B Radiation, Fred M. Fox

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Competitive balance and changes in individual plant growth parameters of eight pairs of plant species exposed to enhanced UV-B irradiation were determined under field conditions simulating ozone reductions of about 0.08 atm·cm. The levels of irradiance represented ozone decreases of about 25-30 percent from approximate ambient ozone concentrations for high solar altitudes on clear days during the study. A method for calculating and statistically analyzing relative crowding coefficients was developed and used to evaluate the competitive status of the species pairs sown in a modified replacement series. The effect of UV-B irradiance was generally detrimental to plant growth, and was …

A Comparison Of Dewpoint And Psychrometric Mode In Leaf Water Potential Measurements, Gladys Durand-Campero

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Leaf water potential of two maize plants (Zea mays L.) two chlorophytum plants (Chlorophytwn capense, Kuntze), a schefflera (Brassaia actinophylla) and one aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.), were measured under laboratory conditions with aluminum block in situ leaf hygrometers and with stainless steel single junction chamber hygrometer using excised entire leaves. Plants were subjected to a drying cycle. The hygrometers were controlled with a dewpoint microvoltmeter and all readouts were recorded on a chart recorder. A typical reading and control schedule included 20 second cooling before a first psychrometric reading allowing the output to …

Influence Of Corynebacterium Insidiosum On The Water Relations Of Alfalfa, Rastri Dey

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The effect of Corynebacterium insidiosum (McCull) H. L. Jensen on the water relations of its host, alfalfa, was studied by field measurements made on a 6-year-old stand of Ranger alfalfa. Periodic measurements of stomatal conductance, xylem pressure potential Ψ, and root, stem, and leaf conductance were made in relation to soil moisture conditions. Water regain and electrolyte leakage studies were also made to test membrane integrity in diseased plant leaves.

At all times the xylem pressure potential Ψ was found to be much more negative in diseased plants than in healthy plants. Stomatal conductance was found to respond to the …

Reducing Soil Crusting To Enhance Sesame Seedling Emergence, Gustavo Campero

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

In Venezuela rainfall-induced crust is the main problem in obtaining adequate stands of sesame (Sesamwn indicum L.) The effectiveness of seven commercially available soil conditioners to prevent soil crusting and their influence on sesame seedling emergence was tested on Parlo silt loam. The chemicals were sprayed on the soil surface at different rates and dilutions . The rates were established to give about the same treatment cost.

Two chemicals: a polyvinyl alcohol (Elvanol 71-30) and an anionic asphalt emulsion (Humofina B-2864) gave the greatest increase in sesame seedling emergence. Thereafter, the two chemicals were tested on two Utah …

Effects Of Low-Level Chronic Radiation On Plant Nuclear Parameters As Related To Successional Patterns, Eric A. Rechel

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A major issue facing nuclear power stations is how to effectively deal with radioactive waste. This waste, as it comes from a reactor, is emitting large quantities of ionizing radiation which is usually confined. Another form of radioactive wastes is the mill tailings from uranium processing plants. These tailings are sites characterized by low-level chronic radiation.

The mill tailings of the Vitro Chemical Plant, in Salt Lake City, Utah, have been a point of radionuclide concentration and environmental contamination for 20 years. These tailings may adversely affect both surrounding ecosystems and any biological systems seeking to become established on the …

The Affect Of The Placement Of Food On The Tray And The Scheduling Of Playtime On Plate Waste And Nutrient Intake By Elementary School Children, Elise Walton

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

For three weeks the plate waste from the students at the Edith Bowen Laboratory School was collected. The students were divided into three units by grade; Unit I, kindergarten and first grade, Unit II, second and third grade; and Unit III, fourth through sixth grade. The total waste of the individual menu items in the three units was weighed to determine the total waste of each food item for the unit. In each unit individual food items from three control trays weighed together, and an average serving portion for the item in each of the three units was obtained.

The …

Autoecology Of The Ruderal Weed Heterotheca Grandiflora With Emphasis On Germination Dimorphism, Stephan Dexter Flint

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Weedy species, as they occupy diverse and unpredictable environments, are expected to possess considerable variability in numerous characteristics, including germination. The visually dimorphic achenes of Heterotheca grandiflora Nutt. (Asteraceae) were tested for potentially adaptive differences in their germination, the establishment of the resulting seedlings, and the relative production of the two achene types.

Achenes produced by the disc florets are adapted for dispersal and rapid germination while the ray florets produce smaller achenes lacking a dispersal mechanism, but possessing a more sophisticated physiological system capable of regulating germination. Ray achene germination rates were significantly influenced by different soil surfaces while …

Relationships Of Vegetation To Environment In Canyonlands National Park, Walter Lee Loope

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The vegetation of Canyonlands National Park, Utah, has been described from 157 samples located throughout the Park. Species frequency, density and cover were recorded along with measurements of soil thickness, slope, aspect, elevation and geologic substrate at each site. Measurements of soil texture, pH, and electrical conductivity were taken for a representative subsample. A map of the vegetation of the Park was made by relating the sample points to their corresponding spectral signatures on vertical aerial photographs and locating boundaries between vegetation units by means of changes in photo signatures.

Vegetation in these arid to semi-arid environments appears to be …

Browse Evaluation And Survey Techniques For The Uinta North Slope Moose Herd, William H. Babcock

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A study was conducted on the North Slope of the Uinta Mountains from January, 1972 through June, 1974, to determine the effects of three simulated levels of moose utilization on the crude protein content, phosphorus content, digestibility and vigor of willow plants. A comparison was also made on the crude protein content, phosphorus content and digestibility of current year's versus past years' willow growth. Finally, the validity of direct and indirect population enumeration methods was compared for the possible development of a standardized moose survey technique.

Clipping caused a highly significant increase in crude protein and phosphorus content between treatment …

Effects Of Livestock Grazing On Infiltration And Erosion Rates Measured On Chained And Unchained Pinyon-Juniper Sites In Southeastern Utah, Frank E. Busby Jr.

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The objectives of this study were to 1) determine the effects of livestock grazing and periods of rest from grazing on infiltration and erosion rates of unchained woodland; chained, debris-in-place; and chained, debris-windrowed pinyon-juniper sites; and 2) utilize these measurements in developing guidelines for grazing management of pinyon-juniper rangelands that protect or improve the hydrologic condition of the watershed. The study was conducted on sandy loam soils in southeastern Utah during the summers of 1971 and 1972.

Runoff and erosion were artificially induced from small plots by simulating rainfall with the Rocky Mountain infiltrometer. Infiltration rates, erosion rates, and selected …

Aspects Of The Life History Of Three Catostomids Native To The Upper Colorado River Basin, Charles W. Mcada

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The distribution, abundance and life history were studied for three catostomids -- the razorback sucker (Xyrauchen texanus), the flannel-mouth sucker (Catostomus latipinnis), and the bluehead sucker (Catostomus discobolus) -- all native to the upper Colorado River basin. The razorback sucker has declined in abundance due to man's impact upon the system and it has been recommended that this species be listed as ''threatened" on the U. S. Department of the Interior's list of Threatened or Endangered species [Personal corrmunication, G. C. Kobetich, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Las Vegas, Nevada]. During this investigation, …

In Vitro Morphogenesis And Mutation Of Glycine Max L., Thomas Daniel Wilson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Soybean (Glycine max L. c.v. Consoy) tissue cultures were grown in synthetic media containing various concentrations and combinations of minerals, auxins, cytokinins, pH levels, and inorganic growth factors in a systematic procedure to establish optimum media for initiation and maintenance of callus. Further modification of the hormone level was employed to initiate callus morphogenesis. Normally toxic levels of atrazine were established in soybean calli media, and ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) and X ray-induced mutant calli were selected for atrazine tolerance.

Optimal media for initiation and maintenance of soybean calli were developed and a defined medium was determined that consistently yields …

Genetic Control Of Spermiogenesis In Drosophila Melanogaster: The Effects Of Abnormal Association Of Centrosome And Nucleus In Mutant Ms(1)6s, Douglas Lee Habliston

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Mutant ms(l)6S of Drosophila melanogaster is characterized by a spectrum of abnormalities of spermatid differentiation. Included in these are failure of the basal body to make normal attachment to the nucleus, failure of acrosomes to develop, and lack of a normal pupulation of perinuclear microtubules. There is also a failure of normal chromatin condensation and nuclear elongation. The mitochondria do not form a normaI nebenkern, but nevertheless fuse, elongate, and develop paracrystalline bodies. The number of normal axonemes is markedly reduced as a result of the failure of some centrioles to form basal bodies. All of these aberrations can be …

A Preliminary Investigation Of The Lipid Of Halophilic Bacteria As A Food Additive, Neil F. Collins

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of obtaining workable quantities of the unusual ether-linked phosphatidyl glycerophosphate of halophilic bacteria through batch culture of Halobacterium halobium. Once isolated and purified, physical, emulsification, and toxicological properties of the lipid were evaluated with respect to its use as a nonnutritive lipid substitute or an emulsifier by the food industry. These evaluations included physical descriptions, melting properties, hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB) determination, and oral and intraperitoneal administration of the lipid to laboratory mice.

The Effect Of Four Mine Spoil Treatments On The Seedling Water Relations Of Two Plant Species, Lorraine K. Van Kekerix

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Surface mines in mountainous areas cause environmental deterioration at lower elevations in the watershed. The most successful long term solution to the downstream problem is revegetation. However, mine spoils are low in essential plant nutrients, have low water holding capacity, and are often acidic. These factors limit plant colonization. Plants must also be adapted to the environmental conditions of high elevations.

At the McLaren Mine, }1ontana, at 2800 m, it was observed that seedlings on revegetation plots were desiccated, indicating possible water deficits. Field and growth chamber studies were carried out to determine the effects of some spoil ameliorating treatments …

Biological Manipulation Of Blackbrush (Coleogyne Ramosissima Torr.) By Browsing With Goats, Frederick D. Provenza

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this study was to provide data on responses of Angora goats and blackbrush (Coleogyne ramosissima) to a biological manipulation program. Blackbrush utilization levels averaged 30, 16, and 6 percent (545, 367, and 147 kg per hectare) for the heavily, moderately, and lightly browsed pastures, respectively; removal rates of 77, 38, and 19 percent (1164, 582, and 291 kg per hectare) were projected.

Statistically significant differences in body weight loss (P=0.052) were noted for goats browsing in different replications. Goats lost an average of 14 and 19 percent of body weight in replications one and two, …

The Relationship Of Molybdenum To Iron Status In Pregnancy And Anemia In Rats And Humans, Jo Ann Mortensen

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Weanling male rats were made anemic and fed diets supplemented with 20 ppm iron and/or 2 ppm molybdenum. A decrease in serum iron was observed in the rats supplemented only with iron and a significant decrease in hemoglobin was observed in rats given no supplementation.

In a second experiment, pregnant female rats were also fed diets supplemented with 20 ppm iron and/or 2 ppm molybdenum. An inverse relationship was apparent between iron and copper in both the serum and the liver of the female rats. The livers of their pups displayed an inverse relationship between molybdenum and copper. Hemoglobin in …