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- Report of progress (Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station); 291; Cattlemen's Day (32)
- Swine day (23)
- 1977; Beef; Animal performance; Feed intake; Rate of gain; Feed efficiency (1)
- 1977; Beef; Calving; Dexamethasone; Oxytocin (1)
- 1977; Beef; Conception rates; Synchronization; Estrus (1)
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- 1977; Beef; Corn Silage; Carcass characteristics; Tenderness (1)
- 1977; Beef; Corn; Urea; Rations (1)
- 1977; Beef; Feed; Gain; Growth (1)
- 1977; Beef; Feedyards; Processings; Rations (1)
- 1977; Beef; Forage intake; Organic matter intake (1)
- 1977; Beef; Forage sorghum; Grain sorghum; Yield (1)
- 1977; Beef; Forage yield; Grain yield; Barley; Wheat; Oats (1)
- 1977; Beef; Growth; Implants; Gain (1)
- 1977; Beef; Growth; Reproductive performance; Yearling heifers (1)
- 1977; Beef; Implants; Calves; Yearlings (1)
- 1977; Beef; In vito; Digestibility (1)
- 1977; Beef; Intake; Alfalfa hay; Forage (1)
- 1977; Beef; Milo stover; Forage sorghum; Alfalfa silages; Heifers (1)
- 1977; Beef; Milo stover; Pregnant cows (1)
- 1977; Beef; Milo; Urea; Prairie hay; Heifers (1)
- 1977; Beef; Monensin; Performance; Steers (1)
- 1977; Beef; Monensin; Yearling cattle; Weight gain (1)
- 1977; Beef; Performance; Carcass characteristics; Cattle breeds (1)
- 1977; Beef; Protein; Heat stress; Finishing cattle (1)
- 1977; Beef; Protein; Milo (1)
- 1977; Beef; Roughage; Milo; Steers (1)
- 1977; Beef; Sprinkling cattle; Feed efficiency; Gain (1)
- 1977; Beef; Steers; Bluestem (1)
- 1977; Beef; Synchronization; Estrus; Conception rates (1)
- 1977; Beef; Terminal-cross; Performance; Carcass characteristics (1)
Articles 1 - 30 of 55
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Synchronization Of Estrus And Insemination Time In Beef Cows, M.D. Heekin, G.H. Kiracofe, R.R. Schalles, H.S. Ward
Synchronization Of Estrus And Insemination Time In Beef Cows, M.D. Heekin, G.H. Kiracofe, R.R. Schalles, H.S. Ward
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
We used 76 cows to determine the effect of inseminating at different times after detecting estrus and to evaluate Synchronization B as an estrus synchronizing agent. Cows were divided into five groups: (1) nonsynchronized bred naturally; (2) nonsynchronized bred once a day approximately 12 to 24 hours after detecting estrus; (3) nonsynchronized bred twice a day approximately 12 hours after estrus; (4) synchronized bred once a day, and (5) synchronized bred twice a day. Synchronizing did not affect conception rate with twice-a-day breeding, but did with once-a-day breeding. Conception rates during the first 25 days of the breeding season were …
Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Different Cattle Types, H.D. Loveday, Dell M. Allen, Michael E. Dikeman
Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Different Cattle Types, H.D. Loveday, Dell M. Allen, Michael E. Dikeman
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Different cattle types were evaluated for growth, feed efficiency, and carcass and meat traits. Hereford (H), Angus (A), Red Poll (RP), Brown Swiss (BS), Gelbvieh (G), Maine Anjou (MA) and Chianina sires were mated artificially to Angus and Hereford cows to obtain different crossbred (X) cattle types. Two calf crops were born in March, April, and May of 1973, and 1974, and weaned when 200 days old. All male calves (787) were castrated, fed out and slaughtered in a commercial plant. Carcasses were graded in the cooler and the right side was transported to KSU for detailed cutout and meat …
Weaning Calves’ Response To A Medicated Top Dressing, A.A. Fleck, R.R. Schalles, Jack G. Riley, G. Fink, D.S. O' Banion
Weaning Calves’ Response To A Medicated Top Dressing, A.A. Fleck, R.R. Schalles, Jack G. Riley, G. Fink, D.S. O' Banion
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Adding a medicated top dressing to a weaning calf ration did not reduce calf sickness, but increased weight gains the second and third weeks of a three-week weaning trial.
In Vitro Digestibility Of Flint Hill Rangeland Forages, J.E. Umoh, L.H. Harbers, E.F. Smith, J. Whitney, Don Boggs
In Vitro Digestibility Of Flint Hill Rangeland Forages, J.E. Umoh, L.H. Harbers, E.F. Smith, J. Whitney, Don Boggs
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
We used an in vitro digestibility technique to determine the nutritive value of predominately native bluestem forage on burned and nonburned Flint Hills pastures. We also collected forage samples via esophageal fistulas to get what the animals consumed while grazing selectively. Summary Dry matter (DM) digestibilities for 11 months by both techniques followed changes in climatic conditions. The lowest DM digestibility averaged about 65% in October, 1975, and June, 1976; the highest (about 80%) was between February and March 1976. The grass selected by animals was usually more digestible than that harvested by hand. However, in vitro digestibility of the …
Wheat, Barley, Oat And Corn Silage Rations For Growing Steers, K. Bolsen, J. Oltjen, Jack G. Riley
Wheat, Barley, Oat And Corn Silage Rations For Growing Steers, K. Bolsen, J. Oltjen, Jack G. Riley
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Eleven wheat, barley, oat and corn silages were evaluated in two steers growing trials in 1975 and 1976. In both trials, steers fed barley or corn silages had similar rate and efficiency of gains. Also, barley and corn silages supported greater performance than any of the seven wheat or oat silages. In the 1976 trial steers fed Trio or Lodi oat silage had the lowest feed consumption and made the slowest and least efficient gains. For an average of the two trials barley and corn silages had similar feeding values. Wheat silages had 90 and 80% the relative feeding value …
Milo Stover, Forage Sorghum And Alfalfa Silages For Growing Heifers, K. Bolsen, Jack G. Riley, C. Grimes
Milo Stover, Forage Sorghum And Alfalfa Silages For Growing Heifers, K. Bolsen, Jack G. Riley, C. Grimes
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Ninety heifer calves were used to compare six rations containing various combinations of milo stover, forage sorghum and alfalfa silages. In the 96-day trial, heifers fed 100% forage sorghum silage outperformed heifers fed 100% milo stover silage. Adding forage sorghum or alfalfa silage to the 100% milo stover silage ration improved rate and efficiency of gain. Observed gains and efficiencies for the 67% milo stover + 33% forage sorghum and for the 33% milo stover + 67% forage sorghum silage rations exceeded predicted gains and efficiencies an average of 10.7% and 11.5%, respectively.
Sources Of Roughage And Milo For Finishing Steers, K. Bolsen, Jack G. Riley
Sources Of Roughage And Milo For Finishing Steers, K. Bolsen, Jack G. Riley
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Steers fed corn silage gained significantly (P<.05) faster than steers fed any other roughage. Wheat silage ranked second with gains significantly (P<.05) more than gains from milo stover silage, alfalfa hay or corn silage-alfalfa hay combination. Corn silage also produced the most efficient gains, which were significantly (P<.05) more efficient than gains from milo stover silage. Feeding 100% of the grain portion of finishing ratinos as high moisture milo resulted in 13% faster (P<.05) and 13% more efficient (P<.05) gains than feeding equal parts of high moisture milo and dry rolled milo.
Animal Performance Changes Related To Time On Feed, A. Chestnut, B.E. Brent
Animal Performance Changes Related To Time On Feed, A. Chestnut, B.E. Brent
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
We are developing mathematical models to show how feed intake, rate of gain, and feed efficiency change during the finishing period. When finished, the models might be used to predict when to sell cattle to maximize profit or minimize loss, to plan feed inventories, or to predict when animals have reached a desired grade.
Scrotal Measurements And Visual Scores Of Boar Testicle Size Correlated With Testicle Weight (1977), Duane L. Davis, Robert H. Hines
Scrotal Measurements And Visual Scores Of Boar Testicle Size Correlated With Testicle Weight (1977), Duane L. Davis, Robert H. Hines
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Scrotal measurements and visual scores of testicle size were determined for 59 boars used in nutrition and physiology studies. The best predictors of testicular weight were visual scores (average of 3 observers) and partial-circumference measurements. Though visual score was an accurate predictor within groups scored at the same time, it was not a dependable predictor when it included combined scores of groups scored at different times.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 10, 1977
Ksu Aerobic Swine Waste Handling System - A Progress Report (1977), B A. Koch, G L. Allee, R I. Lipper, Robert H. Hines
Ksu Aerobic Swine Waste Handling System - A Progress Report (1977), B A. Koch, G L. Allee, R I. Lipper, Robert H. Hines
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
At the KSU swine research unit, the aerobic oxidation waste-disposal system continues to function satisfactorily. Though problems and maintenance are minimal, routine observation and maintenance are necessary to prevent development of problems. Odor is not a problem. Waste fluid can be spread on fields any time that soil is not too wet and--regardless of wind direction or humidity conditions--nearby neighbors do not complain. Pigs are performing satisfactorily in all buildings. Flies are easily controlled, suitable sanitation is easily maintained, and working conditions are satisfactory.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 10, 1977
Effect Of Choline Supplementation To Corn-Soybean Meal Rations On Pig Performance (1977), G L. Allee
Effect Of Choline Supplementation To Corn-Soybean Meal Rations On Pig Performance (1977), G L. Allee
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Eight-four crossbred gilts initially averaging 8.2 kg. (18.0 lbs.) were used to evaluate the effects of supplemental choline to corns-soybean meal rations on pig performance. Four levels of choline were fed during each ration phase (starter, grower, finisher). The trial was terminated when pigs within a replicate averaged approximately 100 kg. (220lbs.). Supplemental choline had no significant effect on average daily gain or feed efficiency.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 10, 1977
Blended Dried Bakery Product In Swine Starter Rations (1977), G L. Allee
Blended Dried Bakery Product In Swine Starter Rations (1977), G L. Allee
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
A growth trial, a digestion trial, and a preference trial were conducted to evaluate a blended dried bakery product (BDBP) as an ingredient in swine starter rations. Replacing 0, 10, 20, or 30% corn with BDBP had no effect on average daily gain or feed efficiency. When given a choice, pigs preferred a ration containing 20% BDBP. The energy and protein digestibilities in BOBP were 91.5% and 87.88%, respectively.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 10, 1977
Pseudorabies (1977), D A. Schoneweis
Pseudorabies (1977), D A. Schoneweis
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Pseudorabies has been talked and written about so much the last few years that it seems that there isn't anything left to be said. It may be that so much has been said about the disease that now is the time to review the disease as it relates to Kansas swine producers. First of all, I'd like to discuss briefly two factors that need to be clarified: (1), pseudorabies is not to be confused with rabies--there are no recorded instances of humans being affected by the virus; and (2), pseudorabies is not a new disease. First reported in scientific literature …
Effect Of Grain Source And 0 Or 4% Added Fat On Performance Of Finishing Pigs (1977), G L. Allee
Effect Of Grain Source And 0 Or 4% Added Fat On Performance Of Finishing Pigs (1977), G L. Allee
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Seventy-two crossbred finishing pigs averaging 55.9 kg. (123.0 lbs.) were used (in a 3 x 2 factorial design) to compare performance when fed sorghum, corn, or wheat with 0 or 4% added fat (tallow). There were no significant differences in average daily gain or feed efficiency among pigs fed sorghum, corn, or wheat. Adding 4% fat (to each grain ration) resulted in a slight improvement in gain and an improved feed efficiency. Pigs fed wheat with 4% fat added showed The greatest improvement in daily gain and feed efficiency.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 10, 1977
Comparison Of Anthelmintic And Anti-Bacterial Agents Fed Weanling Pigs Reared On Pasture (1977), B A. Koch, S M. Kruckenberg, Robert H. Hines
Comparison Of Anthelmintic And Anti-Bacterial Agents Fed Weanling Pigs Reared On Pasture (1977), B A. Koch, S M. Kruckenberg, Robert H. Hines
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Forty-eight Yorkshire pigs averaging 35 lbs. were used to compare their performance under these feeding sequences: (A) mecadox plus banminth, received until weighing 75 lbs., followed by terrarnyci n to 125 lbs.; (B) worming with tramisol initially and feeding ASP-250 until weighing 125 lbs. To market weight, pigs in both treatment groups were fed a nonmedicated finisher diet. Rate of gain was similar for both treatments; the sequence A pigs, however, required 6% fewer lbs. of feed per pound of gain. Pigs fed banminth had, after 35 days, no ascarid scars in their livers and no ascarids in their intestines. …
Use Of Oats And Fat In Swine Grower Rations (1977), Robert H. Hines
Use Of Oats And Fat In Swine Grower Rations (1977), Robert H. Hines
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Two feeding trials involving 112 Yorkshire weaned pigs (25 lbs.) were conducted to study the use of oats and fat in grower rations. Adding 3% fat (soy oil) to the fortified corn-soybean control ration reduced daily feed intake, but improved feed efficiency. Incorporating 40% oats in a fortified corn-soybean meal grower ration resulted in similar pig performance for rate of gain, daily feed intake, and feed efficiency even though the ration contained 6.5% fiber. Pigs fed a diet containing 40% oats and 5% fat gained 5% faster and were 10% more efficient than pigs fed the control ration.; Swine Day, …
Blended Dried Bakery Product In Swine Finishing Rations (1977), G L. Allee
Blended Dried Bakery Product In Swine Finishing Rations (1977), G L. Allee
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Eighty-four crossbred pigs averaging 43.6 kg. (95.9 lbs.) initially were used to evaluate the use of a blended dried bakery product (BDBP) in rations for finishing pigs. Replacing 0, 10, 20, or 30% of the sorghum in the basal ration with BDBP resulted in a small increase (0.06-0.08 lbs./ day) in average daily gain of the pigs and significantly improved their feed efficiency. Twenty percent BDBP appeared to give the best results; however, 30% had no adverse effects.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 10, 1977
Stress Susceptibility In Pigs Selected For Muscling (1977), J D. Wheat, Donald H. Kropf, Robert H. Hines
Stress Susceptibility In Pigs Selected For Muscling (1977), J D. Wheat, Donald H. Kropf, Robert H. Hines
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Duroc swine selected for muscling seemingly are more susceptible to stress than are ordinary pigs. The highly significant difference in serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK) levels (an average score of 30.07) in those pigs and levels (18.88) in control-line pigs indicates that pigs selected for increased muscling are more susceptible to stress because exercise causes CPK levels to be proportionately higher in their blood serum than would be the case were the pigs not under stress.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 10, 1977
Flavor Enhancers And/Or Vitamin C In Growing-Finishing Rations (1977), B A. Koch, G L. Allee, Robert H. Hines
Flavor Enhancers And/Or Vitamin C In Growing-Finishing Rations (1977), B A. Koch, G L. Allee, Robert H. Hines
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Supplemental vitamin C fed at two different levels (550 or 1,100mg, per kg, of diet) did not improve animal performance at the swine research center. Adding apple flavor or sodium bicarbonate did not change results.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 10, 1977
Rations Containing Sorghum, Corn, Or Wheat With 0 Or 4% Added Fat For Weaned Pigs (1977), G L. Allee
Rations Containing Sorghum, Corn, Or Wheat With 0 Or 4% Added Fat For Weaned Pigs (1977), G L. Allee
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
One hundred eight crossbred, weaned pigs averaging 10.0ks (22.1 lbs.) were used to compare rations containing sorghum, corn, or wheat with 0 or 4% added fat (tallow) on performance of young pigs. There were no significant differences in average daily gain or feed efficiency among pigs fed sorghum, corn, or wheat with no added fat; and adding 4 % fat to the rations did not affect gain but did result in a slight improvement in feed/gain.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 10, 1977
Feeding Barrows And Gilts Three Protein Sequences To Heavier Market Weight, Robert H. Hines
Feeding Barrows And Gilts Three Protein Sequences To Heavier Market Weight, Robert H. Hines
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Forty-eight Yorkshire barrows and 48 Yorkshire gilts were fed separately three protein sequences to a finish weight of 250 to 260 lbs. Barrows gained faster and were more efficient on protein sequence B (16% protein diet from 100 to 135 lbs.; then 14% diet to finish weight) and C (same as B except that barrows were switched at 210 lbs. to a 12% diet to final weight) than on A (16% protein diet from 100 lbs. to final weight). Gilts gained fastest and were most efficient when fed sequence A. Both barrows and gilts gained slower after attaining the weight …
Forage Intake As One Estimate Of The Nutritive Value Of Flint Hills Rangeland Forage, J.E. Umoh, L.H. Harbers, E.F. Smith
Forage Intake As One Estimate Of The Nutritive Value Of Flint Hills Rangeland Forage, J.E. Umoh, L.H. Harbers, E.F. Smith
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Forage intake was used as an estimate of the nutritive value of Flint Hills pastures. The organic matter intake (OMI) ranged from 16.3 lb. to 22.05 lb. (7.40 to 10.0 kg) between June-August, 1976, and there was no clear difference between the burned and nonburned pastures. Intake seems to fluctuate with maturity of grass, digestibility, and as grazing season progresses. More data are still needed for computing the nutritive value of Flint Hill pastures.
Sire Breed Effects On Economic Efficiency Of A Terminal-Cross Beef Production System, G.M. Smith, Michael E. Dikeman
Sire Breed Effects On Economic Efficiency Of A Terminal-Cross Beef Production System, G.M. Smith, Michael E. Dikeman
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
This article was abstracted from a manuscript by Gerald H. Smith, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, Nebraska which appeared in the December, 1976, issue of the Journal of Animal Science. The carcass and meats research data for the study were coordinated by Dr. Michael E. Dikeman, Kansas State University, so permission was granted to present results of that study here. Performance and carcass characteristics of the cattle were presented in the 1975 Cattlemen's Day Report.
Selecting For Feed Conversion, R.R. Schalles, J.K. Blum, W.H. Smith
Selecting For Feed Conversion, R.R. Schalles, J.K. Blum, W.H. Smith
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Selecting animals for decreased feed per unit of gain has made small changes in feed conversion over a four-year period. Adjusting for maintenance requirements by using mid weight to 0.75 power was not entirely satisfactory as that ignores differences in growth patterns. Favorable genetic relationships were found between feed conversion and most other economically important traits, especially yearling growth traits.
Characteristics Of Beef Finished On Selected Feeding Regimes, Dell M. Allen, Melvin C. Hunt, Donald H. Kropf, G. Gutowski, A. Harrison, M.E. Smith, Curtis L. Kastner
Characteristics Of Beef Finished On Selected Feeding Regimes, Dell M. Allen, Melvin C. Hunt, Donald H. Kropf, G. Gutowski, A. Harrison, M.E. Smith, Curtis L. Kastner
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Thirty-eight crossbred steers of known background were randomly assigned to four feeding regimes. All initially were fed on a brome and bluestem pasture supplemented during winter with alfalfa and protein. Ten grass-fed animals were slaughtered directly off pasture at the end of summer. Ten steers were fed an additional 49 days (short-fed), and eight 98 days (long-fed) on 80 percent concentrate and 20 percent corn silage. In addition, ten silage-fed animals were fed 60 percent corn silage and 40 percent concentrate for 98 days. Carcass characteristics were evaluated along with shear force (tenderness) and taste panel responses.
Conception Rates In Synchronized Heifers Bred At Various Times After Onset Of Estrus, R.C. Debenedetti, G.H. Kiracofe, H.S. Ward, R.M. Mckee
Conception Rates In Synchronized Heifers Bred At Various Times After Onset Of Estrus, R.C. Debenedetti, G.H. Kiracofe, H.S. Ward, R.M. Mckee
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
One hundred seven of 112 heifers were in estrus 1 to 5 days after an injection of prostaglandin F2αgiven when a 7-day synchronization implant was removed. Checks for estrus were made every four hours and heifers were bred 6, 10, 14, 18, 22, or 26 hours after being detected in estrus. Eight heifers were not bred on schedule. Sixty-seven of 99 (67.7%) bred on schedule conceived to first artificial insemination. Conception rates were similar in heifers bred 6 to 26 hours after being detected in estrus, no differences were noted in conception rates between A.M. and P.M. breedings.
Results Of Kansas Demonstrations On Implanting Suckling Calves And Yearlings, L. Corah, F. Schwartz, F. Brazle, T. Orwig, G. Francis
Results Of Kansas Demonstrations On Implanting Suckling Calves And Yearlings, L. Corah, F. Schwartz, F. Brazle, T. Orwig, G. Francis
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
To encourage greater use of implants in beef cattle industry in Kansas, 62 implant demonstrations were conducted in 31 different counties in Kansas. 1,402 implanted suckling calves gained an average of 15.1 pounds more than 694 non-implanted calves. In 19 yearling trials, 616 implanted yearling steers and heifers gained 20.0 pounds more than 365 yearlings. The results suggest utilizing implants as a regular management practice for suckling steer calves and yearling steers and heifers.
Response Of Yearling Steers To Burning And Fertilizing Bluestem Pasture And Intensively Stocking Early, E.F. Smith, L.H. Harbers, Clenton E. Owensby, Don Boggs
Response Of Yearling Steers To Burning And Fertilizing Bluestem Pasture And Intensively Stocking Early, E.F. Smith, L.H. Harbers, Clenton E. Owensby, Don Boggs
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Six pastures totaling 328 acres were summer grazed by yearling steers. Four pastures were burned April 23, 1976; two were not burned. One of the burned pastures had 40 lbs. of nitrogen per acre applied aerially April 29, 1976. Another burned pasture was stocked at twice the normal rate (intensively stocked early) from April 28 to July 15. The other pastures were stocked from April 28 to October 6, 1976.
Solar Energy For Preheating Ventilating Air (1977), C K. Spillman, F V. Robbins, B A. Koch
Solar Energy For Preheating Ventilating Air (1977), C K. Spillman, F V. Robbins, B A. Koch
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
The basic concept of the solar energy collector- storage system for preheating ventilating air is sound, and it should be an economic alternative as energy becomes less available and/or more expensive. Based on current energy prices it can't be justified on a strict economic basis without large tax credits. We plan to continue research, working with other scientists, to develop it so that functional and reliable units can be constructed when our national energy situation demands such a solar energy system.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 10, 1977
Exhaust Air From A Farrowing House Used To Heat A Greenhouse (1977), J K. Greig, C K. Spillman, B A. Koch
Exhaust Air From A Farrowing House Used To Heat A Greenhouse (1977), J K. Greig, C K. Spillman, B A. Koch
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Exhaust air from the Kansas State University swine farrowing house provides most of the heat needed in a greenhouse adjacent to it. The air apparently is not toxic to any of the vegetable plants tested. Tomato plants in the exhaust-air-heated greenhouse have grown faster and bigger, come into yield sooner, and produced several times more tomatoes than have plants grown in the control greenhouse heated by propane.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 10, 1977