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1977

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Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences

Recent Developments In Feed Transportation To New England, Stanley K. Seaver, William J. Hanekamp Dec 1977

Recent Developments In Feed Transportation To New England, Stanley K. Seaver, William J. Hanekamp

Storrs Agricultural Experiment Station

No abstract provided.


Distribution And Behavior Study Of Diurnal Tree Squirrels In Portland, Oregon, With Emphasis On The Western Gray Squirrel (Sciurus Griseus Griseus Ord) And The Western Fox Squirrel (S. Niger Rufiventer E. Geoffroy St.-Hilaire), Ira Young Rice Iii Aug 1977

Distribution And Behavior Study Of Diurnal Tree Squirrels In Portland, Oregon, With Emphasis On The Western Gray Squirrel (Sciurus Griseus Griseus Ord) And The Western Fox Squirrel (S. Niger Rufiventer E. Geoffroy St.-Hilaire), Ira Young Rice Iii

Dissertations and Theses

Populations of diurnal tree squirrels in the Portland area were located by mail surveys, personal interviews, and field inspections. Pine squirrels were found to reside in thickly wooded residential areas with dense understories and running water nearby. Western gray squirrels occupied habitats in relatively quiet residential neighborhoods, in areas well supplied with mast crops. Western fox squirrels were found to coexist with gray squirrels in their preferred habitat, and also to thrive in park settings with few mast trees and high activity and noise levels. In areas occupied by both fox and gray squirrels, dominant-subordinate relationships were noted. Each species …


A Behavioral Study Of A Small Group Of Pikas (Ochotona Princeps) On Mt. Hood, Oregon, Nancy A. Ewen Frazier May 1977

A Behavioral Study Of A Small Group Of Pikas (Ochotona Princeps) On Mt. Hood, Oregon, Nancy A. Ewen Frazier

Dissertations and Theses

Observations or a small group of pikas, (Ochotona princeps) occupying a southwest facing roadfill on Mt. Hood, Oregon (1518 m) were made during the fall or 1976. Territorial sizes of 305.5 m2 and 121 m2 were determined based on territorial displays. These territories were compared with those observed in other studies. The mean distance to the nearest neighbor was 15.1 m. A pair relationship between two of the pikas and a dominance order are discussed. The seasonal progression of the haypiles and the reactions of the pikas to other animals are also noted.


Behavioral Temperature Regulation In The Turtle Pseudemys Scripta Elegans, Michael H. Johnston May 1977

Behavioral Temperature Regulation In The Turtle Pseudemys Scripta Elegans, Michael H. Johnston

Dissertations and Theses

A group of red-eared turtles (Pseudemys scripta elegans) was acclimated to 18-20˚C and artificial photo-period for 21 days. The animals were then individually placed in a thermal gradient and their selected temperatures were continuously recorded for 24 hours. A second group of turtles was acclimatized to 7.5-11.0˚C and natural photoperiods for 28 days, and subsequently tested in the same manner as the first group. Lastly, the turtles in the first group, after being acclimated to 3.0˚C and the previous artificial photoperiod for 14 days, were retested in the gradient.


The Intestinal Platyhelminths Of Southwestern And Central West Virginia Amphibia And Relationships Between The Degree Of Infestation And Habitat Of Amphibians And Sex Of Host, Stanley B. Mills Jan 1977

The Intestinal Platyhelminths Of Southwestern And Central West Virginia Amphibia And Relationships Between The Degree Of Infestation And Habitat Of Amphibians And Sex Of Host, Stanley B. Mills

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

In April and May, 1977, 397 (14 species) amphibians were collected from southwestern and central West Virginia and examined for parasites. Five species of trematodes and two species of cestodes were found from 93 hosts. The total of 397 amphibians was subdivided, for convenience, into six categories of amphibians; aquatic male and female, terrestro-aquatic male and female, and terrestrial male and female. Nine of 24 (37.5%). female aquatic amphibians was the highest incidence found, while terrestro-aquatic females contained the highest mean number (6.0) worms per incidence, and parasite loads of host. Hosts, each platyhelminth specimen are given.


Synchronization Of Estrus And Insemination Time In Beef Cows, M.D. Heekin, G.H. Kiracofe, R.R. Schalles, H.S. Ward Jan 1977

Synchronization Of Estrus And Insemination Time In Beef Cows, M.D. Heekin, G.H. Kiracofe, R.R. Schalles, H.S. Ward

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

We used 76 cows to determine the effect of inseminating at different times after detecting estrus and to evaluate Synchronization B as an estrus synchronizing agent. Cows were divided into five groups: (1) nonsynchronized bred naturally; (2) nonsynchronized bred once a day approximately 12 to 24 hours after detecting estrus; (3) nonsynchronized bred twice a day approximately 12 hours after estrus; (4) synchronized bred once a day, and (5) synchronized bred twice a day. Synchronizing did not affect conception rate with twice-a-day breeding, but did with once-a-day breeding. Conception rates during the first 25 days of the breeding season were …


Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Different Cattle Types, H.D. Loveday, Dell M. Allen, Michael E. Dikeman Jan 1977

Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Different Cattle Types, H.D. Loveday, Dell M. Allen, Michael E. Dikeman

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Different cattle types were evaluated for growth, feed efficiency, and carcass and meat traits. Hereford (H), Angus (A), Red Poll (RP), Brown Swiss (BS), Gelbvieh (G), Maine Anjou (MA) and Chianina sires were mated artificially to Angus and Hereford cows to obtain different crossbred (X) cattle types. Two calf crops were born in March, April, and May of 1973, and 1974, and weaned when 200 days old. All male calves (787) were castrated, fed out and slaughtered in a commercial plant. Carcasses were graded in the cooler and the right side was transported to KSU for detailed cutout and meat …


Weaning Calves’ Response To A Medicated Top Dressing, A.A. Fleck, R.R. Schalles, Jack G. Riley, G. Fink, D.S. O' Banion Jan 1977

Weaning Calves’ Response To A Medicated Top Dressing, A.A. Fleck, R.R. Schalles, Jack G. Riley, G. Fink, D.S. O' Banion

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Adding a medicated top dressing to a weaning calf ration did not reduce calf sickness, but increased weight gains the second and third weeks of a three-week weaning trial.


In Vitro Digestibility Of Flint Hill Rangeland Forages, J.E. Umoh, L.H. Harbers, E.F. Smith, J. Whitney, Don Boggs Jan 1977

In Vitro Digestibility Of Flint Hill Rangeland Forages, J.E. Umoh, L.H. Harbers, E.F. Smith, J. Whitney, Don Boggs

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

We used an in vitro digestibility technique to determine the nutritive value of predominately native bluestem forage on burned and nonburned Flint Hills pastures. We also collected forage samples via esophageal fistulas to get what the animals consumed while grazing selectively. Summary Dry matter (DM) digestibilities for 11 months by both techniques followed changes in climatic conditions. The lowest DM digestibility averaged about 65% in October, 1975, and June, 1976; the highest (about 80%) was between February and March 1976. The grass selected by animals was usually more digestible than that harvested by hand. However, in vitro digestibility of the …


Wheat, Barley, Oat And Corn Silage Rations For Growing Steers, K. Bolsen, J. Oltjen, Jack G. Riley Jan 1977

Wheat, Barley, Oat And Corn Silage Rations For Growing Steers, K. Bolsen, J. Oltjen, Jack G. Riley

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Eleven wheat, barley, oat and corn silages were evaluated in two steers growing trials in 1975 and 1976. In both trials, steers fed barley or corn silages had similar rate and efficiency of gains. Also, barley and corn silages supported greater performance than any of the seven wheat or oat silages. In the 1976 trial steers fed Trio or Lodi oat silage had the lowest feed consumption and made the slowest and least efficient gains. For an average of the two trials barley and corn silages had similar feeding values. Wheat silages had 90 and 80% the relative feeding value …


Milo Stover, Forage Sorghum And Alfalfa Silages For Growing Heifers, K. Bolsen, Jack G. Riley, C. Grimes Jan 1977

Milo Stover, Forage Sorghum And Alfalfa Silages For Growing Heifers, K. Bolsen, Jack G. Riley, C. Grimes

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Ninety heifer calves were used to compare six rations containing various combinations of milo stover, forage sorghum and alfalfa silages. In the 96-day trial, heifers fed 100% forage sorghum silage outperformed heifers fed 100% milo stover silage. Adding forage sorghum or alfalfa silage to the 100% milo stover silage ration improved rate and efficiency of gain. Observed gains and efficiencies for the 67% milo stover + 33% forage sorghum and for the 33% milo stover + 67% forage sorghum silage rations exceeded predicted gains and efficiencies an average of 10.7% and 11.5%, respectively.


Sources Of Roughage And Milo For Finishing Steers, K. Bolsen, Jack G. Riley Jan 1977

Sources Of Roughage And Milo For Finishing Steers, K. Bolsen, Jack G. Riley

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Steers fed corn silage gained significantly (P<.05) faster than steers fed any other roughage. Wheat silage ranked second with gains significantly (P<.05) more than gains from milo stover silage, alfalfa hay or corn silage-alfalfa hay combination. Corn silage also produced the most efficient gains, which were significantly (P<.05) more efficient than gains from milo stover silage. Feeding 100% of the grain portion of finishing ratinos as high moisture milo resulted in 13% faster (P<.05) and 13% more efficient (P<.05) gains than feeding equal parts of high moisture milo and dry rolled milo.


Animal Performance Changes Related To Time On Feed, A. Chestnut, B.E. Brent Jan 1977

Animal Performance Changes Related To Time On Feed, A. Chestnut, B.E. Brent

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

We are developing mathematical models to show how feed intake, rate of gain, and feed efficiency change during the finishing period. When finished, the models might be used to predict when to sell cattle to maximize profit or minimize loss, to plan feed inventories, or to predict when animals have reached a desired grade.


Scrotal Measurements And Visual Scores Of Boar Testicle Size Correlated With Testicle Weight (1977), Duane L. Davis, Robert H. Hines Jan 1977

Scrotal Measurements And Visual Scores Of Boar Testicle Size Correlated With Testicle Weight (1977), Duane L. Davis, Robert H. Hines

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Scrotal measurements and visual scores of testicle size were determined for 59 boars used in nutrition and physiology studies. The best predictors of testicular weight were visual scores (average of 3 observers) and partial-circumference measurements. Though visual score was an accurate predictor within groups scored at the same time, it was not a dependable predictor when it included combined scores of groups scored at different times.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 10, 1977


Ksu Aerobic Swine Waste Handling System - A Progress Report (1977), B A. Koch, G L. Allee, R I. Lipper, Robert H. Hines Jan 1977

Ksu Aerobic Swine Waste Handling System - A Progress Report (1977), B A. Koch, G L. Allee, R I. Lipper, Robert H. Hines

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

At the KSU swine research unit, the aerobic oxidation waste-disposal system continues to function satisfactorily. Though problems and maintenance are minimal, routine observation and maintenance are necessary to prevent development of problems. Odor is not a problem. Waste fluid can be spread on fields any time that soil is not too wet and--regardless of wind direction or humidity conditions--nearby neighbors do not complain. Pigs are performing satisfactorily in all buildings. Flies are easily controlled, suitable sanitation is easily maintained, and working conditions are satisfactory.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 10, 1977


Effect Of Choline Supplementation To Corn-Soybean Meal Rations On Pig Performance (1977), G L. Allee Jan 1977

Effect Of Choline Supplementation To Corn-Soybean Meal Rations On Pig Performance (1977), G L. Allee

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Eight-four crossbred gilts initially averaging 8.2 kg. (18.0 lbs.) were used to evaluate the effects of supplemental choline to corns-soybean meal rations on pig performance. Four levels of choline were fed during each ration phase (starter, grower, finisher). The trial was terminated when pigs within a replicate averaged approximately 100 kg. (220lbs.). Supplemental choline had no significant effect on average daily gain or feed efficiency.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 10, 1977


Blended Dried Bakery Product In Swine Starter Rations (1977), G L. Allee Jan 1977

Blended Dried Bakery Product In Swine Starter Rations (1977), G L. Allee

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A growth trial, a digestion trial, and a preference trial were conducted to evaluate a blended dried bakery product (BDBP) as an ingredient in swine starter rations. Replacing 0, 10, 20, or 30% corn with BDBP had no effect on average daily gain or feed efficiency. When given a choice, pigs preferred a ration containing 20% BDBP. The energy and protein digestibilities in BOBP were 91.5% and 87.88%, respectively.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 10, 1977


Pseudorabies (1977), D A. Schoneweis Jan 1977

Pseudorabies (1977), D A. Schoneweis

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Pseudorabies has been talked and written about so much the last few years that it seems that there isn't anything left to be said. It may be that so much has been said about the disease that now is the time to review the disease as it relates to Kansas swine producers. First of all, I'd like to discuss briefly two factors that need to be clarified: (1), pseudorabies is not to be confused with rabies--there are no recorded instances of humans being affected by the virus; and (2), pseudorabies is not a new disease. First reported in scientific literature …


Effect Of Grain Source And 0 Or 4% Added Fat On Performance Of Finishing Pigs (1977), G L. Allee Jan 1977

Effect Of Grain Source And 0 Or 4% Added Fat On Performance Of Finishing Pigs (1977), G L. Allee

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Seventy-two crossbred finishing pigs averaging 55.9 kg. (123.0 lbs.) were used (in a 3 x 2 factorial design) to compare performance when fed sorghum, corn, or wheat with 0 or 4% added fat (tallow). There were no significant differences in average daily gain or feed efficiency among pigs fed sorghum, corn, or wheat. Adding 4% fat (to each grain ration) resulted in a slight improvement in gain and an improved feed efficiency. Pigs fed wheat with 4% fat added showed The greatest improvement in daily gain and feed efficiency.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 10, 1977


Social Communication In Canids: Evidence For The Evolution Of A Stereotyped Mammalian Display, Marc Bekoff Jan 1977

Social Communication In Canids: Evidence For The Evolution Of A Stereotyped Mammalian Display, Marc Bekoff

Ethology Collection

The variability in the duration and form of the canid play bow was studied in infant coyotes, wolves, wolf-dog hybrids, beagles, and adult free-ranging dogs. Both duration and form showed marked stereotypy. It appears that the role of this context-specific social signal in the communication of play intention has been fostered by selection for "morphological" stereotypy.


Comparison Of Anthelmintic And Anti-Bacterial Agents Fed Weanling Pigs Reared On Pasture (1977), B A. Koch, S M. Kruckenberg, Robert H. Hines Jan 1977

Comparison Of Anthelmintic And Anti-Bacterial Agents Fed Weanling Pigs Reared On Pasture (1977), B A. Koch, S M. Kruckenberg, Robert H. Hines

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Forty-eight Yorkshire pigs averaging 35 lbs. were used to compare their performance under these feeding sequences: (A) mecadox plus banminth, received until weighing 75 lbs., followed by terrarnyci n to 125 lbs.; (B) worming with tramisol initially and feeding ASP-250 until weighing 125 lbs. To market weight, pigs in both treatment groups were fed a nonmedicated finisher diet. Rate of gain was similar for both treatments; the sequence A pigs, however, required 6% fewer lbs. of feed per pound of gain. Pigs fed banminth had, after 35 days, no ascarid scars in their livers and no ascarids in their intestines. …


Use Of Oats And Fat In Swine Grower Rations (1977), Robert H. Hines Jan 1977

Use Of Oats And Fat In Swine Grower Rations (1977), Robert H. Hines

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two feeding trials involving 112 Yorkshire weaned pigs (25 lbs.) were conducted to study the use of oats and fat in grower rations. Adding 3% fat (soy oil) to the fortified corn-soybean control ration reduced daily feed intake, but improved feed efficiency. Incorporating 40% oats in a fortified corn-soybean meal grower ration resulted in similar pig performance for rate of gain, daily feed intake, and feed efficiency even though the ration contained 6.5% fiber. Pigs fed a diet containing 40% oats and 5% fat gained 5% faster and were 10% more efficient than pigs fed the control ration.; Swine Day, …


Blended Dried Bakery Product In Swine Finishing Rations (1977), G L. Allee Jan 1977

Blended Dried Bakery Product In Swine Finishing Rations (1977), G L. Allee

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Eighty-four crossbred pigs averaging 43.6 kg. (95.9 lbs.) initially were used to evaluate the use of a blended dried bakery product (BDBP) in rations for finishing pigs. Replacing 0, 10, 20, or 30% of the sorghum in the basal ration with BDBP resulted in a small increase (0.06-0.08 lbs./ day) in average daily gain of the pigs and significantly improved their feed efficiency. Twenty percent BDBP appeared to give the best results; however, 30% had no adverse effects.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 10, 1977


Stress Susceptibility In Pigs Selected For Muscling (1977), J D. Wheat, Donald H. Kropf, Robert H. Hines Jan 1977

Stress Susceptibility In Pigs Selected For Muscling (1977), J D. Wheat, Donald H. Kropf, Robert H. Hines

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Duroc swine selected for muscling seemingly are more susceptible to stress than are ordinary pigs. The highly significant difference in serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK) levels (an average score of 30.07) in those pigs and levels (18.88) in control-line pigs indicates that pigs selected for increased muscling are more susceptible to stress because exercise causes CPK levels to be proportionately higher in their blood serum than would be the case were the pigs not under stress.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 10, 1977


Flavor Enhancers And/Or Vitamin C In Growing-Finishing Rations (1977), B A. Koch, G L. Allee, Robert H. Hines Jan 1977

Flavor Enhancers And/Or Vitamin C In Growing-Finishing Rations (1977), B A. Koch, G L. Allee, Robert H. Hines

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Supplemental vitamin C fed at two different levels (550 or 1,100mg, per kg, of diet) did not improve animal performance at the swine research center. Adding apple flavor or sodium bicarbonate did not change results.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 10, 1977


Rations Containing Sorghum, Corn, Or Wheat With 0 Or 4% Added Fat For Weaned Pigs (1977), G L. Allee Jan 1977

Rations Containing Sorghum, Corn, Or Wheat With 0 Or 4% Added Fat For Weaned Pigs (1977), G L. Allee

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

One hundred eight crossbred, weaned pigs averaging 10.0ks (22.1 lbs.) were used to compare rations containing sorghum, corn, or wheat with 0 or 4% added fat (tallow) on performance of young pigs. There were no significant differences in average daily gain or feed efficiency among pigs fed sorghum, corn, or wheat with no added fat; and adding 4 % fat to the rations did not affect gain but did result in a slight improvement in feed/gain.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 10, 1977


Feeding Barrows And Gilts Three Protein Sequences To Heavier Market Weight, Robert H. Hines Jan 1977

Feeding Barrows And Gilts Three Protein Sequences To Heavier Market Weight, Robert H. Hines

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Forty-eight Yorkshire barrows and 48 Yorkshire gilts were fed separately three protein sequences to a finish weight of 250 to 260 lbs. Barrows gained faster and were more efficient on protein sequence B (16% protein diet from 100 to 135 lbs.; then 14% diet to finish weight) and C (same as B except that barrows were switched at 210 lbs. to a 12% diet to final weight) than on A (16% protein diet from 100 lbs. to final weight). Gilts gained fastest and were most efficient when fed sequence A. Both barrows and gilts gained slower after attaining the weight …


Forage Intake As One Estimate Of The Nutritive Value Of Flint Hills Rangeland Forage, J.E. Umoh, L.H. Harbers, E.F. Smith Jan 1977

Forage Intake As One Estimate Of The Nutritive Value Of Flint Hills Rangeland Forage, J.E. Umoh, L.H. Harbers, E.F. Smith

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Forage intake was used as an estimate of the nutritive value of Flint Hills pastures. The organic matter intake (OMI) ranged from 16.3 lb. to 22.05 lb. (7.40 to 10.0 kg) between June-August, 1976, and there was no clear difference between the burned and nonburned pastures. Intake seems to fluctuate with maturity of grass, digestibility, and as grazing season progresses. More data are still needed for computing the nutritive value of Flint Hill pastures.


Sire Breed Effects On Economic Efficiency Of A Terminal-Cross Beef Production System, G.M. Smith, Michael E. Dikeman Jan 1977

Sire Breed Effects On Economic Efficiency Of A Terminal-Cross Beef Production System, G.M. Smith, Michael E. Dikeman

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

This article was abstracted from a manuscript by Gerald H. Smith, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, Nebraska which appeared in the December, 1976, issue of the Journal of Animal Science. The carcass and meats research data for the study were coordinated by Dr. Michael E. Dikeman, Kansas State University, so permission was granted to present results of that study here. Performance and carcass characteristics of the cattle were presented in the 1975 Cattlemen's Day Report.


Selecting For Feed Conversion, R.R. Schalles, J.K. Blum, W.H. Smith Jan 1977

Selecting For Feed Conversion, R.R. Schalles, J.K. Blum, W.H. Smith

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Selecting animals for decreased feed per unit of gain has made small changes in feed conversion over a four-year period. Adjusting for maintenance requirements by using mid weight to 0.75 power was not entirely satisfactory as that ignores differences in growth patterns. Favorable genetic relationships were found between feed conversion and most other economically important traits, especially yearling growth traits.