Life Sciences Commons^™

Port Everglades Macroinvertebrate Monitoring: Monitoring Of Benthic Macroinvertebrate Assemblages At The Southport Turning Basin And Adjacent Areas Of John U. Lloyd State Recreation Area: August 1991, Charles G. Messing, Richard E. Dodge, Alan Sosnow

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Reports

This report documents the August 1991 monitoring of benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages in the Port Everglades Southport turning basin vicinity and adjacent areas of John U. Lloyd State Recreation Area. This is the first monitoring effort of the series carried out by Nova University Oceanographic Center. As of this sampling period, the turning basin is complete and in operation; mitigation areas in John U. Lloyd Park exhibit considerable vegetative expansion of cord grass, growth of mangrove seedlings, and natural recruitment of additional mangrove propagules (including black and white mangroves).

Sampling was carried out during the last week of August and extended …

Ua66/6/3/1 Biennial Report, Kentucky Gamma, Alpha Epsilon Delta

Student Organizations

Biennial report created by and about the Kentucky Gamma Chapter of Alpha Epsilon Delta premedical honor society sponsored by WKU Biology.

Current Status Of National Cattle Evaluation Programs For Carcass Traits, Larry Benyshek

South Dakota Beef Seedstock Symposium, 1991

At present, diet conscious consumers are exerting considerable pressure on the beef industry. Consumers continually indicate they are concerned about, and in fact, will not tolerate fat associated with red meat products (Breidenstein, 1988). This has resulted in many retailers trimming various cuts of beef to 1/8 inch of subcutaneous fat and in some cases a complete trimming of fat. It is probably conservative to estimate the industry produces an excess of 500 million pounds of fat each year from those carcasses with a yield grade above two. This excess fat represents the nutritional energy in more than a million …

Real-Time Ultrasound To Predict Carcass Traits In Live Cattle, Gene Rouse

South Dakota Beef Seedstock Symposium, 1991

Ultrasound technology offers a low-cost alternative to expensive and time-consuming progeny testing of beef sires for carcass merit. Expected progeny differences (EPDs) for carcass traits such as fat cover, ribeye area, and marbling would provide a tremendous tool to the beef 'cattle industry for producing a high quality, uniform end product. With these EPDs, breeders and commercial bull buyers will be able to directionally change the end product through genetic improvement programs. The objective of this report is to relate the accuracy with which fat cover and ribeye area can be measured with ultrasound equipment when compared with carcass measurements …

Impacts Of Types On Feed And Market Requirements, Donald L. Boggs

South Dakota Beef Seedstock Symposium, 1991

So you want to make them bigger! Or, do you want to add some milk to your cow herd? Improvements in these and other traits offer opportunities to increase production through higher weaning weights. However, the increased outputs are accompanied by increased feed and management inputs. Available research indicates that the increased production may or may not outweigh the increased inputs. Mature cow size and level of milk production are typically the factors considered when changes in cattle type are discussed. Numerous research studies have been conducted to evaluate the effects of these factors on biological and economic efficiency. In …

Which Cows Are More Efficient, D. M. Marshall

South Dakota Beef Seedstock Symposium, 1991

On the surface, the topic of cow efficiency may seem to be primarily of importance to commercial cow-calf producers. The topic is also of importance to seedstock producers, because the primary purpose of the seedstock industry is to provide genetic resources for the commercial industry. It is critical that seedstock producers develop a good understanding of the challenges faced by commercial producers in order to provide the best possible services. Feed costs for the cow herd represent the single largest expense in producing retail beef. The proportion of total energy utilized in beef production that is required to support the …

The State Of Interbreed Epds, Jim Gibb

South Dakota Beef Seedstock Symposium, 1991

During the past ten years, the use of Expected Progeny Differences (EPDs) by both seedstock producers and commercial cattlemen has increased markedly. EPDs have proven to be very valuable for discerning within breed sire differences, but are still of no value for comparing sires between breeds. Even though EPDs were never intended for across breed comparisons, many commercial cattlemen find this limitation to be very frustrating.

Beef Cattle National Genetic Evaluation Programs, Larry Benyshek

South Dakota Beef Seedstock Symposium, 1991

Selection alters the frequency of genes in a population (breed) affecting a particular characteristic. Population genetic change is difficult for breeders to understand because they deal with individuals when making selection decisions and in their merchandising programs. Nevertheless, breeds (populations) which practice intense selection for characteristics of economic importance to the cattle industry will change genetically and eventually be the successful populations because they will leave the most progeny in the next generation. The genetic improvement of a population (breed) cannot overlook the individual because the individual, if selected, is the vehicle containing the genes which are to be passed …

Calving Difficulty In Beef Cattle: Part I, Harlan D. Ritchie, Peter T. Anderson

South Dakota Beef Seedstock Symposium, 1991

Calving difficulty (dystocia) can increase calf losses, cow mortality, and veterinary and labor costs, as well as delay return to estrus, and lower conception rates. In two studies at the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center (MARC), Clay Center, Nebraska, calf losses within 24 hours of birth averaged 4 percent for those born with little or no assistance compared to 16 percent for those requiring assistance. Calf mortality increased by a 0.35 percent per pound increase in birth weight. In a Hereford herd at the U.S. Livestock and Range Research Station. Miles City, Montana, 57 percent of all calf losses were …

Establishing Genetic Lines For Goal Oriented Buyers, Richard Janssen

South Dakota Beef Seedstock Symposium, 1991

No abstract provided.

Computations Associated With National Beef Cattle Evaluation Programs, Larry Benyshek

South Dakota Beef Seedstock Symposium, 1991

In 1971-72 the first U.S. National Sire Summary was published by a beef cattle breed association. At that time the idea of extending beef performance records into a national progeny testing program was indeed revolutionary. Until 1972, truly accurate comparisons of bulls could only be made within a herd-year-season contemporary group. The first and subsequent National Sire Summaries compared bulls across herds and/or generations.

Calving Difficulty In Beef Cattle: Part Ii, Harlan D. Ritchie, Peter T. Anderson

South Dakota Beef Seedstock Symposium, 1991

Many cattlemen believe reducing dietary energy during late pregnancy will decrease fetal size resulting in improved calving ease, whereas increasing energy will increase fetal size leading to a higher incidence of dystocia. Generally speaking, research has shown that lowering the energy allowance will decrease birth weight but will not significantly reduce dystocia. At MARC, Hereford and Angus 2-year-old heifers were fed three levels of energy (10.8, 13.7 or 17 .0 lb TDN/head/day) for 90 days prior to calving. Increasing the level of dietary energy resulted in increased birth weight but not increased dystocia; in fact, the incidence of calving difficulty …

Northeast Research Station Watertown, South Dakota Annual Progress Report, 1991, Agricultural Experiment Station, Plant Science Department

Agricultural Experiment Station and Research Farm Annual Reports

This is the 1991 annual progress report for the Northeast Research Station in Watertown, South Dakota. This report is issued by the South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station and the South Dakota State University Plant Science Department. This report includes information on the 1991 crop season, including precipitation data, grain and crop research, breeding, and variety testing, soybean row space study, weed control studies and cost, crop performance test, 1991 crop yields system productivity from 1985-1991, plant nutrition, soil test and research, profitability comparisons for farming system trials, weed populations.

1991 South Dakota Beef Seedstock Symposium, December 13-14, 1991, Department Of Animal And Range Sciences, South Dakota State University

South Dakota Beef Seedstock Symposium, 1991

This is the complete publication of presentations from the 1991 South Dakota Seedstock Symposium held on December 13-14, 1991 at South Dakota State University, Brookings.

Ua12/2/1 All Creatures Great & Small, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Archives Records

Special magazine edition of the College Heights Herald:

• Hadley, Kim. Each Day is Something Extra – Reg Laswell, AIDS, HIV
• Baldwin, Paul. You Have to Love Animals to Work Here – Bowling Green/Warren County Animal Shelter

A Quality Audit Of The Beef Industry, Gary C. Smith

Range Beef Cow Symposium

"Quality," in the context it will be discussed here, includes all of the factors that affect value/desirability of U.S. slaughter cattle (steers/heifers slaughtered at 9 to 42 months of age, immediately following a period of 90 to 300 days of high-concentrate feeding) in terms of the value/desirability of their carcasses and dress-off/offal items.

How Much Fat Can The Different Segments Of Our Industry Accept?, Bill Mies

Range Beef Cow Symposium

The management of fat content of the carcass, both subcutaneous fat and marbling, will be the challenge of the future for the cattle feeders of the U.S. The cattle feeder will have to juggle carcass weights, quality grade and yield grade in order to determine the appropriate end point for fed cattle. The input data for decisions will be the Choice-Select spread, yield grade discounts, feed costs, interest costs, cost of feeder cattle and genetic potential of the cattle in question.

There is a perception among cattle feeders that, in the future, the packers will simply dictate the type of …

Consumer Perceptions: The Good, The Bad, And The Ugly, Amy Barr

Range Beef Cow Symposium

With over 105 years of editorial and consumer research experience, which influences 27 million consumers, we at Good Housekeeping know that the 1990's will be an era of enormous change with a hold on traditions of the past.

Biotechnology – Harnessing An Exciting New Tool For Beef Production, Burke Healey

Range Beef Cow Symposium

As ranchers and cattle breeders we are entering what may well be the most exciting decade of our era. A new tool has been unleashed. That tool is biotechnology. Yes, the future is here. All we have to do is harness this amazing breakthrough.

A Cattleman's View Of Different Methods For Utilizing Heterosis, Steve Radakovich

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Crossbreeding advantages and disadvantages and crossbreeding systems are not new subjects in the United States beef industry. Crossbreeding has been in practice throughout my lifetime. It would be very difficult to locate a straight bred commercial cow herd in the midwest. Nevertheless, there are still misinterpretations and mistakes being made with crossbreeding methods.

It would be sage to say that a vast majority of producers made their first cross to gain breed complementarity. Straight bred cow herds were bred to a bull of a different breed, usually new breed, to gain the inherent trait advantage of that breed. This was …

The State Of Interbreed Epds, Jim Gibb

Range Beef Cow Symposium

During the past ten years, the use of Expected Progeny Differences (EPDs) by both seedstock producers and commercial cattlemen has increased markedly. EPDs have proven to be very valuable for discerning within breed sire differences, but are still of no value for comparing sires between breeds. Even though EPDs were never intended for across breed comparisons, many commercial cattlemen find this limitation to be very frustrating.

Represented in Table 1 are the birth year EPD averages for all animals born in 1990 for six different breeds. One quick glance reveals why EPDs cannot be compared across breeds. Anyone with knowledge …

Retained Ownership Revisited: Balancing Market Prices And Genetic Potential, John J. Wagner, Dillon M. Feuz

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Retained ownership is a marketing strategy that involves maintaining ownership of young cattle beyond calf weaning, a traditional marketing time for many producers. Numerous retained ownership strategies exist. It is extremely important for producers and their lenders to clearly understand the advantages and disadvantages of a specific retained ownership strategy in order to fully evaluate profit potential.

The advantages and disadvantages of retained ownership have been discussed by several authors. Advantages include 1) compensation for superior genetics, 2) reduction in market inefficiencies, 3) increased quality control in beef, 4) reduction in market risk for frost or drought damaged crops and …

Characteristics Of Diverse Breeds In Cycle Iv Of The Cattle Germ Plasm Evaluation Program At The U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Larry V. Cundiff, Keith Gregory, R. M. Koch, John D. Crouse, Michael E. Dikeman

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Breed differences in performance characteristics are an important genetic resource for improving efficiency of beef production. Diverse breeds are required to exploit heterosis and complementarity through crossbreeding and new composite breeds and to match genetic potential with diverse markets, feed resources and climates. This report presents preliminary results from an ongoing study at the Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center (MARC) to characterize breeds of cattle representing diverse biological types for traits that influence quantity and value of production.

How Does A Rancher Utilize Irm And Firm, Rob Ravenscroft

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Holistic Resource Management (FIRM) and Integrated Resource Management (IRM) have' become "buzzwords" in the range management community and the cattle industry. A certain amount of confusion exists as to what they are and what the similarities and differences are. Does one replace the other? Do they conflict or can both be used beneficially?

As a member of a family working to operate our ranch holistically, and as a member of Nebraska's IRM Coordinating Committee, it's my opinion that there are differences, each has strengths, and the use of both, concurrently, can be highly beneficial. To explain these opinions, an understanding …

Taming Blizzards For Animal Protection, Drift Control, And Stock Water, R. L. Jairell, R. A. Schmidt

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Taming blizzards, by reducing stress on range livestock and taking advantage of drift snow for stock water, can aid livestock production. This paper describes tools developed by the U.S. Forest Service while experimenting with practices to control wind and blowing snow.

Techniques for wind screening discussed here are (1) permanent livestock protection shelters, and (2) temporary, portable wind screens. Practices to control snow accumulation are discussed under the following broad objectives:

1. Preventing snowdrifts on roads, around buildings, corrals, or inside livestock shelters. Snow fences or shelterbelts are the most common methods. Buildings and shelters can be planned and located …

Protein Versus Grain Supplementation For Cows Grazing Winter Range, Don C. Adams

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Grazing rangeland during the fall-winter is common on many cattle ranches. Fall-winter grazing of cows generally reduces production costs when compared to feeding a full ration of harvested feeds. Fall-winter range forages alone may not maintain body weight and condition of the cow. Grazing fall-winter range generally has associated cost for supplemental feeds. This paper will look at the effects of protein and grain supplementation on cow performance and the costs of supplements.

Management Strategies For Improving The Re-Breeding Of The Cow, James E. Kinder, Leree A. Werth

Range Beef Cow Symposium

What are the primary factors that influence the ability of cows to rebreed following calving? From a broad perspective, two key factors influence when conception occurs. First, cows must initiate estrous (heat) cycles following calving to provide the proper conditions for conception to be possible. Secondly those events involved in conception must occur. We will discuss what has to occur before estrous cycles are initiated. The influence of the presence of bulls on initiation of estrous cycles is emphasized. In the second section of the paper, we describe conception rates in 2 and 3 year old cows during the early …

Exploring Mating Loads For Modern Beef Bulls, Garth W. Boyd

Range Beef Cow Symposium

One of the biggest challenges facing cow/calf producers today is cutting their costs of production. One possible strategy for lowering costs is to increase the production efficiency of the cow herd. A key area to focus on is the reproductive function of the beef bull because natural mating accounts for over 95% of the pregnancies achieved each year in the 33.7 million beef cows in the U.S.

It is becoming apparent that perhaps because of increased selection pressure on scrotal circumference, the modern beef bull is more fertile than the bull of yesterday, yet the majority of beef bulls are …

Matching Cattle Nutrient Requirements To A Ranch’S Forage Resource, Or “Why We Calve Late”, Gregg Simonds

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Our goal at Deseret Land and Livestock is to maximize long-term profit. Our profit is a function of the following factors: the prices we receive for our production, our amount of production, the costs of production, and the productive capabilities of our land and labor. Prices, production, and cost are managed on an annual basis. The long-term outcome of one’s management is determined by their attention and skill in enhancing the capability of land and labor.

These factors of profit can vary tremendously within and between years. For example, prices for 400-500 pound steer calves from 1979-1989 varied nearly $.58/pound …

Management Of High Nitrate Forages, Doug L. Hixon

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Each year various regions of western range country are affected by weather and other environmental conditions that stress growing plants, causing them to accumulate nitrates. Of 183 forage samples analyzed for nitrates at the Wyoming State Chemical Lab from July 1 to December 31, 1989, 27% had potassium nitrate levels of 1.5% or greater. At these levels, when ingested by livestock and particularly cattle, the possibility of nitrate toxicoses are highly probable. In this paper, an attempt will be made to review the literature in order to give the producer a better understanding of potential problems and precautions necessary to …