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1997

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Articles 31 - 60 of 246

Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences

Additions To The Vascular Flora Of San Clemente Island, Los Angeles County, California, With Notes On Clarifications And Deletions, Timothy S. Ross, Steve Boyd, Steve Junak Jan 1997

Additions To The Vascular Flora Of San Clemente Island, Los Angeles County, California, With Notes On Clarifications And Deletions, Timothy S. Ross, Steve Boyd, Steve Junak

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

The number of vascular plant taxa reported from San Clemente Island, California, is briefly summarized. Recent additions to the vascular flora are presented and, with one exception, representative voucher specimens are cited as substantiation. Of the taxa di scussed, 68 are previously unreported taxa, and six are substantiations of previously dubious reports. An additional dozen taxa are cited in relation to clarifications or deletions. Based on current knowledge, we estimate the known flora to consist of 396 species with an additional 19 infraspecific taxa represented. Of these 415 taxa, 69.2% (272 speciesl15 additional subspecies or varieties) are considered indigenous to …

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Phylogeny Of Polemoniaceae Based On Nuclear Ribosomal Internal Transcribed Spacer Dna Sequences, J. Mark Porter Jan 1997

Phylogeny Of Polemoniaceae Based On Nuclear Ribosomal Internal Transcribed Spacer Dna Sequences, J. Mark Porter

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) DNA sequences are used to estimate the phylogeny of 53 members of Polemoniaceae, representing all but two genera of the family. Fitch parsimony analysis of equal-weighted nucleotide sites result in 1080 minimal-length trees. However, when alignment-ambiguous positions are removed and an II: 10 transition to transversion weighting is imposed only eight trees are found. These data are used to address two issues: I) patterns of diversification in Polemoniaceae, and 2) the circumscription and monophyly of the genus Gilia. Although the monophyly of Polemoniaceae is well supported, relationships inferred among the earliest diverging lineages …

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Hierarchial Roots And Shoots Or Opera Jehovae Magna! (Psalms 111:2), Dan H. Nicolson Jan 1997

Hierarchial Roots And Shoots Or Opera Jehovae Magna! (Psalms 111:2), Dan H. Nicolson

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

The philosophy of Linnaeus's classification, Systema Naturae, is briefly reviewed, as well as those of post-Linnaean systems of plant classification. Texts of current codes of nomenclature pertaining to hierarchy, including associated rank terminations, are compared.

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Exploring Alternative Systems Of Classification, Kathleen A. Kron Jan 1997

Exploring Alternative Systems Of Classification, Kathleen A. Kron

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Classification involves the development of a system of naming clades that can represent evolutionary relationships accurately and concisely. Using the acid-loving heath plants (Ericales) as an example, one can explore the application of different classification methods. The Linnean system of naming retains the traditional hierarchical framework (named ranks) and allows for the application of many cuqently used names. The "phylogenetic systematic" approach recommends the removal of an absolute hierarchy but allows retention of traditionally used endings such as -aceae. Historical usage of these names can lead to confusion when the names are used within a discussion or text, especially when …

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Problems In Cladistic Classification: Higher-Level Relationships In Land Plants, Peter R. Crane, Paul Kenrick Jan 1997

Problems In Cladistic Classification: Higher-Level Relationships In Land Plants, Peter R. Crane, Paul Kenrick

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Recent cladistic analyses of green plants recognize an extensive hierarchical series of relatively well-supported monophyletic groups. Translating this hierarchical pattern of relationships into a usable and informative written classification is important for purposes of scientific communication, research and teaching. However, in the context of the "Linnean" hierarchy, as manifested in the current International code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN), effecting this translation confronts substantial practical difficulties--especially the proliferation of hierarchical levels. These problems are exacerbated by the current emphasis of the ICBN on a hierarchy in which different ranks have different formal rank-based endings. These difficulties could be ameliorated by de-emphasizing …

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Classification: More Than Just Branching Patterns Of Evolution, Tod F. Stuessy Jan 1997

Classification: More Than Just Branching Patterns Of Evolution, Tod F. Stuessy

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

The past 35 years in biological systematics have been a time of remarkable philosophical and methodological developments. For nearly a century after Darwin's Origin of Species, systematists worked to understand the diversity of nature based on evolutionary relationships. Numerous concepts were presented and elaborated upon, such as homology, parallelism, divergence, primitiveness and advancedness, cladogenesis and anagenesis. Classifications were based solidly on phylogenetic concepts; they were avowedly monophyletic. Phenetics emphasized the immense challenges represented by phylogeny reconstruction and advised against basing classifications upon it. Pheneticists forced reevaluation of all previous classificatory efforts, and objectivity and repeatability in both grouping and …

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The Linnaean Hierarchy And The Evolutionization Of Taxonomy, With Emphasis On The Problem Of Nomenclature, Kevin De Queiroz Jan 1997

The Linnaean Hierarchy And The Evolutionization Of Taxonomy, With Emphasis On The Problem Of Nomenclature, Kevin De Queiroz

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

During the post-Darwinian history of taxonomy, the Linnaean hierarchy has maintained its role as a means for representing hierarchical taxonomic relationships. During the same period, the principle of descent has taken on an increasingly important role as the basis for reformulated versions of fundamental taxonomic concepts and principles. Early in this history, the principle of descent provided an explanation for the existence of taxa and implied a nested, hierarchical structure for taxonomic relationships. Although an evolutionary explanation for taxa contradicted the Aristotelian context within which the Linnaean hierarchy was developed, the nested, hierarchical structure of taxonomic rela· tionships implied by …

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Karyotypes And Idiograms Of Some Western North American Species Of Lotus (Fabaceae), William F. Grant Jan 1997

Karyotypes And Idiograms Of Some Western North American Species Of Lotus (Fabaceae), William F. Grant

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Karyotypes and idiograms are presented for 12 species (L. argophyllus var. argophyllus, L. crassifolius, L. dendroideus var. dendroideus, L. grandifiorus, L. humistratus, L. oblongifolius var. oblongifolius, L. stipularis, L. scoparius var. scoparius, L. salsuginosus var. salsuginosus, L. rigidus, L. wrangelianus, L. wrightii) and 3 varieties (L. argophyllus var. argenteus, L. nevadensis var. douglasii, L. scoparius var. brevialatus) of Lotus L. (Fabaceae) belonging to four different groups of the genus (Hosackia, Syrmatium, Microlotus, and Simpteria). The chromosome number for L. dendroideus var. dendroideus (2n = 14) is reported …

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How Some Risk Frameworks Disenfranchise The Public, Kristin Shrader-Frechette Jan 1997

How Some Risk Frameworks Disenfranchise The Public, Kristin Shrader-Frechette

RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)

The author responds to recent characterizations of her work.

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Book Review Of Bruce M. Owen Et Al., The Economics Of A Disaster - The Exxon Valdez Oil Spill, William C. Shaw Ii Jan 1997

Book Review Of Bruce M. Owen Et Al., The Economics Of A Disaster - The Exxon Valdez Oil Spill, William C. Shaw Ii

RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)

Review of Bruce M. Owen, David A. Argue, Harold W. Furchtgott-Roth, Gloria J. Hurdle & Gale Mosteller, The Economics of a Disaster - The Exxon Valdez Oil Spill (Quorum Books 1995). Acknowledgments, appendices, author index, figures, selected bibliography, subject index, tables. LC 95- 3782; ISBN 0-89930-987-9. [200 pp. Cloth $55.00. 88 Post Road West, Westport CT 06881.]

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Eat Your Vegetables Jan 1997

Eat Your Vegetables

Syracuse University Magazine

No abstract provided.

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Fish Community Of Indian Bayou, A Coastal Plain Stream Of Remarkable Species Richness In The Lower White River Drainage Of Arkansas, Thomas M. Buchanan Jan 1997

Fish Community Of Indian Bayou, A Coastal Plain Stream Of Remarkable Species Richness In The Lower White River Drainage Of Arkansas, Thomas M. Buchanan

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

It is increasingly important to identify unique aquatic ecosystems in the coastal plain lowlands of Arkansas, because of the extensive human-induced alteration of aquatic habitats and loss of fish diversity in that region. Indian Bayou, part of a small (103 km2 ), chute-fed drainage system off the lower White River in Monroe County, Arkansas, has a fish community that is unique among Delta streams in darter (Percidae) species richness. Twenty-five fish samples collected by seine and rotenone from the Indian Bayou drainage system over an 18-year period produced 62 fish species, including 13 darter species. The fish community at one …

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Method To Correct The Voxel Size In Press Localized Nmr Stereoscopy, Diana M. Lindquist, Roger M. Hawk, Richard A. Komoroski Jan 1997

Method To Correct The Voxel Size In Press Localized Nmr Stereoscopy, Diana M. Lindquist, Roger M. Hawk, Richard A. Komoroski

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Two techniques commonly used on human magnetic resonance spectroscopy systems to obtain spectra from localized volumes in the brain are point resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) and stimulated echo acquisition mode (STEAM) spectroscopy. PRESS gives a signal twice as large as that obtained with STEAM, but suffers from longer minimum echo times. While STEAM must be used to detect species with short spin-spin relaxation times, PRESS can be used for species with longer relaxation times to give a spectrum with a better signal to noise ratio. Only STEAM was provided for the GE Omega 4.7 T small animal imager used in this …

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Distribution And Status Of The Ozark Shiner, Notropos Ozarcanus Meek, In Arkansas, Henry W. Robison Jan 1997

Distribution And Status Of The Ozark Shiner, Notropos Ozarcanus Meek, In Arkansas, Henry W. Robison

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

The Ozark shiner, Notropis ozarcanus, an endemic species of the Ozark Highlands, was studied from 1994-1995 to determine its present distribution and conservation status in Arkansas. One-hundred and four collections of fishes were made from throughout the historic range of the Ozark shiner. A total of 91 Ozark shiners was collected during the two-year study. The present state distribution is described as well as the conservation status of the Ozark shiner in Arkansas. The largest populations seem to be present in the protected Buffalo River.

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Wool 2000, Tunbridge Steve Jan 1997

Wool 2000, Tunbridge Steve

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

The Wool 2000 Market Awareness Workshops have been a highly successful venture by Agriculture Western Australia and the International Wool Secretariat. In the past two years over 35 workshops have been held in about as many locations in the southern half of Western Australia, from Gascoyne Junction to Esperance.

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Stable Flies On The Swan Coastal Plain, David Cook, Ian Dadour, Natalie Keals, Bob Paulin Jan 1997

Stable Flies On The Swan Coastal Plain, David Cook, Ian Dadour, Natalie Keals, Bob Paulin

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Grower associations are developing best management practices to minimise stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans) breeding in horticulture and turf production. Three types of insect controls are discussed.

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Vegetative Proliferation In Polypogon Monspeliensis (Gramineae), Eric H. Roalson, Kelly W. Allred Jan 1997

Vegetative Proliferation In Polypogon Monspeliensis (Gramineae), Eric H. Roalson, Kelly W. Allred

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

No abstract provided.

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Uncinia (Cyperaceae) Of Ecuador, Gerald A. Wheeler, Paul Goetghebeur Jan 1997

Uncinia (Cyperaceae) Of Ecuador, Gerald A. Wheeler, Paul Goetghebeur

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Nine species of Uncinia (Cyperaceae: Caricoideae) are recorded from Ecuador, one of which, U. ecuadorensis, is newly described and illustrated here. Descriptions, illustrations, distribution maps, and both artificial and vegetative keys are provided for the nine species, and for some uncinias additional taxonomic, phytogeographic and ecological comments are made. A lectotype is designated for the name U. lenuis.

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Cover - Table Of Contents Jan 1997

Cover - Table Of Contents

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

No abstract provided.

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Richard W. Pohl: Distinguished Botanist, Marjorie Conley Pohl Jan 1997

Richard W. Pohl: Distinguished Botanist, Marjorie Conley Pohl

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

In her biographical portrait of Dr. Richard W. Pohl, Mrs. Pohl provides an engaging personal perspective of her late husband, his development as a botanist, his career, and his family life. We gain a sense of Dr. Pohl as a dedicated scientist as well as a humanist. Although Dr. Pohl possessed an abiding curiosity regarding all things natural, he is best known and remembered for his focus on grasses. As Mrs. Pohl documents, this interest in grasses began in the late 1930's and continued throughout his life-ultimately he was regarded as an authority on grass taxonomy both nationally and internationally. …

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Back Cover Jan 1997

Back Cover

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

No abstract provided.

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Front Matter Jan 1997

Front Matter

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

No abstract provided.

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Effects Of Two (Diptera: Culicidae) Mosquito Control Agents On Growth And Reproduction Of Red-Winged Blackbirds (Agelaius Phoeniceus), Joann M. Hanowski, Gerald J. Niemi, Ann R. Lima, Ronald R. Regal Jan 1997

Effects Of Two (Diptera: Culicidae) Mosquito Control Agents On Growth And Reproduction Of Red-Winged Blackbirds (Agelaius Phoeniceus), Joann M. Hanowski, Gerald J. Niemi, Ann R. Lima, Ronald R. Regal

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

We compared red-winged blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus) reproductive success and nestling growth in 1988 in 10 wetland site treated with methoprene and 10 sites treated with Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti) to 30 sites that had never received any mosquito (Diptera: culicidae) control treatment. No differences were detected between reference and treatment sites for clutch size, egg volume, growth rates, or fledge weight. The probability that an egg survived to the nestling stage was greater in methoprene-treated than reference sites. No other differences were detected among sites for reproductive success estimated using the Mayfield method. We conclude that treatment of the wetlands …

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Between A Rock And A Hard Place: Opuntia Fragilis (Nutt.) Haw. (Cactaceae) In Stearns County, Minnesota, Eric Ribbens, Jeremy Myrom Jan 1997

Between A Rock And A Hard Place: Opuntia Fragilis (Nutt.) Haw. (Cactaceae) In Stearns County, Minnesota, Eric Ribbens, Jeremy Myrom

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

We surveyed the distribution of Opuntia fragilis ( Nutt.) Haw. in Steam County, MN, where it is restricted to a few rock outcrops. To compare the populations within three sites, we mapped clusters of pads and measured each individual pad within each cluster. Pads tended to be located in a narrow band of shallow soil between the bare rock and the angiosperm-dominated plant communities growing on adjacent deeper soils. Significant differences existed between the three populations in pad widths, average pad cluster sizes, and pad appearances. Although several pads flowered, none of the flower set seed, indicating that persistence of …

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Radiant Rewarming For Hypothermia: Pilot Canine Study Model, Linda M. Shecterle, John A. St. Cyr Jan 1997

Radiant Rewarming For Hypothermia: Pilot Canine Study Model, Linda M. Shecterle, John A. St. Cyr

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

The purpose of this feasibility study was to determine if a radiant heat device could be used to rewarm hypothermic canines. Twenty canines were first cooled to varying degrees of hypothermia and then rewarmed. An ice water bath was used to create mild (> 32' C), moderate (29 to 32' C), or severe ( < 29· C) hypothermia, as assessed by measuring the animal's core body temperature. Two radiant heat devices, an IAD450 animal device or a thermal recovery unit (TRU), suitable for humans, were used for rewarming animals. There were no deaths or lasting significant complications during the treatment or follow up interval. Rewarming rates were: mild- 2.2· C during the first hour and 4.9' C during the second hour, moderate- 2.1" C during the first hour and 5.5' C during the second hour, or severe- 0.8' C during the first hour and 4.4' C during the second hour and 4.1' C during the third hour. Rewarming rates were comparable in either mild or moderate hypothermic conditions, however, in the severely hypothermic state, a slower rate of rewarming occurred during the first hour. Both devices proved capable of rewarming animals within acceptable time frames with no lasting clinically significant toxicity. Data accumulated and monitoring done during this study included: complete blood count, serum chemistries, blood gases, physiological hemodynamic parameters, and multiple temperature site assessment. This technique should be further explored as an alternative method of rewarming from a hypothermic to a normothermic state.

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Contributed Papers Jan 1997

Contributed Papers

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Index Jan 1997

Index

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Winchell Papers Jan 1997

Winchell Papers

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

Abstracts from the Winchell Papers given at the Annual Meeting for the Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science.

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Winchell Posters Jan 1997

Winchell Posters

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

Abstracts from the Winchell Posters given at the Annual Meeting for the Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science.

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Spatial And Temporal Changes In Subtidal Benthic Crustaceans Along A Coastal River-Estuarine Gradient In Mississippi, Mark S. Peterson Jan 1997

Spatial And Temporal Changes In Subtidal Benthic Crustaceans Along A Coastal River-Estuarine Gradient In Mississippi, Mark S. Peterson

Gulf and Caribbean Research

Benthic crustaceans were collected monthly between 24 August 1985 and 20 September 1986 from tidal freshwater (TFW), oligohaline (OH) and mesohaline (MH) sites in Old Fort Bayou, a black-water tidal river of the Biloxi Bay estuary, Mississippi. Salinity varied seasonally and spatially and was primarily related to variations in rainfall during this study. Reduced rainfall after October 1985 resulted in the upstream movement of saline water and a concommitant shift in benthic crustaceans upstream with this change in the physical-chemical environment. This shift is supported by a significant positive concordance of ranks between salinity and relative abundance of Gammarus sp. …

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