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Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

1988

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Sunflower Oil Seeds In Nursery Pig Diets (1988), G E. Fitzner, Robert H. Hines Jan 1988

Sunflower Oil Seeds In Nursery Pig Diets (1988), G E. Fitzner, Robert H. Hines

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two hundred forty pigs were used to evaluate the use of various amounts (0, 10, 15, 20, 25%) of black sunflower oil seeds in weanling pig diets. After 14 days, no significant differences were found between any of the dietary treatments in feed intake (FI), average daily gain (ADG), or feed efficiency (F/G). At the conclusion of the 5-wk study, no differences were found in FI, ADG, or F/G between those dietary treatments containing 0, 10, and 15% sunflower seeds. However, in those diets containing 20 and 25% sunflower seeds, there were linear (p<.05) reductions in FI and ADG. These results indicate that sunflower seeds, when finely ground using a hammermill with a 1/8 in screen, can be used in diets for weanling pigs up to 15% of the diet with no reduction in performance.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 17, 1988

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Factors Affecting Feeder Pig Auction Price Differentials (1988), Ted C. Schroeder, J M. Jones, David A. Nichols Jan 1988

Factors Affecting Feeder Pig Auction Price Differentials (1988), Ted C. Schroeder, J M. Jones, David A. Nichols

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A survey of feeder pig sales was conducted at two Kansas feeder pig auctions during the spring and summer of 1988. Several factors were identified that helped explain a large portion of the short-run price differentials observed in feeder pig prices. Physical characteristics of the feeder pigs and changing market fundamentals during the data collection period accounted for 80 percent of the variability in feeder pig prices. The most significant physical characteristics affecting price included weight lot size health, structural soundness, lumps, ruptures and lot uniformity. There are clear incentives for producers to attempt to sell feeder pigs in healthy, …

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Hedging Opportunities For Feeder Pig Finishers (1988), Ted C. Schroeder Jan 1988

Hedging Opportunities For Feeder Pig Finishers (1988), Ted C. Schroeder

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

This study examined the frequency of profitable, short, hedging opportunities that have been available to feeder pig finishers in recent years. The results indicate that there have been periods offering frequent opportunities to "lock in" a profit by hedging. However, there have not been many extended periods beyond 6 mo offering frequent profitable hedging opportunities, and over several feeding periods, no trading day offered profitable hedging opportunities. Though not always offering a profit, the futures market offered some improved returns relative to the cash market. During a few feeding periods, improved return opportunities were present in excess of 80% of …

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Folic Acid Supplementation For Sow Diets (1988), Jim L. Nelssen Jan 1988

Folic Acid Supplementation For Sow Diets (1988), Jim L. Nelssen

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Folic acid is an essential B-vitamin for swine, and green, leafy plants are an -excellent source of this vitamin. Even though pigs cannot synthesize folic acid, bacteria in their lower gut can, making feces another source of folic acid. Research in the late 1940's and early 1950's indicated that folic acid supplementation to pig diets was not necessary. However, in the last 40 years, the number of sows raised in outside lots with access to leafy plants has decreased. Also, improvements in waste removal systems have decreased the sow's access to fecal material. These changes in management systems have removed …

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1988 Agricultural Research, Southeast Kansas Branch Station, K. P. Coffey, J. L. Moyer, L. W. Lomas, D. W. Sweeney, G. V. Granade, T. Walter, K. W. Kelley Jan 1988

1988 Agricultural Research, Southeast Kansas Branch Station, K. P. Coffey, J. L. Moyer, L. W. Lomas, D. W. Sweeney, G. V. Granade, T. Walter, K. W. Kelley

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Research on beef cattle, crops, and related topics at Southeast Kansas Branch Station.

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Effect Of Hay Quality And Breed On The Onset Of Puberty And Subsequent Reproductive Performance In Beef Heifers, R.C. Perry, L.R. Corah, R.C. Cochran, J.R. Brethour Jan 1988

Effect Of Hay Quality And Breed On The Onset Of Puberty And Subsequent Reproductive Performance In Beef Heifers, R.C. Perry, L.R. Corah, R.C. Cochran, J.R. Brethour

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The effect of hay quality on the onset of puberty and subsequent reproductive performance was evaluated in 51 3/4 Hereford x 1/4 Angus (HA) heifers and 47 3/4 Hereford x 1/4 Brahman (HB) heifers. Two qualities of alfalfa hay were fed ad libitum. along with an average of 3.1 lbs/hd/day of ground sorghum grain. HB heifers were heavier and carrying more backfat and body condition (P<.05) at the start of the experiment and they maintained their weight advantage through out the experiment. A higher (P<.05) percent of the UB heifers reached puberty by 14 and 15 months of age and became pregnant during a 45 day artificial insemination breeding period. HA heifers reached puberty at a lighter (P<.05) average weight. Heifers fed high quality alfalfa hay were heavier (P<.05) by the start of the breeding season and were carrying more (P<.05) backfat and body condition. A higher percent (P=.08) of the heifers receiving higher quality hay reached puberty by 16 months of age and a higher (P=.10) percent became pregnant during the breeding period. Heifers inseminated at their pubertal estrus had lower (P=.04) first service conception rates than heifers inseminated at their second or later estruses (52% vs. 88%).

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Limit Versus Full Creep For Calves Grazing Late Summer Bluestem, B. Cochran, Gerry L. Kuhl, T. Delcurto, L. Corah, E. Vanzant Jan 1988

Limit Versus Full Creep For Calves Grazing Late Summer Bluestem, B. Cochran, Gerry L. Kuhl, T. Delcurto, L. Corah, E. Vanzant

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Limit-feeding a soybean meal/milo creep supplement (1696 crude protein, average 3.096 salt) was compared with ad libitum consumption of the same supplement without salt or with no supplementation. Little difference was evident in average daily gain of calves among treatments. However, poor supplement consumption may have affected results.

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Morning Versus Evening Supplementation For Heifers Grazing Winter Range, E. Vanzant, B. Cochran, L. Corah, K. Zoellner Jan 1988

Morning Versus Evening Supplementation For Heifers Grazing Winter Range, E. Vanzant, B. Cochran, L. Corah, K. Zoellner

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Supplementing developing heifers in the morning was compared with supplementation at sundown. No difference was evident among treatments in average daily gain, distance traveled, or time spent grazing.

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Influence Of Supplemental Grain Type On Forage Utilization By Beef Steers Consuming Early Summer Bluestem, E.S. Vanzant, R.C. Cochran, A.A. Beharka, T.B. Avery Jan 1988

Influence Of Supplemental Grain Type On Forage Utilization By Beef Steers Consuming Early Summer Bluestem, E.S. Vanzant, R.C. Cochran, A.A. Beharka, T.B. Avery

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Supplementation of early summer bluestem with low levels of corn, wheat, or sorghum grain had no effect on forage intake, forage digestibility, or total dry matter digestibility in beef steers, compared with a regimen of no supplementation. Increased total dry matter intakes for the supplemented steers reflected supplement consumption.

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Performance Of Stocker Heifers And Steers Grazing High Endophyte Fescue And Offered Oxytetracycline In A Mineral Mixture., K. Coffey, F. Brazle Jan 1988

Performance Of Stocker Heifers And Steers Grazing High Endophyte Fescue And Offered Oxytetracycline In A Mineral Mixture., K. Coffey, F. Brazle

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of stocker calves grazing high-endophyte fescue (68 to 70%) and offered oxytetracycline in a free-choice mineral supplement. In Experiment 1, 24 yearling crossbred heifers were utilized in a 112-day grazing study beginning on June 18. Performance of both control calves and those receiving oxytetracycline was extremely poor, making data interpretation difficult. Average oxytetracycline consumption was 327 mg per head, daily. Approximately 8296 of the total grazing time occurred during the daylight hours (6arn - l0pm) for both treatment groups. Heifers offered the medicated mineral mix grazed 20 minutes more than heifers offered …

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Effect Of Medicated Mineral Mixtures And A Pinkeye Vaccine On The Gain And Health Of Steers Grazing Native Grass Pastures, F. Brazle Jan 1988

Effect Of Medicated Mineral Mixtures And A Pinkeye Vaccine On The Gain And Health Of Steers Grazing Native Grass Pastures, F. Brazle

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Feeding supplements containing an antibiotic or ionophore improved stocker gains by .06 to .26 lb per head daily. A combination of Bovatec and Aureomycin in the mineral mixture improved (P<.08) steer gains over feeding Aureomycin alone. Mineral intake was higher than expected for the steers grazing burned, double-stocked) native grass pastures in 1987. Vaccinating steers with Piliguard at turn-out had no effect on pinkeye incidence and reduced stocker gains slightly.

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Stocking Rate Effects On Intensive-Early Stocked Bluestem Range, R. Cochran, E.F. Smith, Clenton E. Owensby Jan 1988

Stocking Rate Effects On Intensive-Early Stocked Bluestem Range, R. Cochran, E.F. Smith, Clenton E. Owensby

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Based on a six-year study, stocking at 2.5x and 3.0x normal season-long rates for the first half of the growing season with no grazing during the latter half results in individual steer gains that are equal to those under the 2.0x rate. The gain per acre was greatly increased at the higher stocking rates. Grass remaining in early October was 20 percent lower on pastures stocked at the 2.5x and 3.0x rates than at the 2.0x rate. However, there was no trend toward further reductions over the study period. Botanical composition did not change greatly as a result of the …

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Influence Of Ralgro® On Suckling Calf Performance On Tall Fescue Pastures With Various Levels Of Endophyte Infestation, F. Brazle, J. Whittier Jan 1988

Influence Of Ralgro® On Suckling Calf Performance On Tall Fescue Pastures With Various Levels Of Endophyte Infestation, F. Brazle, J. Whittier

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Four hundred and ten cow-calf pairs were allotted to tall fescue pastures containing 40, 45, or 70% endophyte fungus infestation. One half of the calves in each pasture were implanted with Ralgro® initially and reimplanted about 110 days later. Calf gains on the 70% endophyte fungus pasture showed a greater (P<.05) response to implanting than those grazing the 40 and 45% endophyte-infested tall fescue pastures during the 165 day trial.

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Effect Of Depo-Mga On The Prevention Of Pregnancy In Grazing Heifers, L.R. Corah, F.K. Brazle, G.W. Boyd, T. Goehring Jan 1988

Effect Of Depo-Mga On The Prevention Of Pregnancy In Grazing Heifers, L.R. Corah, F.K. Brazle, G.W. Boyd, T. Goehring

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two field trials were conducted to evaluate various dosage levels of Depo-MGA® for preventing pregnancy in grazing heifers. Injecting Depo-formulated MGA subcutaneously in the ear at dosages of 60, 90 or 120 mg effectively prevented pregnancy for up to 135 days. There was no effect on average daily gain.

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The Effect Of Physical Characteristics On Cow Price Differentials In Kansas, F. Brazle, J. Mintert, Ted C. Schroeder, O. Grunewald Jan 1988

The Effect Of Physical Characteristics On Cow Price Differentials In Kansas, F. Brazle, J. Mintert, Ted C. Schroeder, O. Grunewald

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A survey of cow sales was conducted in the fall of 1986 and spring of 1987 at seven Kansas cattle auctions. Several factors significantly influenced cow prices, including health, estimated dressing percentage, lot size, breed, and time of sale. Changes in dressing percentage explained the major portion of cow price variation.

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Kansas Custom Cattle Feeding Practices, Ted C. Schroeder, Gerry L. Kuhl Jan 1988

Kansas Custom Cattle Feeding Practices, Ted C. Schroeder, Gerry L. Kuhl

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A survey of Kansas custom cattle feedlots was conducted in the fall of 1987. This paper summarizes the survey and discusses some of the custom cattle feeding services and charges being offered.

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Effect Of Limit-Fed, High Energy Growing Rations On The Performance Of Feedlot Steers, G. Goldy, B. Downey, K. Bolsen, Jack G. Riley Jan 1988

Effect Of Limit-Fed, High Energy Growing Rations On The Performance Of Feedlot Steers, G. Goldy, B. Downey, K. Bolsen, Jack G. Riley

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Steers red high-concentrate limit-fed rations were more efficient during growing than steers fed silage plus grain at 25% of their dry matter (DM) intake, or silage only. The limit-fed cattle also tended to gain faster (P<.10) and were more efficient (P<.05) during the finishing phase and did not have the expected depressed DM intakes compared to cattle fed the other growing-phase rations. Steers fed barely had lower DM intakes (P<.05) but gained more efficiently (P<.05) than those fed grain sorghum.

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Experimental Induction And Monitoring Of Liver Abscesses In Cattle With Ultrasonography, K.F. Lechtenberg, T.B. Avery, Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja Jan 1988

Experimental Induction And Monitoring Of Liver Abscesses In Cattle With Ultrasonography, K.F. Lechtenberg, T.B. Avery, Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

We have demonstrated that ultrasonography can be used to visualize liver abscess in live cattle. We have also developed a nonsurgical method of catheterizing the bovine portal vein and experimentally inducing liver abscesses by inoculating the portal vein with Fusobacterium necrophorum bacteria.

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Evaluating The Availability Of Nutrients For Maintenance And Growth In Ruminants, K. Gross, D. Harmon, T. Avery Jan 1988

Evaluating The Availability Of Nutrients For Maintenance And Growth In Ruminants, K. Gross, D. Harmon, T. Avery

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two experiments were performed with mature wether lambs to evaluate availability of selected nutrients and volatile fatty acids for maintenance and growth. We used a technique in which known amounts of volatile fatty acids were infused into the rumen and casein into the abomasum. Sampling portal blood allowed measurement of nutrients absorbed across the gastrointestinal tract. Approximately 49, 62, and 21% of the infused acetate, propionate, and butyrate, respectively, were absorbed across the gastrointestinal tract.

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Glucose, Starch, And Dextrin Utilization In The Small Intestine Of Steers, K.K. Kreikemeier, D.L. Harmon, T.B. Avery, Robert T. Brandt Jr. Jan 1988

Glucose, Starch, And Dextrin Utilization In The Small Intestine Of Steers, K.K. Kreikemeier, D.L. Harmon, T.B. Avery, Robert T. Brandt Jr.

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Glucose infused into the abomasum of Holstein steers resulted in higher arterial glucose concentrations and increased net glucose absorption than either starch or dextrin infusions. Increasing infusion rates above 20 g/hr for both starch and dextrin resulted in no further increases in net glucose absorption. Even though the enzymatic starch and dextrin hydrolysis became saturated above 25 g/hr, the amount of starch and dextrin disappearing in the small intestine increased with higher infusion rates. This was accompanied by increased volatile fatty acid concentrations in the ileal fluid with starch and dextrin infusions, but not when glucose was infused. These data …

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Serum Cholesterol Concentrations In Yearling Bulls, G. Goldy, W. Olsen, Jack G. Riley Jan 1988

Serum Cholesterol Concentrations In Yearling Bulls, G. Goldy, W. Olsen, Jack G. Riley

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A wide range in serum cholesterol concentrations was observed within and between all four breeds of yearling bulls studied. The significance of this observation is unknown at this time. Addition research is necessary to determine the heritability of serum cholesterol, and the relationship between serum cholesterol of sires and the tissue cholesterol of their progeny.

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Effect Of Grain Source And Brewer's Grain On The Performance And Serum Cholesterol Concentration Of Finishing Steers, G. Goldy, Jack G. Riley Jan 1988

Effect Of Grain Source And Brewer's Grain On The Performance And Serum Cholesterol Concentration Of Finishing Steers, G. Goldy, Jack G. Riley

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The inclusion of brewer's grains at 20% of the ration dry matter increased dry matter intake, resulting in poorer feed efficiency. Brewer's grain appeared to increase serum cholesterol. Serum cholesterol increased as days on feed increased, similar to other reported studies. Steers fed grain sorghum had greater dry matter intakes and poorer feed efficiencies than those fed barley or wheat. Analysis of tissue samples has not been completed at this time, which prohibits drawing any conclusions as to the effect on tissue cholesterol concentrations.

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Effect Of Commercial Inoculants On Fermentation Of 1987 Silage Crops, K. Bolsen, A. Laytimi, R. Hart, L. Nuzback, F. Niroomand, L. Leipold, H Ilg Jan 1988

Effect Of Commercial Inoculants On Fermentation Of 1987 Silage Crops, K. Bolsen, A. Laytimi, R. Hart, L. Nuzback, F. Niroomand, L. Leipold, H Ilg

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Fourteen commercial silage inoculants were evaluated in 32 trials using nine different crop species harvested in 1987 and ensiled in PVC laboratory silos. Microorganism profiles of the crops showed high numbers of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in all but one trial. Most inoculants supplied relatively high numbers of LAB per gram of crop--52 of the 66 inoculant samples supplied more than 10 (100,000) viable LAB per gram. The forage crops--wheat, bromegrass, sudangrass, and alfalfa--were highly responsive to the inoculants. When compared to untreated silages, treated silages had lower pH, acetic acid, ethanol, and ammonia-nitrogen values and higher lactic acid content. …

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Inoculant-Treated Corn Silages For Growing Cattle, K. Bolsen, B. Kireh, A. Laytimi, J. Hoover, H. Ilg Jan 1988

Inoculant-Treated Corn Silages For Growing Cattle, K. Bolsen, B. Kireh, A. Laytimi, J. Hoover, H. Ilg

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Whole-plant corn silages were treated with Ecosyl® in one trial and Biomate4ll or Silagest® in a second trial. In both trials, the silages were well preserved and moderately stable in air during the feed-out period. Inoculated silages had slightly lower ensiling temperatures than control silages. Laboratory silo results indicated that all silages fermented extremely fast, but inoculated silages did have slightly lower pH and higher lactic acid values during the first 4 days post-filling. Calves fed inoculated silage rations tended to gain faster and more efficiently than those fed control silages. Gain per ton of crop ensiled also favored the …

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Hog Feeders? (1988), Robert H. Hines Jan 1988

Hog Feeders? (1988), Robert H. Hines

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

During the past 6 yr, extensive research has been conducted at KSU to evaluate feeding systems and various types of wet and dry feeders. Comparisons have been made between timed-feeding and ad libitum feeding systems using dry or wet feeders. Timed-feeding did not improve pig performance (ADG, F/G) when compared with ad libitum dry feeding. Wet feeding in most of the trials resulted in approximately 5% improvement in both average daily gain and feed efficiency. Feeding hogs with an oval or rectangular dry feeder resulted in similar pig performance. A11 feeders were easily adjusted to reduce feed wastage to a …

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Effect Of Processing On Physical Characteristics, Handling Properties And Utilization Of Wheat Middlings (1988), C H. Fahrenholz, G L. Allee, D Eustace, Keith C. Behnke Jan 1988

Effect Of Processing On Physical Characteristics, Handling Properties And Utilization Of Wheat Middlings (1988), C H. Fahrenholz, G L. Allee, D Eustace, Keith C. Behnke

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Wheat middlings were pelleted and ground through different types of grinders. The resulting products were incorporated into finishing pig diets and a digestion trial was conducted to determine the effect of processing on nutrient utilization. Pelleting and grinding midds prior to use in pelleted finishing diets improved pelleting throughput and efficiency. Results of the digestion study showed there were no detrimental effects on nutrient utilization because of processing. This, along with reduced shipping costs and improved handling characteristics, indicate that pelleting wheat midds at the flour mill would be beneficial to the feed industry and could result in lower feed …

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Replacing Dried Skim Milk With Select Menhaden Fish Meal In A High Nutrient Density Diet (1988), G R. Stoner, Jim L. Nelssen, Robert H. Hines Jan 1988

Replacing Dried Skim Milk With Select Menhaden Fish Meal In A High Nutrient Density Diet (1988), G R. Stoner, Jim L. Nelssen, Robert H. Hines

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A growth study was conducted to evaluate the possibility of replacing dried skim milk (DSM) with select menhaden fish (SMFM) in a high nutrient density diet. A total of 210, 3wk- old weaned pigs was utilized. Diets were formulated by: 1) replacing 50 or 100% of the DSM with SMFM and maintaining the lactose content of the diet by increasing the dried whey inclusion or 2) by replacing 50 or 100% of the DSM with SMFM and corn. These formulations yielded three diets containing 24% lactose, one diet containing 19% lactose, and one containing 14% lactose. Growth performance was similar …

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Effect Of Processing On The Nutritional Value Of Soybean Proteins (1988), Joe D. Hancock Jan 1988

Effect Of Processing On The Nutritional Value Of Soybean Proteins (1988), Joe D. Hancock

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

It has been recognized for many years that some sort of processing of soybeans will yield a product of superior nutritional value. As our understanding of the effects of different processing techniques increases, we will continue to see advances in technology that will yield soybean products of superior nutritional value. The challenge for livestock producers is to recognize the products that offer improved nutritional benefits and to have the wherewithal to use those products when they are economically advantageous.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 17, 1988

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Utilization By Finishing Pigs Of Reconstituted Sorghum Grain Treated With Enzymes Or Enzymes Plus A Bacterial Inoculant Prior To Ensiling (1988), J I. Heidker, Keith C. Behnke Jan 1988

Utilization By Finishing Pigs Of Reconstituted Sorghum Grain Treated With Enzymes Or Enzymes Plus A Bacterial Inoculant Prior To Ensiling (1988), J I. Heidker, Keith C. Behnke

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

One hundred eight finishing pigs averaging 117 lb were used to evaluate the effects of adding enzymes with or without a bacterial inoculant to reconstituted sorghum grain used in swine diets. No differences were noted in gain, feed efficiency, or carcass characteristics as determined by ultrasonic scanning.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 17, 1988

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Effect Of A Probiotic On Prevention Of Salmonellosis In Pigs (1988), K B. Beeman, D E. Erickson, B J. Henning Jan 1988

Effect Of A Probiotic On Prevention Of Salmonellosis In Pigs (1988), K B. Beeman, D E. Erickson, B J. Henning

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

An experiment was conducted to determine if a commercial probiotic compound could be used to bring about competitive exclusion of Salmonella organisms. The probiotic material was added to the feed of one group of pigs and was not added to the feed of a control group. Both groups of pigs were dosed orally with 10^6 CFU of Salmonella cholerasuis. All pigs were affected; however, the treated group demonstrated less illness than the control group.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 17, 1988

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