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Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Animal Sciences

2000

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2000 Agricultural Research Southeast Agricultural Research Center, Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station And Cooperative Extension Service Jan 2000

2000 Agricultural Research Southeast Agricultural Research Center, Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station And Cooperative Extension Service

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

No abstract provided.

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Manure And Lagoon Nutrients From Dairies Using Flush Systems, T.D. Strahm, Joseph P. Harner, David V. Key, James P. Murphy Jan 2000

Manure And Lagoon Nutrients From Dairies Using Flush Systems, T.D. Strahm, Joseph P. Harner, David V. Key, James P. Murphy

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Nine primar,y lagoons and solids storage basins were sampled on Kansas dairies using flush systems. These samples were analyzed for nutrient content of wastewater and sand manure. The manure moisture content in the storage basins averaged 81%. The average totals of nitrogen, phosphate, and potash were 3450, 1345, and 1420 mg/L, respectively, for flushing systems. The average totals of nitrogen, phosphate, and potash in the lagoon samples were 816, 337, and 1134 mg/L, respectively, for dairies using recycled water for flushing alleys. These data and previously reported data indicate that lagoon effluent and manure removed from basins must be managed …

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Silage Management: Important Practices Often Overlooked, K.K. Bolsen, B.E. Brent, M.K. Siefers, M.E. Uriarte Jan 2000

Silage Management: Important Practices Often Overlooked, K.K. Bolsen, B.E. Brent, M.K. Siefers, M.E. Uriarte

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Four important silage management practices that are in the control of livestock producers and that are sometimes poorly implemented or overlooked entirely include: inoculating, packing, sealing, and managing the feedout face.; Dairy Day, 2000, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 2000;

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Flushing Sand-Laden Manure, Joseph P. Harner, T.D. Strahm, James P. Murphy Jan 2000

Flushing Sand-Laden Manure, Joseph P. Harner, T.D. Strahm, James P. Murphy

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Sand can be handled successfully either in a scrape or flush system by developing handling systems that allow for the sand-laden manure to settle prior to the effluent entering a lagoon. The abrasiveness and density of sand create problems in handling the manure. Manure weighs about 60 lb/cu ft, whereas sand has a density of 120 lb/cu ft. Sand-laden manure will have an approximate density of 80 lb/cu ft, if 30% of the manure is sand. Because sand is heavier, it will not remain in suspension as long as manure and settles rapidly. Many problems associated with handling sand-laden manure …

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Monensin: An Overview Of Its Application In Lactating Dairy Cow Diets, J.M. Defrain, John E. Shirley Jan 2000

Monensin: An Overview Of Its Application In Lactating Dairy Cow Diets, J.M. Defrain, John E. Shirley

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The efficiency of feedstuff utilization by ruminal microorganisms and the cow's genetic ability to convert feed nutrients into milk and milk components are major factors that influence the profitability of a dairy herd. Monensin's ability to modify the movement of ions across biological membranes leads to alterations in bacterial populations and subsequent changes in the proportion of volatile fatty acids produced during ruminal fermentation. Manipulating ruminal microbial populations with ionophores has the potential to improve performance by reducing ketosis, acidosis, and bloat and increasing digestive efficiency. Monensin improves fiber digestion by preventing suboptimal ruminal pH, enhances amino acid use by …

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Total Blood Protein As An Indicator Of Colostral Sufficiency And Morbidity In Dairy Calves, D.G. Schmidt, D.P. Gnad, J.M. Sargeant, John E. Shirley Jan 2000

Total Blood Protein As An Indicator Of Colostral Sufficiency And Morbidity In Dairy Calves, D.G. Schmidt, D.P. Gnad, J.M. Sargeant, John E. Shirley

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Total blood protein measured in calves between 1 and 7 days of age is a good indicator of the sufficiency of colostral intake and level of immunity passed to the calf. This measurement can be used to improve calf management strategies and thereby calf performance. Total blood protein concentrations are associated with immunoglobulin absorption in the neonatal calf, which can impact calf morbidity and mortality. Blood protein >5.5 g/dl indicates sufficient immunoglobulin absorption, and blood protein <5.0 g/dl indicates insufficient absorption. Insufficient immunoglobulin absorption increases the risk of calf morbidity and mortality. The dry cow health program, proper collection, and management of colostrum help ensure that quality colostrum is available for the newborn calf. Proper colostrum administration and low-stress calf management also ensure maximal immunoglobulin absorption. Timing of colostral intake affects total blood protein concentrations. The calf's ability to absorb immunoglobulins is reduced significantly 12 hr after birth. Therefore, it is critical to administer colostrum during the first few hours of life. Total blood protein can be used to determine if the calf has absorbed sufficient immunoglobulins from the colostrum.; Dairy Day, 2000, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 2000;

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Intake And Performance Of Dairy Cows Fed Wet Corn Gluten Feed During The Periparturient Period, A.F. Park, J.M. Defrain, M. J. Meyer, Evan C. Titgemeyer Jan 2000

Intake And Performance Of Dairy Cows Fed Wet Corn Gluten Feed During The Periparturient Period, A.F. Park, J.M. Defrain, M. J. Meyer, Evan C. Titgemeyer

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Eight primiparous and nine multiparous Holstein cows were used in a randomized block design to determine the effect of wet corn gluten feed in the diet during the last 21 days of gestation on dry matter intake and early postpartum performance. Multilactation cows fed wet corn gluten feed maintained a higher dry matter intake and intake as a percentage of body weight during the last week before calving than cows fed the control diet. First-lactation cows fed wet corn gluten feed consumed less dry matter, both total and as a percentage of body weight, across calving than first-lactation cows fed …

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Embryo Survival In Lactating Dairy Cows, J.A. Carmill, S.E. Zarkouny, B.A. Hensley, Jeffrey S. Stevenson Jan 2000

Embryo Survival In Lactating Dairy Cows, J.A. Carmill, S.E. Zarkouny, B.A. Hensley, Jeffrey S. Stevenson

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Rates of embryo survival in lactating dairy cows were assessed in three separate studies. Based on pregnancy diagnoses 27 to 29 days after timed inseminations, survival to days 40 to 50 or day 57, depending on the study, varied from 9 to 88% in cows that were not cycling before insemination compared to 57 to 90% in cows that were cycling. Previously anestrous cows had lower rates of survival. In one study, supplementing cows with progesterone before insemination improved embryo survival.; Dairy Day, 2000, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 2000;

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Effects Of Frequency Of Supplementation On Performance Of Beef Cows Grazing Winter Pasture, C.G. Farmer, R.C. Cochran, D.D. Simms, E.A. Klevesahl, T.A. Wickersham Jan 2000

Effects Of Frequency Of Supplementation On Performance Of Beef Cows Grazing Winter Pasture, C.G. Farmer, R.C. Cochran, D.D. Simms, E.A. Klevesahl, T.A. Wickersham

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

One hundred twenty spring-calving Hereford x Angus cows grazing low-quality tallgrass-prairie forage during the winter of 1998 were fed a 43% crude protein supplement 2, 3, 5, or 7 days a week. Supplement was fed at 4 lb/head daily to cows supplemented daily. The other cows still received 28 lb per week but divided equally among feedings. Cumulative performance (measured by changes in body condition score and body weight) was slightly better with increased supplementation frequency. However, the magnitude of differences in body condition and body weight changes, even for the most extreme treatment comparisons, were relatively small.

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The Effect Of Long-Term Management Of Native Grass Pastures On Steer Gains, F.K. Brazle, Dale L. Lanham, Jeffrey L. Davidson Jan 2000

The Effect Of Long-Term Management Of Native Grass Pastures On Steer Gains, F.K. Brazle, Dale L. Lanham, Jeffrey L. Davidson

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Three hundred thirteen mixed breed steers (558 lb) were used to determine the effect of long-term management of native grass pastures on gain. Steers were allotted randomly to eight pastures previously grazed for 1/2 season (1 steer/2 acres from April to July 15, 81 days) or 3/4 season (1 steer/3 acres from April to August 15, 112 days) from 1990 to 1998. In 1999, all pastures were stocked at 1 steer/2 acres and grazed 83 days until July 15 or 16. The steers received free-choice mineral and were supplemented six times with 2 lb of 20% crude protein range cubes …

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Effects Of Nonprotein Nitrogen Source In Blocks On Rumen Parameters Of Steers Fed Prairie Hay, C.A. Löest, B.D. Lambert, A.M. Trater, Evan C. Titgemeyer, James S. Drouillard Jan 2000

Effects Of Nonprotein Nitrogen Source In Blocks On Rumen Parameters Of Steers Fed Prairie Hay, C.A. Löest, B.D. Lambert, A.M. Trater, Evan C. Titgemeyer, James S. Drouillard

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Six ruminally cannulated steers (1012 lb) were fed prairie hay ad libitum supplemented with cooked molasses blocks that contained either 60% crude protein 83% of which came from urea (UREA block) or 60% crude protein with 42% from urea and 42% from biuret (UREA/BIURET block). Blocks were broken into small pieces to facilitate consumption and were fed once daily at .125% of body weight. Rumen samples were collected on days 3, 7, 14, and 21 at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 16 hours after feeding blocks. Averaged over time, ruminal ammonia and total volatile fatty acid concentrations …

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Effects Of Grazing System On Performance Of Cow-Calf Pairs Grazing Bermudagrass Pastures Interseeded With Wheat And Legumes, Lyle W. Lomas, Joseph L. Moyer, K.P. Coffey, George A. Milliken Jan 2000

Effects Of Grazing System On Performance Of Cow-Calf Pairs Grazing Bermudagrass Pastures Interseeded With Wheat And Legumes, Lyle W. Lomas, Joseph L. Moyer, K.P. Coffey, George A. Milliken

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 96 fall-calving cows and 64 calves grazed bermudagrass interseeded with wheat and legumes during 1996, 1997, and 1998 in either a continuous or rotational system stocked at equal rates. Legume cover, available forage dry matter, residual hay production, gains of cows and calves grazing wheat interseeded into bermudagrass, and gains of cows grazing bermudagrass interseeded with legumes were measured. Grazing system had no effect on legume cover, available forage dry matter, gains of cows and calves (wheat phase), and gains of cows (legume phase); however, rotationally grazed pastures produced more residual hay than those grazed continuously.

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Integrated Control Of Sericea Lespedeza In Kansas, Walter H. Fick Jan 2000

Integrated Control Of Sericea Lespedeza In Kansas, Walter H. Fick

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two experiments were conducted near Maple Hill, KS in 1998 to compare the effectiveness of herbicides and mowing used alone and in combination for control of sericea lespedeza (Lespedeza cuneata). Remedy® at 0.5 lb/acre was more effective when applied during the vegetative growth stage (>87%) than during flowering or seed production. Ally® at 0.4 oz/acre provided control equivalent to Remedy and was equally effective at both the vegetative and bloom stages. Both herbicides provided less than 60% control when applied during seed production. A single mowing on July 8 was not effective. Mowing followed in 6 weeks by Remedy …

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Effect Of Level Of Surface-Spoiled Silage On The Nutritive Value Of Corn Silage-Based Rations, L.A. Whitlock, T. Wistuba, M.K. Siefers, B.E. Brent, K.K. Bolsen, Ronald V. Pope Jan 2000

Effect Of Level Of Surface-Spoiled Silage On The Nutritive Value Of Corn Silage-Based Rations, L.A. Whitlock, T. Wistuba, M.K. Siefers, B.E. Brent, K.K. Bolsen, Ronald V. Pope

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Twelve ruminally cannulated crossbred steers were used to determine the effects of level of surface-spoiled silages on dry matter (DM) intake and nutrient digestibilities of corn silage-based rations. Irrigated corn was harvested at the 80% milkline stage of maturity and ensiled in 3-ft-deep, pilot-scale, bunker silos and a 9-ft-diameter AgBag®. After 90 days, the bunkers were sealed with a single sheet of polyethylene, and this silage was designated "spoiled". The silage in the AgBag was designated "normal". The four rations contained 90% silage and 10% supplement (DM basis). The silages in the rations were: A) 100% normal; B) 75% normal: …

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Alfalfa Hay Levels In Limit-Fed, High-Energy, Growing Diets For Beef Steers, Sean P. Montgomery, J.J. Sindt, T.B. Farran, H.J. Labrune, R.D. Hunter, James J. Higgins, T.A. Nutsch, R.A. Stock, James S. Drouillard Jan 2000

Alfalfa Hay Levels In Limit-Fed, High-Energy, Growing Diets For Beef Steers, Sean P. Montgomery, J.J. Sindt, T.B. Farran, H.J. Labrune, R.D. Hunter, James J. Higgins, T.A. Nutsch, R.A. Stock, James S. Drouillard

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

One hundred sixty-four crossbred beef steers were used in a 102-day growing study to determine optimum levels of alfalfa hay in limit-fed, high-energy, growing diets. Diets contained steam-flaked corn and 40% Sweet Bran® brand wet corn gluten feed (dry matter basis) with 0, 10, or 20% ground alfalfa hay. A fourth diet containing steam-flaked corn (no Sweet Bran) and 20% ground alfalfa hay was used as a control. Average daily gains and feed efficiencies in the growing phase were greater (P<.05) for cattle fed no alfalfa than for cattle fed the control, 10% alfalfa, or 20% alfalfa diets. Steers fed the control and 20% alfalfa diets had increased rates of dry matter intake (P<.05) compared to those fed no alfalfa. At the end of the growing phase, all cattle were placed on a common finishing diet and fed for 101 days. Dry matter intakes during the finishing phase for cattle previously fed no alfalfa were numerically less than intakes for cattle fed other diets and significantly less than intakes for cattle previously fed the control diet. Feed efficiencies were greater for cattle previously fed 20% alfalfa diets than those fed the control diet (P<.05). Average daily gains did not differ (P>.40) among diets during the finishing phase.

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Effects Of Feeding Two Microbial Additives In Sequence On Growth Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Finishing Heifers, G.L. Huck, K.K. Kreikemeier, G.A. Ducharme Jan 2000

Effects Of Feeding Two Microbial Additives In Sequence On Growth Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Finishing Heifers, G.L. Huck, K.K. Kreikemeier, G.A. Ducharme

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Four hundred fifty heifers (846 lb) were used in a 126-day experiment to investigate the effects of feeding two microbial additives, Lactobacillus acidophilus BG2FO4 (MicroCell) and Propionibacterium freudenreichii P-63 (MicroCell PB), alone or in sequence, on feedlot growth performance and carcass characteristics. A 21-day step-up period preceded heifers being placed on a final finishing diet containing 10% corn silage, 42% steam-flaked corn, 42% high-moisture corn, 3% soybean meal, and 3% mineral supplement. Premeasured amounts of microbial additive were mixed with water before being mixed directly with the total ration. Treatments consisted of 1) no microbial additive; 2) MicroCell for the …

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Supplementation Strategies For Forage-Fed Beef Steers, R.D. Hunter, T.A. Nutsch, James S. Drouillard, Dale A. Blasi Jan 2000

Supplementation Strategies For Forage-Fed Beef Steers, R.D. Hunter, T.A. Nutsch, James S. Drouillard, Dale A. Blasi

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A comparison was made of different supplementation strategies for steer calves wintered on brome hay for 109 days. Treatments consisted of no supplement, 1.33 lb/head daily of a 30% protein range cube, a commercially available free-choice block supplement containing 40% crude protein (19% as non-protein nitrogen), and a soy-based block supplement containing soy solubles and full-fat soybeans with 40% crude protein (25% as nonprotein nitrogen). Following the backgrounding phase, steers were placed onto finishing rations and fed for an additional 152 days before being slaughtered. Gain during the growing phase was greater for all supplemented cattle than for unsupplemented controls. …

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Effects Of Carnitine On Performance Of Finishing Steers, R.H. Greenwood, C.A. Löest, Evan C. Titgemeyer, James S. Drouillard Jan 2000

Effects Of Carnitine On Performance Of Finishing Steers, R.H. Greenwood, C.A. Löest, Evan C. Titgemeyer, James S. Drouillard

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Ninety-five crossbred steers (787 lb initial body weight) were fed finishing diets (14.5% crude protein) for 129 days. Diets were based on steam-flaked corn and contained 6% alfalfa and 4% tallow. Steers were supplemented with 2 g per day of L-carnitine, or not supplemented (control). Feed intakes, gains, and feed efficiencies were not impacted by carnitine supplementation. However, steers receiving L-carnitine had fatter carcasses as indicated by tendencies (P<.2) for more subcutaneous fat, higher marbling scores, and higher yield grades. Carnitine supplementation may increase fat deposition and alter carcass quality of finishing cattle.

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Effects Of Supplementation Of Limit-Fed Growing Diets With Either Soybean Meal Or Nonenzymatically Browned Soybean Meal On Steer Performance, C.M. Coetzer, C.A. Löest, D.J. Bindel, H. Labrune, R.D. Hunter, T.A. Nutsch, James J. Higgins, James S. Drouillard Jan 2000

Effects Of Supplementation Of Limit-Fed Growing Diets With Either Soybean Meal Or Nonenzymatically Browned Soybean Meal On Steer Performance, C.M. Coetzer, C.A. Löest, D.J. Bindel, H. Labrune, R.D. Hunter, T.A. Nutsch, James J. Higgins, James S. Drouillard

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Seventy two individually fed Angus x Hereford steers (642 lb) were used to evaluate the effects of supplementing limit-fed, growing diets with either soybean meal (SBM) or nonenzymatically browned soybean meal (NSBM). Eight steers were allotted to a control diet composed of 39.1% high-moisture corn, 42% cottonseed hulls, 10.4% ground corn, 5% cane molasses 2.25% urea, and 1.5% vitamins and minerals (dry basis). The remaining steers were allotted to diets that derived 100, 80, 60, or 40% of their supplemental protein from SBM or 60, 45, 30, or 15% of their supplemental protein from NSBN. The balance of supplemental protein …

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Effects Of High-Grain Or High-Roughage Transition Diets On Finishing Performance Of Cattle Previously Fed High-Concentrate Growing Diets, Sean P. Montgomery, J.J. Sindt, T.B. Farran, H.J. Labrune, R.D. Hunter, James J. Higgins, T.A. Nutsch, James S. Drouillard Jan 2000

Effects Of High-Grain Or High-Roughage Transition Diets On Finishing Performance Of Cattle Previously Fed High-Concentrate Growing Diets, Sean P. Montgomery, J.J. Sindt, T.B. Farran, H.J. Labrune, R.D. Hunter, James J. Higgins, T.A. Nutsch, James S. Drouillard

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Three hundred twenty-eight crossbred beef steers previously fed high-concentrate growing diets had ad libitum access to one of two transition diets prior to initiation of the finishing phase. Transition diets consisted of 58% steam-flaked corn and 30% alfalfa hay or of 23% steamflaked corn and 65% alfalfa hay (DM basis). Average daily gains, dry matter intakes, and feed efficiencies during the transition phase were greater for steers fed the high-grain diet than for steers fed the high-roughage diet (P<.01). This resulted in heavier carcass weights at the end of the subsequent finishing phase for steers fed the high-grain transition diet (P<.05). Average daily gains and feed efficiencies in the finishing phase were not affected by the type of diet fed during the transition phase (P>.20).

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Effects Of Late-Summer Protein Supplementation On Stocker Cattle Performance, Feedlot Gain, And Carcass Traits, T.T. Marston, D.O. Yauk, L.E. Wankel, J.F. Gleghorn Jan 2000

Effects Of Late-Summer Protein Supplementation On Stocker Cattle Performance, Feedlot Gain, And Carcass Traits, T.T. Marston, D.O. Yauk, L.E. Wankel, J.F. Gleghorn

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A 2-year trial was conducted to study the effects of feeding an Arsoy™-based, 32% crude protein supplement to stocker cattle grazing late-summer native pastures. During about 90 days of late-summer/fall grazing, the steers efficiently converted the Arsoy supplement (5.3:1, as fed basis) into significantly greater weight gains (55 lb) relative to nonsupplemented contemporaries. Both groups of steers then were finished and slaughtered in commercial facilities to determine if the supplementation program had any carryover effects. Late-summer supplementation did not influence steers' feedlot gain or carcass traits including ribeye area, fat thickness, and quality grade. However, average hot carcass weight and …

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Drylot Receiving Program Vs Pasture Conditioning With Micotil® Metaphylaxis For Grazing Stocker Calves, S.I. Paisley, Thomas R. Falkner, F.K. Brazle, Gerald L. Stokka Jan 2000

Drylot Receiving Program Vs Pasture Conditioning With Micotil® Metaphylaxis For Grazing Stocker Calves, S.I. Paisley, Thomas R. Falkner, F.K. Brazle, Gerald L. Stokka

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Three stocker cattle field studies were conducted comparing a traditional 4- to 5-week drylot receiving program with injectable antibiotics administered on a pull-and-treat basis versus a pasture-based conditioning program using an initial metaphylaxis with Micotil® followed by immediately placing cattle on grass. Although daily gains were similar (P=.80) for both receiving programs during the first 28 days, pasture conditioning reduced the number of cattle treated and increased (P<.01) daily gains during the subsequent grazing phase.

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Effects Of A Clostridial Bacterin-Toxoid Administered Subcutaneously At The Base Of The Ear On Stocker Heifer Performance, Testosterone Serum Concentrations, And Infrared Thermal Characteristics Of The Injection Site And Adjacent Tissues, J.M. Sargeant, M.F. Spire, S.I. Paisley, J. Ernest Minton, Dale A. Blasi Jan 2000

Effects Of A Clostridial Bacterin-Toxoid Administered Subcutaneously At The Base Of The Ear On Stocker Heifer Performance, Testosterone Serum Concentrations, And Infrared Thermal Characteristics Of The Injection Site And Adjacent Tissues, J.M. Sargeant, M.F. Spire, S.I. Paisley, J. Ernest Minton, Dale A. Blasi

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A 129-day field study was conducted to evaluate the effects of a clostridial bacterintoxoid administered subcutaneously at the base of the ear on heifer calf performance, surfaceear temperature, and testosterone concentration. Two hundred previously non-implanted heifers averaging 372 lb were assigned to one of four treatments: 1) α-7 (clostridial toxoid) in left neck, Synovex-H in left ear (NL); 2) α-7 in left neck, Synovex-H in right ear (NR); 3) α-7 in right ear, Synovex-H in opposite ear (OP); and 4) α-7 in right ear, Synovex-H in same ear (SM). On day 7, the right ear of each heifer was thermographically …

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Effects Of Sickness On Weight Gain And Radiant Energy Loss In Recently Received Feeder Cattle, M.F. Spire, J.M. Sargeant, James S. Drouillard Jan 2000

Effects Of Sickness On Weight Gain And Radiant Energy Loss In Recently Received Feeder Cattle, M.F. Spire, J.M. Sargeant, James S. Drouillard

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Sickness from undifferentiated respiratory disease in recently received feeder cattle reduced weight gain and altered radiant energy loss. Over a 35-day receiving period, weight gains were reduced 26.3% if an animal was diagnosed as sick once and 48.1% if diagnosed sick more than once. Thermal profiles obtained 10 or more days following clinical illness were cooler than profiles of animals never diagnosed as being sick. Our data suggest that respiratory disease alters metabolic activity as evidenced by reduced weight gain and a detectable decrease in radiant energy loss from the body surface.

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Differences In Serum Immunoglobulin G1 And Total Protein Concentrations In Neonatal Calves On Days 1, 5, And 10, L.E. Wankel, T.T. Marston, Gerald L. Stokka, Timothy G. Rozell Jan 2000

Differences In Serum Immunoglobulin G1 And Total Protein Concentrations In Neonatal Calves On Days 1, 5, And 10, L.E. Wankel, T.T. Marston, Gerald L. Stokka, Timothy G. Rozell

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) serum concentrations are used to evaluate passive transfer of immunity in neonatal calves. Total serum proteins also can be measured to evaluate calf health. If IgG1 and total serum protein concentrations change with age, it becomes imperative to compare samples only from a narrow time period. Otherwise, differences might be due to age and not immune status. To help define this time period, blood was drawn from 10 beef calves when they were 1, 5, and 10 days of age. Serum samples were analyzed for IgG1 and total protein concentrations. Total protein concentrations decreased from days 1 …

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Effects Of Dystocia And Confined Calving On Calf-Morbidity Rate From Birth To Weaning, M.W. Sanderson, D.A. Dargatz Jan 2000

Effects Of Dystocia And Confined Calving On Calf-Morbidity Rate From Birth To Weaning, M.W. Sanderson, D.A. Dargatz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

An analysis was performed on data from a national survey of US beef cow-calf producers to quantify the effects of management factors on calf-morbidity risk from birth to weaning. The analysis included 2,490 herds from 23 states. A high calf-morbidity herd was defined as one with greater than 10% morbidity. The rate of dystocia in the herd was categorized into five levels. All dystocia levels were associated significantly with increased risk of being a high calf-morbidity herd. Having greater than 70% of cows and heifers calve in confinement also was associated with increased risk of being a high calf-morbidity herd. …

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Measuring The Finishing Performance Of Steers And Heifers, Michael R. Langemeier, R. Jones, Gerry L. Kuhl Jan 2000

Measuring The Finishing Performance Of Steers And Heifers, Michael R. Langemeier, R. Jones, Gerry L. Kuhl

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

This study examined improvements in the finishing performance of steers and heifers from 1990 to 1998 by measuring the rate of technological change. The rates of technological change were 0.58% per year for finishing steers and 1.01% per year for finishing heifers. The relatively higher rate for heifers indicates that technological change over the study period favored the performance of heifers.

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Use Of Gnrh To Increase The Precision Of Estrus And Augment Timed Insemination In Heifers Treated With Melengesterol Acetate And Pgf2, B. Broweleit, J.E. Huston, D.E. Grum, M.L. Day, Sandra K. Johnson Jan 2000

Use Of Gnrh To Increase The Precision Of Estrus And Augment Timed Insemination In Heifers Treated With Melengesterol Acetate And Pgf2, B. Broweleit, J.E. Huston, D.E. Grum, M.L. Day, Sandra K. Johnson

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

We examined the potential of adding gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) to a synchrony system based on melengestrol acetate-prostaglandin F2ï¡ï€ (MGA-PGF2) to increase the precision of synchronized estrus and augment timed artificial insemination (AI). Yearling heifers were fed MGA daily for 14 days. Nineteen days after the last feeding of MGA, all heifers were given PGF2ï¡ï€ (day 0). Heifers receiving no further treatment served as the untreated controls. In the second treatment, heifers also received an injection of GnRH on day -7. Both groups of heifers were artificially inseminated 12 hours after detected estrus. Heifers in the third treatment received GnRH on …

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Effects Of Ph, Myoglobin Form, And Endpoint Temperature On Cooked Ground Beef Color, M.K. Schoenbeck, Donald H. Kropf, Melvin C. Hunt, S. Hawthorne, Sally L. Stroda Jan 2000

Effects Of Ph, Myoglobin Form, And Endpoint Temperature On Cooked Ground Beef Color, M.K. Schoenbeck, Donald H. Kropf, Melvin C. Hunt, S. Hawthorne, Sally L. Stroda

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Beef quadriceps muscles from nine pH groups (5.5 - 6.4 in .1 increments) were ground; mixed with fat (20%); formed into patties whose myoglobin was in either the oxy or deoxy state; and cooked to four endpoint temperatures (150, 160, 170, or 180°F). Internal cooked patty color was evaluated visually and instrumentally. Patties containing deoxymyoglobin with pH 6.2 or higher and cooked to 150 and 160°F were redder visually and instrumentally than those with a lower pH. Similar trends, but not as pronounced, were observed with patties containing oxymyoglobin. Deoxymyoglobin was more resistant to denaturation and, thus, made patties more …

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Quality And Display Life Of Chilled Or Frozen All-Natural Beef And Beef-Buffalo Frankfurters, R. Limsupavanich, Donald H. Kropf, K.A. Hachmeister, T.M. Loughin, Elizabeth A.E. Boyle, Michael A. Boland Jan 2000

Quality And Display Life Of Chilled Or Frozen All-Natural Beef And Beef-Buffalo Frankfurters, R. Limsupavanich, Donald H. Kropf, K.A. Hachmeister, T.M. Loughin, Elizabeth A.E. Boyle, Michael A. Boland

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Chilled (35±3°F) or frozen (0±3°F) all-natural beef and beef-buffalo frankfurters made with or without sodium nitrite (NaNO2) were evaluated. Treatments included frankfurters made with: all-natural beef without NaNO2 and displayed frozen (B0F); all-natural beef and buffalo without NaNO2 and displayed frozen (BU0F); all-natural beef with NaNO2 and displayed frozen (BNF) or chilled (BNC). Batter pH, smokehouse yield, and proximate analysis were determined. No differences (P>.05) were noted in batter pH, smokehouse yield, proximate analysis, or cooking yield. Day of display had no influence (P>.05) on oxidation. However, BU0F had the highest (P<.05) oxidation value, a measure of potential rancidity. For all treatments, instrumentally measured lightness increased during display, while redness decreased. Both B0F and BU0F had lower (P<.05) redness and nitrosoheme pigments than BNC. Purge loss increased (P<.05) with longer display. Microbial counts and pH of frozen products were not different (P>.05) during display. Nitrite-free frankfurters can …

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