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Articles 1 - 30 of 139
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
How Does Knocking Down Specific Genes Cause Dysregulation In Metabolic Pathways?, Jasline S. Rosario
How Does Knocking Down Specific Genes Cause Dysregulation In Metabolic Pathways?, Jasline S. Rosario
Undergraduate Research Posters 2019
Atrial Fibrillation (AF) is an arrhythmia that can cause stroke, heart failure and several other complications. The purpose of this research is to see how knocking down specific genes can cause dysregulation in metabolic pathways in the mitochondria. Oxidative stress on the mitochondria aids in the development of Atrial Fibrillation. A technique called gene knockdown is essential because we can manipulate and reduce genes in favor of what we are trying to find. [We use this technique in C2C12 myotubes because they relate to the way a human’s system works.] This needs to be done because if we can knockdown …
The Effects Of Large Vs Small Wave Stimuli On The Swim Distance Of African Clawed Toads (Xenopus Laevis), Tatiana Ally, Katarina Tomac, Adam Syed, Jackson Casteel, Kristy Tachji
The Effects Of Large Vs Small Wave Stimuli On The Swim Distance Of African Clawed Toads (Xenopus Laevis), Tatiana Ally, Katarina Tomac, Adam Syed, Jackson Casteel, Kristy Tachji
Undergraduate Research Posters 2019
The aquatic amphibian, African Clawed toads, also named Xenopus laevis, have been used to conduct experiments to analyze their sensory system. Toads use their lateral line system to detect water movement on the surface of the water to locate and catch their prey. This experiment analyzes the toad’s sensory system and the effectiveness of large and small wave stimuli on the toads’ ability to detect and swim to their prey. The purpose of this experiment was to determine whether the swim distance of African Clawed toads is longer with large wave stimuli or small wave stimuli. Toads were put in …
Meiotic Drive In C. Elegans: A Violation Of Mendel's Second Law, Alexis Brown, Emilia Kalutskaya, Urja Patel, Taylor R. Schilling
Meiotic Drive In C. Elegans: A Violation Of Mendel's Second Law, Alexis Brown, Emilia Kalutskaya, Urja Patel, Taylor R. Schilling
Undergraduate Research Posters 2018
Under normal conditions, alleles segregate randomly during meiosis so that each one has an equal chance of being passed onto the next generation. However, in some cases, a given allele is more likely to be passed on, along with any nearby alleles. These cases are said to exhibit meiotic drive. Meiotic drive allows biased segregation of particular alleles instead of independent assortment. This process is significant because it can drive evolution by altering the genetic makeup of a population. Such a case exists in C. elegans, in which the offspring of males who carry the genetic balancer qC1 along with …
Influence Of Stimulus Amplitude On African Clawed Frogs' Choices Between Two Stimuli, Geetha Somarouthu, Austin Shaffer, Joseph Taraba
Influence Of Stimulus Amplitude On African Clawed Frogs' Choices Between Two Stimuli, Geetha Somarouthu, Austin Shaffer, Joseph Taraba
Undergraduate Research Posters 2018
African clawed frogs locate prey using their lateral line systems to sense water movements the prey make. We’ve previously studied how the frogs choose between two stimuli; their choice is influenced by several factors including most importantly which stimulus is more rostral (i.e. more in front of them) and which is closer, which also means it arrives first with a larger amplitude. Here, we test whether stimulus amplitude affects choice. We generated surface waves by dipping two rods of different sizes into the water. Rods make waves both entering and leaving the water; both the material and diameter affect wave …
The Use Of Retinoic Acid To Promote Atrial And Ventricular “Like” Cells To Aid In Atrial Fibrillation Research, Nautica Mccully
The Use Of Retinoic Acid To Promote Atrial And Ventricular “Like” Cells To Aid In Atrial Fibrillation Research, Nautica Mccully
Undergraduate Research Posters 2018
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the irregular contraction of the atria, which are the top chambers of the heart. AF is the most common cardiac arrhythmia, affecting nearly 2.3 million people in the United States, common among people 40 and older. When AF is present the electrical signals that control this process is unbalance. Without proper diagnoses and treatment AF can be a life-treating condition. The use of human cellderived cardiomyocytes will allow the study of cells involvement in atrial fibrillation development. The addition of retinoic acid during a 30-day time course to myocytes allowed us, to investigate retinoic functions, by …
Roles Of H3v In Trypanosoma Brucei, Sandra Haswani
Roles Of H3v In Trypanosoma Brucei, Sandra Haswani
Undergraduate Research Posters 2018
African trypanosomiasis, or sleeping sickness, is caused by the parasite Trypanosoma brucei, a protozoan that affects the central nervous system. This unicellular eukaryote can be transmitted to mammals by the bite of a tsetse fly. T. brucei evades the host’s adaptive immune response by carrying out antigenic variation of its protective coat of Variant Surface Glycoprotein which allows the infection to persist and be further transmitted. T. brucei lacks the sequence-specific transcription factors found in other eukaryotes, thus chromatin structures at PTU (polycistronic transcription units) boundaries are thought to play important roles in control of gene expression. This paper focuses …
Circadian Clock Proteins Crys Are Involved In Control Of Diet Dependent Acot Expression, Marc Edwards, Allan Poe, Kuldeep Makwana
Circadian Clock Proteins Crys Are Involved In Control Of Diet Dependent Acot Expression, Marc Edwards, Allan Poe, Kuldeep Makwana
Undergraduate Research Posters 2018
Circadian clocks are evolutionarily conserved molecular timekeeping systems that generate rhythms in physiology and behavior in almost all living organisms and synchronize them with external environment. Living organisms have multiple circadian clocks which control numerous physiological functions. The light entrained circadian clock involves a transcriptional-translational feedback loop which regulates locomotor activity and metabolic processes and coordinates them with daily rhythms. The food entrainable oscillator (FEO) clock also generates near 24 hour circadian rhythmicity by driving food anticipatory behavior in mice. Mice entrained on 12:12hr light-dark cycle have been shown in previous studies to generate circadian rhythms in food anticipatory behavior, …
Effect Of Feeding Regimens Of Yap Signaling, Xhuliana Fafaj, Nikkhil Velingkaar
Effect Of Feeding Regimens Of Yap Signaling, Xhuliana Fafaj, Nikkhil Velingkaar
Undergraduate Research Posters 2018
Many mammalian physiological and behavioral aspects show 24-hour circadian rhythms such as metabolism, sleep-wake cycle, body temperature and blood pressure. These 24 hour rhythms are regulated by circadian clocks, which are internal timekeeping systems located in every body cell and tissue, and synchronize these rhythms with the external environment. At the molecular level, CLOCK and BMAL1 are core clock genes involved in transcription-translation feedback loop which in turn regulate biological processes and coordinate them with daily rhythms. Circadian clock has been demonstrated to regulate cell cycle, cell proliferation and differentiation, but the mechanism in liver is not clearly known. Hippo …
Quantifying The Ability Of Common Invasive Shrubs To Acquire And Use Water, To Tolerate Drought, And Compete With Native Plants Within Holden Arboretum, Ohio, Sean Fenton, Brooke Sietz
Quantifying The Ability Of Common Invasive Shrubs To Acquire And Use Water, To Tolerate Drought, And Compete With Native Plants Within Holden Arboretum, Ohio, Sean Fenton, Brooke Sietz
Undergraduate Research Posters 2018
There is very little data on the interaction between native and invasive shrubs in Eastern North America. There are a number of traits that make the establishment and impact of shrubs different than other species. Early emergence of leaves and varying rates of photosynthesis play a significant role. How plants use water, and how plants are influenced by drought have not been studied thoroughly. This is important for a better understanding of how plants will respond to the alteration of precipitation regimes that occur from climate change. Research has been predominantly focused on how water availability can shape the interspecies …
Weed Communities In Urban Agriculture, Joshua Ryan
Weed Communities In Urban Agriculture, Joshua Ryan
Undergraduate Research Posters 2018
Urban agriculture has been increasing all over the United States, especially in shrinking cities such as Cleveland, where increases in vacant land have brought opportunities for farming. There has also been a more interest in sustainable farming, as more people prefer locally sourced and organic food. However, like rural agriculture, urban agriculture also faces the problem of weed management, especially when growing organically eliminates some control options such as chemical means. As there is little to no research available on urban agricultural weeds, this research aims to identify and examine urban weed communities to obtain a better understanding of them, …
Expression And Purification Of Full-Length Recombinant Plasmodium Falciparum Pfmc-2tm Maurer’S Cleft Protein, Alberto R. Williams-Medina, Kush Addepalli
Expression And Purification Of Full-Length Recombinant Plasmodium Falciparum Pfmc-2tm Maurer’S Cleft Protein, Alberto R. Williams-Medina, Kush Addepalli
Undergraduate Research Posters 2018
Malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum remains the most virulent form of malaria, resulting in 216 million cases and 445,000 deaths globally. Invasion of red blood cells by P. falciparum leads to the formation of membranous structures known as Maurer’s clefts (MC). Virulence markers of P. falciparum such as PfEMP1 are transported across the MC to the surface of the infected red blood cell. Insight into the formation and function of the MC will be important for the discovery of new vaccine and drug candidates. The PfMC-2TM is encoded by a multi-gene family of 13 members. PfMC- 2TM is a protein …
Simulation Of Abiotic Hurricane Effects On Lotic Meiofauna Abundance And Composition, Jamil Wilson
Simulation Of Abiotic Hurricane Effects On Lotic Meiofauna Abundance And Composition, Jamil Wilson
Undergraduate Research Posters 2018
Freshwater meiofauna are essential in our understanding of freshwater biomes. Their previous lack of attention in literature have sparked many to undergo research about their overall composition and distribution relative to many of the factors on which they depend. While more of these investigations have surfaced, few have looked at community adaptably or lack thereof when confronted with drastic changes to their environment. Therefore, this study observed what kinds of possible changes that can take place in these populations after the lingering effects of an enormous natural disaster. It is the objective of this study to identify the most influential …
A Targeted Genetic Screen To Identify Meiotic Cohesin Regulators, Urja Patel, Emilia Kalutskaya, Alexis Brown, Ali Ahsan
A Targeted Genetic Screen To Identify Meiotic Cohesin Regulators, Urja Patel, Emilia Kalutskaya, Alexis Brown, Ali Ahsan
Undergraduate Research Posters 2018
During oogenesis in animals deficient for REC-8, a cohesin subunit required for sister chromatids cohesin (SCC), Co recombination fails and sister chromatids segregate away from one another prematurely in meiosis I. Consequently, zygotes inherit two copies of each chromosome. Chromosome segregation in meiosis II fails and the progeny of rec-8 mutant mothers usually survive as viable polyploids. In contrast, homologs segregate randomly during meiosis I in oocytes produced by spo-11 mutants, which lack the transesterase required for crossover recombination. This results in aneuploidy, and nearly all the embryos die. We have shown that mutations disrupting SCC mediated by REC-8 cohesion, …
Toward The Crystallization Of An Archaeal Dihydrorotase, Haley Newman, Ryan Godin
Toward The Crystallization Of An Archaeal Dihydrorotase, Haley Newman, Ryan Godin
Undergraduate Research Posters 2018
Dihydroorotase catalyzes the conversion of N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate to Ldihydroorotate in the de novo biosynthesis of pyrimidines. M. jannaschii is an archaeon that thrives in extreme environments such as the hypothermal vents at the bottom of the oceans in which both temperature and pressure are extremely high. It can serve as a model organism for research purposes. This experiment is a first step toward elucidating the structure of this enzyme in M. jannaschii. Our summer research started using a partially purified enzyme preparation from previous experiments. We further purified the enzyme primarily using hydrophobic interaction and hydroxyapatite chromatographies. Twenty-four closely related conditions …
Screen For Interacting Factors For Trypanosoma Brucei Telomere Protein Rap1, Annelise Radzin, Elizabeth Beran
Screen For Interacting Factors For Trypanosoma Brucei Telomere Protein Rap1, Annelise Radzin, Elizabeth Beran
Undergraduate Research Posters 2018
Trypanosoma brucei is a protozoan parasite that causes human African Trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) in people and nagana in cattle, both of which are fatal without treatment. This parasite is injected into the host through the bite of the tsetse fly and is able to evade the host’s immune response due to changes in its major surface antigen, variant surface glycoproteins (VSGs). This constant switching prevents the host from making a single antibody that can recognize the antigen and eliminate the parasite. VSG expression sites have been found to be near the telomeres of Trypanosoma brucei, and studies from our lab …
African Clawed Toads Response To The Distance Choice Of Lateral Line Stimuli, Casey Iyasere
African Clawed Toads Response To The Distance Choice Of Lateral Line Stimuli, Casey Iyasere
Undergraduate Research Posters 2017
African Clawed Toads are a model organism for research on sensory integration due to their lateral line system that allows them to sense water movement. This study further investigates the choices made by toads when presented with two lateral line stimuli in the form of surface waves. When such stimuli are initiated simultaneously, toads tend to turn towards the more rostral stimulus or the nearer stimulus, waves from which arrive first. We introduced a delay between stimuli to allow the waves from the farther stimulus to arrive first. Toads were more likely to respond to a single stimulus than they …
Introducing Delays Between Two Lateral Line Stimuli Alters Choices By African Clawed Toads, Kevin Goth, Austin Schaffer
Introducing Delays Between Two Lateral Line Stimuli Alters Choices By African Clawed Toads, Kevin Goth, Austin Schaffer
Undergraduate Research Posters 2017
African clawed toads (Xenopus laevis) use their lateral line system to detect prey. The African clawed frog can determine the distance of the origin of a surface wave. This allows the frog to differentiate which stimulus is more important for prey capture. The African clawed toads were put into a glass basin which was filled with water. Above the water basin are four rods that are controlled through a computer program which allow the rods to touch the surface of the water. After recording, each frame was examined in the videos to determine the turn angle and stimuli distance of …
An Evaluation Of Unionidae Diversity In The Rocky River And How Population Density Has Changed Over Time In Comparison To Observations Made Over 15 Years Ago, Jamil Wilson
Undergraduate Research Posters 2017
This study was undertaken to determine the changes in freshwater bivalve population since the survey conducted in 2001 in the northern region of the Rocky River, Ohio, USA. During our study, we discovered 69 live specimens and 58 shells most of which were found in two distinct locations near the top and bottom of the area surveyed. Our finds consisted of eight species in comparison to the nine that were seen in the same area of the 2001 study. Our results showed that Leptodea fragilis populations have decreased in the main stream of the Rocky River since the observation 2001, …
Express Recombinant Tb12990 Protein From E. Coli For Dna Binding Analysis, Alex Lotozynski
Express Recombinant Tb12990 Protein From E. Coli For Dna Binding Analysis, Alex Lotozynski
Undergraduate Research Posters 2017
Trypanosoma brucei is a parasitic protozoan species, causing sleeping sickness in humans and nagana in livestock. Its vector, the tsetse fly, feeds on an infected host and passes the parasites into the bloodstream of other mammalian hosts. The unique challenge for elimination is its complex process of antigenic variation, where the parasite regularly switches its major surface antigen, VSG. When the parasite enters the mammalian host, the host responds by making a corresponding antibody against its major surface antigen, VSG. However, although most parasites are eliminated, a small population can escape due to their altered VSG coat. The expression sites …
Morphological Study And Biochemical Characterization Of The Alveolate Flagellate Colpodella Sp. (Apicomplexa) In A Diprotist Culture With Bodo Caudatus, Lauren Dulik, Raghavendra Yadavalli
Morphological Study And Biochemical Characterization Of The Alveolate Flagellate Colpodella Sp. (Apicomplexa) In A Diprotist Culture With Bodo Caudatus, Lauren Dulik, Raghavendra Yadavalli
Undergraduate Research Posters 2017
Plasmodium falciparum, the causative agent of severe human malaria shares the presence of apical complex organelles with the free-living predatory alveolate, Colpodella sp. In this study we investigated morphological, biochemical and molecular characteristics of Colpodella sp. in a diprotist culture containing Bodo caudatus as prey. Colpodella attaches to its prey using the apical end. Attachment lasted for approximately 20 minutes while the cytoplasmic contents of the prey were aspirated into the posterior food vacuole of Colpodella in a process known as myzocytosis. Indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) using P. falciparum rhoptry specific antibodies showed intense reactivity with cytoplasmic vesicles of Colpodella …
Identifying Potential Causes Of Human Birth Defects Through Genetic Studies Of Worm Development, Solomiya Pushchak, Kaveri Khanna
Identifying Potential Causes Of Human Birth Defects Through Genetic Studies Of Worm Development, Solomiya Pushchak, Kaveri Khanna
Undergraduate Research Posters 2017
We will use the roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans to study the process of meiosis, which is involved in the formation of gametes (sperm and eggs). Its small size, rapid life cycle, transparency and well-annotated genome allows researchers to track the effects of mutations that disrupt gametogenesis. Our preliminary data demonstrated that a genetic screen for mutations that increase the viability of embryos produced by worms lacking SPO-11, a critical factor regulating meiotic chromosomal inheritance, can identify genes required for the accurate transmission of the genome from one generation to the next. To further test this hypothesis, we will continue this screen …
Expression Validation Of Mir-149-5p Targets In Prostate Cancer, Grant Wethington, Savita Singh
Expression Validation Of Mir-149-5p Targets In Prostate Cancer, Grant Wethington, Savita Singh
Undergraduate Research Posters 2017
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the leading causes of mortality in men. Current therapeutics for PCa are androgen depletion by castration or/and anti-androgen based treatments. Androgens are necessary for Androgen receptor (AR) to function as a transcription factor, AR then regulates the expression of genes which promote cancer cell proliferation. However, despite the therapeutic interventions recurred AR signaling, which is facilitated by the acquisition of mutations in AR and its amplification, cholesterol biosynthesis and alterations in the steroidogenesis continue promoting PCa carcinogenesis. Our research is focused on regulatory small RNA molecules know as microRNAs (miRNA) in PCa. Numerous miRNAs …
The Effects Of Cell Cycle Position On Skeletal Myoblast Differentiation Or Apoptosis, Asma Saleh, Briana Boslett
The Effects Of Cell Cycle Position On Skeletal Myoblast Differentiation Or Apoptosis, Asma Saleh, Briana Boslett
Undergraduate Research Posters 2017
Programmed cell death (apoptosis) is induced by the same culture conditions as differentiation in skeletal myoblasts, yet these processes result in mutually exclusive physiological endpoints. Dissecting this coordinate regulation could enable selective manipulation relevant to the alleviation of muscle degeneration, the effectiveness of regeneration, or treatment utilizing skeletal myoblast transfer. Analysis of asynchronous cultures of myoblasts in growth media (GM) were determined to have 50% of cells in G1 phase, 30% of cells in S phase and 20% of cells in G2/M phase. When skeletal myoblasts in GM are switched to differentiation media (DM), roughly 70% of cells undergo differentiation …
Phosphorus Variations In Lake Erie And Its Major Tributaries, Shiying Lu
Phosphorus Variations In Lake Erie And Its Major Tributaries, Shiying Lu
Undergraduate Research Posters 2017
As a recurring symptom of eutrophication in Lake Erie, massive blooms of harmful algae pose a threat to safe drinking water supply and recreational water use. Causes of the recent re-eutrophication in the lake include changes in the tributary phosphorus loading and/or increases in the internal nutrient loading potentially mediated by the colonization of zebra and quagga mussels. This study is to investigate the phosphorus variations in different nearshore locations of the lake and its major tributaries for a better understanding of the lake's trophic conditions. A total of 21 water samples were collected from Lake Erie and its major …
Purification And Crystallization Trials Of The Dihydroorotase From Methanococcus Jannaschii, Amy K. Dadisman
Purification And Crystallization Trials Of The Dihydroorotase From Methanococcus Jannaschii, Amy K. Dadisman
Undergraduate Research Posters 2017
Dihydroorotase is the enzyme that catalyzes the third step of the de novo biosynthesis of pyrimidines. M. jannaschii is a hyperthermophillic archaeon that can serve as a model organism for research purposes. This experiment is a first step toward elucidating the structure of the dihydroorotase in M. jannaschii. The enzyme was purified by salting out and heating the solution and then putting the supernatant through cation exchange chromatography and hydrophobic interaction chromatography. Twenty-four conditions were tested to determine if a crystal of dihydroorotase could be formed. Two of these conditions led to preliminary crystal formation. These findings can be utilized …
Fungal Colonization Of The Invasive Plant, Lesser Celandine, Allison Paoluccis, David Burke
Fungal Colonization Of The Invasive Plant, Lesser Celandine, Allison Paoluccis, David Burke
Undergraduate Research Posters 2017
Lesser celandine (Ranunculus ficaria) is an invasive spring ephemeral in Northeast Ohio. This problematic invasive plant forms a dense vegetative mat on forest floors. As a result, R. ficaria prevents the establish of many native species of flora. Despite, the growing concerns about the impacts of this species, little is known about the mechanisms underlying its variable success. This study focuses on determining the presence of beneficial fungal associations as a possible explanation for enhanced plant performance. Samples were gathered from eight sites in the Rocky River Metroparks, Ohio along a disturbance gradient from the riverbank. Microscopy was used to …
The Use Of Ipad Pros As An Assistive Device In Occupational Therapy, Osorio Lana
The Use Of Ipad Pros As An Assistive Device In Occupational Therapy, Osorio Lana
Undergraduate Research Posters 2016
RESEARCH QUESTION: How can IPADS be used as an assistive devices for children and adults with disabilities? A literature review was conducted using the keywords, in order to find articles about using iPads as a therapeutic device. As a result it was concluded that iPads due to its versatility and popularity has made great progress as a therapeutic tool. Apps recommended as having a therapeutic purpose were also purchased and installed. The iPads will be used as a learning device amongst the Health Science Programs at Cleveland State University. KEYWORDS: iPad, assistive technology, occupational therapy, tablet, allied health, assistive therapeutic …
Cloud Overlap Of Cumuliform Clouds In The Shallow Boundary Layer, William Calabrase
Cloud Overlap Of Cumuliform Clouds In The Shallow Boundary Layer, William Calabrase
Undergraduate Research Posters 2016
Cloud albedo, or the proportion of sunlight reflected by a cloud, has a significant impact on the Earth's radiation budget and is strongly influenced by cloud shape. It is a major source of uncertainty in climate modeling. To characterize the shape of shallow cumulus clouds we study the behavior of the cloud overlap ratio, the ratio between the average cloud fraction and projected cloud cover. In this study, we use a high resolution computer model (LES) to 1) determine how the cloud overlap ratio of a cloud field is related to the overlap of individual clouds, and 2) to study …
Synchronization Of Cell Growth Makes Capture Of G2 Phase Cells Possible, Maryam Assar, Noopur Joshi
Synchronization Of Cell Growth Makes Capture Of G2 Phase Cells Possible, Maryam Assar, Noopur Joshi
Undergraduate Research Posters 2016
During meiosis, homologous chromosomes, one set maternal and the other set paternal, pair with one another. Pairing is a prerequisite for crossing over, where allelic regions on homologs break and recombine with the corresponding homolog. This crossing over results in recombinant chromosomes that in turn increase genetic diversity. What causes the homologs to pair at specific sites is unknown. We are investigating whether specific DNA sequences are involved in pairing. Our first step to identify pairing sites involves mitotic cells of budding yeast in order to isolate pairing regions in sister chromatids. Mitotic cells are used instead of meiotic cells …
Identification Of Factors That Mediate Strand Exchange During Early Meiosis At Low Double Strand Break Levels, Isaac Kuragayla, Rima Sandhu
Identification Of Factors That Mediate Strand Exchange During Early Meiosis At Low Double Strand Break Levels, Isaac Kuragayla, Rima Sandhu
Undergraduate Research Posters 2016
Genetic recombination is essential in order to create diversity amongst all of the genetic information. Crossovers also contribute to segregation of homologous chromosomes to opposite spindle poles during the first meiotic division. Meiotic strand exchange in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, budding yeast, aims to diversify genetic information in the resulting gametes which in budding yeast are called spores. While Dmc1 and Rad51 are two proteins that are known to play a role in double strand break (DSB) repair, the exact function of Rad51 is still unclear. It is known that Rad51 is responsible for strand exchange in mitosis, but it is still …