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Articles 1 - 30 of 305
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Preliminary Maple Sap Data For Boxelder And Norway Maples, Jesse Mathews
Preliminary Maple Sap Data For Boxelder And Norway Maples, Jesse Mathews
Student Research Symposium
Maple sap is a popular agricultural product mainly produced in Quebec, Canada, and the Northeastern United States (U.S.).Almost the entire worldwide production of maple syrup exists in this area. Sugar maples (Acer saccharum) are the most popular tree to tap due to its higher sugar content. This species of maple doesn’t grow well in Utah’s soils, which might be a contributing factor to the lack of maple syrup production Utah. There exist about 211,714 boxelder (Acer negundo) trees that could be tapped in Utah. Estimates aren’t available for Norway maple (Acer platanoides) populations, but they exist in almost every park …
How Does Protein Content Of Flour Affect Sourdough Bread?, Julie Eggett, Callie Goble, Whitney Nelson
How Does Protein Content Of Flour Affect Sourdough Bread?, Julie Eggett, Callie Goble, Whitney Nelson
Student Research Symposium
The goal of this experiment was to evaluate if the micro-differences in protein content of bread flour made a difference in volume, air cell size, appearance, texture and flavor of sourdough bread. The flour used in this experiment included Bob’s Red Mill Artisan Bread Flour, Big J Mill Golden Loaf Bread Flour, Gold Medal Bread Flour. The protein contents were 13%, 12.7%, and 10.5%, respectively. The bread was baked using a standard recipe with only the brand of bread flour varying from sample to sample. The samples were then objectively and subjectively measured. Volume of bread samples of equal weight …
Effects Of Folding On Laminated Dough, Shelby Thorpe, Sarah Moore, Heather Burr, Colton Coombs
Effects Of Folding On Laminated Dough, Shelby Thorpe, Sarah Moore, Heather Burr, Colton Coombs
Student Research Symposium
The purpose of this experiment is to determine the effect on volume, flakiness, and air cell size and amount in basic croissants when the dough is folded less than and more than what’s currently considered standard. The process of dough lamination, or the creation of alternating layers of dough and fat, is a technique used in various pastries. The layer of fat, often butter or margarine, creates an impenetrable barrier to the steam, or water vapor, produced by surrounding dough layers. This facilitates lift within the pastry and while many types don’t contain yeast, lamination becomes crucial to the finalized …
Assessing How Various Cooking Methods Influence Several Physical Qualities Of Chicken Breasts, Matthew Hulse, Jinjer Smith, Sami Allen, Melody Loutzenhiser
Assessing How Various Cooking Methods Influence Several Physical Qualities Of Chicken Breasts, Matthew Hulse, Jinjer Smith, Sami Allen, Melody Loutzenhiser
Student Research Symposium
Juiciness and tenderness are two of the characteristics which define meat quality and acceptability for a consumer. The purpose of this experiment is to determine the effect on moisture loss, tenderness, chewability, taste, aroma, color, and texture on chicken breast when cooked using different methods such as: sous-vide (water bath), baking, air-frying, and pan-frying. Killing harmful organisms by cooking is necessary for meat, and these different methods result in different moisture retention and texture of the product. The intention of this experiment is to equip consumers with the information they need to choose which cooking method best aligns with their …
The Effect Of Different Juicing Methods On Fiber Content , Hannah Eddy, Kaylee West, Mj Wayment, Meg Chronister
The Effect Of Different Juicing Methods On Fiber Content , Hannah Eddy, Kaylee West, Mj Wayment, Meg Chronister
Student Research Symposium
Dietary fiber is an important component in the world of nutrition. Whole fruits and vegetables are great sources that can be added to add more fiber to one's diet. Many consumers prefer to drink juice rather than add whole fruits and vegetables to their diets. However, fiber is often lost during the juicing process. The purpose of this experiment was to find the best method of juicing for a good balance of dietary fiber and flavor for each fruit or vegetable. The first independent variable was the types of fruits and vegetables being juiced: apple, pomegranate, orange, and carrot. The …
All Purpose Flour Alternatives In Brownies, Georgia Johnson, Mckayl Black, Jouri Lacome
All Purpose Flour Alternatives In Brownies, Georgia Johnson, Mckayl Black, Jouri Lacome
Student Research Symposium
Brownies are a very popular dessert. Many people are not able to tolerate the gluten in their diets, while some people may just want to add different flours. You can get other nutritional benefits from switching the flour from the all purpose flour. The alternatives in our experiment, or independent variables, were oat flour, rice flour, and banana flour. Each flour was used to bake a batch of brownies. After the brownies were finished, twelve people participated in a blind taste test. These participants subjectively tested the appearance, texture, and taste. Overall, all-purpose flour was the most desirable among participants. …
Natural Product Biosynthesis Through Biotechnological And Fermentation Approaches, Hassan Sher
Natural Product Biosynthesis Through Biotechnological And Fermentation Approaches, Hassan Sher
Student Research Symposium
Natural products as a source of medicine have long been attractive due to the huge structural diversity and promising biological activities such as antimicrobial, anticancer, antitumor, antifungal, antiviral, antiparasitic as well as antioxidant properties. Discovery of novel and modified natural products is the need of this modern era. To expand the chemical diversity in natural products and to increase the production titers of natural products, researchers have come up with various solutions: heterologous expression, cocultivation, fermentation engineering, isolation of new species, and strain engineering/improvement. o-Coumaric acid and p-coumaric acid are phenolic antioxidants found in various plant sources. These also serve …
Does Diet Effect The Brain?, Janna Hart
Does Diet Effect The Brain?, Janna Hart
Student Research Symposium
Short-chain fatty acids are biomolecules produced from bacterial fermentation of dietary fiber in the gut. Short-chain fatty acids are used in the gut to supply energy and reduce inflammation but are also believed to have effects on the brain. While we do not know how short-chain fatty acids affect the brain and behavior, recent research has led to the idea of using dietary changes as a treatment for mental health disorders. In my research, we aimed to visualize where short-chain fatty acids act in the brain with a particular focus on neural immune cells called microglia and the neurons that …
Glycosylation Of Anti-Tb Agent Chlorflavonin For Combating Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, Jie Ren
Glycosylation Of Anti-Tb Agent Chlorflavonin For Combating Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, Jie Ren
Student Research Symposium
More than two billion people were infected by the bacterial pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) in 2020. However, during the past 50 years, the first-line (isoniazid, delamanid, and rifampicin) and second-line (capreomycin, streptomycin, and cycloserine) therapies have remained unchanged with disadvantages such as long treatment periods and severe side effects. The slow development of anti-TB drugs cannot combat the fast development of drug resistant M. tuberculosis strains from multidrug-resistant (MDR) into extensively drug resistant (XDR), which further hinders the World Health Organization’s goal to end the global TB pandemic by the year 2035. Flavonoids are a type of natural product with …
Nitrogen Use Efficiency And Soil Health Indicators In Corn Silage Production In A Semi-Arid Environment, Phearen Miller
Nitrogen Use Efficiency And Soil Health Indicators In Corn Silage Production In A Semi-Arid Environment, Phearen Miller
Student Research Symposium
The world faces the challenge of increasing food production while reducing the impact of excess reactive nitrogen (N) in the environment. A field study was conducted at USU Greenville farm in northern Utah since 2012 to examine the effects of different N sources in corn silage under semi-arid conditions. The study used a randomized complete block design with four blocks and four treatments: control (no nitrogen) (denoted as Control), low ammonium sulfate (AS 112 kg N/ha) (denoted as AS100), high ammonium sulfate (AS 224 kg N/ha) (denoted as AS200), and steer manure compost (224 kg total N/ha) (denoted as Compost). …
After The Fire And Flood: Tracking Wood Recruitment In The Strawberry River Watershed After The Dollar Ridge Fire, Ray Poe
Student Research Symposium
Wildfire can cause a temporary surge in wood recruitment to valley bottoms through an increase in availability and transport mechanisms. Large wood debris in stream channels and floodplains has a profound effect on riparian habitat, generally increasing geomorphic diversity and otherwise increasing ecosystem diversity and riparian heterogeneity (Gurnell, 2013, Manners et al, 2007). Floods laden with large woody-debris also pose a significant risk to property and infrastructure (Rigon et al, 2012). Such processes and hazards are exemplified by the 2018 Dollar Ridge Fire in the Strawberry River watershed in Duchesne County, UT. Shortly after the fire, a 50-year recurrence interval …
Synthetic Hagfish Slime: Mechanical Characterization, Hayden Johns, Spencer Walker
Synthetic Hagfish Slime: Mechanical Characterization, Hayden Johns, Spencer Walker
Student Research Symposium
Hagfish are ancient animals that eject a strong slime when attacked by predators. The slime that the hagfish emit is composed of protein strands that cause it to have incredible strength. To defend against foes, the Navy launches plastic ropes into the propellers of enemy warships in order to decrease the thrust of the motors. In a push to find a more biodegradable solution, the utilization of hagfish slime has shown greatpromise in stopping propellers.We hope to understand how this remarkable biomaterial withstands the impact of a sharp and quickly rotating propeller, while simultaneously reducing the thrust of the propeller. …
The Affect That Injuries Can Have On Collegiate Athletes Mental Health, Emily Dority
The Affect That Injuries Can Have On Collegiate Athletes Mental Health, Emily Dority
Student Research Symposium
This presentation provides research that answers the question of whether injuries affect collegiate athletes mentally. College athletes have a lot of mental challenges that they deal with behind the scenes. If an injury were to occur, the amount of stress and anxiety that the athlete feels would significantly increase. This research aims to determine if universities and colleges are providing the proper mental health resources to their student-athletes who have been affected by an injury. This research was conducted by reviewing both primary and secondary sources that provided first-hand accounts from collegiate athletes who struggled with their mental health after …
Novel Nano-Sized, Chitosan-Coated, Meta-Vivianite And Its Solubility In An Electrolyte Solution And A Soil Saturated Paste Extract, Li-Ting Yen
Student Research Symposium
Iron (Fe) plays a vital role in plant growth as an essential micronutrient. However, Fe deficiency is common in plants cultivated in calcareous soils due to the formation of insoluble Fe oxides at high pH. Phosphorus deficiency (P) is also common in calcareous soils due to precipitation with calcium and or sorption to mineral surfaces. Metavivianite (metaVT) is a hydrated iron phosphate mineral containing both ferrous and ferric iron (Fe3-x2+Fex3+(PO4)2(OH)x∙(8-x)H2O). Chitosan (CTS), the N-deacetylated derivative of chitin, has antifungal and antibacterial properties in various applications, and it has been reported that chitosan improves plants’ defenses against a wide range of …
Utah Tick Surveillance, Keith Wilson
Utah Tick Surveillance, Keith Wilson
Student Research Symposium
As vectors of numerous dangerous pathogens, ticks are a public health concern around the world. In Utah, investigations are currently underway to determine the abundance of ticks in publicly accessible wilderness, as well as their capacity to be reservoirs for B. burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease. Current investigations are follow-up to prior surveillance in Utah and will help illuminate changes in tick distributions over time. The findings of these investigations will be of great value not only to researchers but also to the public as they recreate in tick habitat. This project presents one way to condense and …
Strawberry High Tunnel Effects On Different Forms Of Soil Nitrogen, Mark Kindred
Strawberry High Tunnel Effects On Different Forms Of Soil Nitrogen, Mark Kindred
Student Research Symposium
Nitrogen is an important component of plant nutrition. However, nitrogen in the soil comes in many different forms including some proteins, amino acids, and mineral nitrogen. Not all of these forms are available to plants. Things that affect the availability of nitrogen are temperature, moisture, and chemical composition of the material. It is difficult for organic farmers sourcing nitrogen because of low nitrogen content and availability from organic sources. However some plants can better utilize organic forms of nitrogen when it is available. This experiment examines how temperature affects different forms of inorganic and organic nitrogen. Additionally, it will explore …
Prosthesis Grip Optimization, Taylor Thompson
Prosthesis Grip Optimization, Taylor Thompson
Student Research Symposium
Custom prosthetics can be extremely expensive and any that are covered by health insurance have limited mobility. Those issues can become compounded when a young child outgrows their prosthetics quickly. One current solution to overcome these problems is 3D printed prosthetic hands. These can be produced quickly and be custom fit for the user, however, they are limited in mobility and grip options.The goal of this project was to develop a prosthesis that allowed each finger to move independently to increase mobility and grip options. After researching, designing, modeling, and printing, that goal was accomplished. The end product is a …
Evolution Of Floral Microbes And The Resulting Effects On Pollinator Preferences, Hailey Hatch
Evolution Of Floral Microbes And The Resulting Effects On Pollinator Preferences, Hailey Hatch
Student Research Symposium
Floral microbes are an overlooked aspect of the extended floral phenotype. They mediate interactions between flowers, pollinators, and other floral microbes that have significant implications for pollinator and plant health by altering floral nectar chemistry. The interactions between floral microbes and pollinators are critically important to understand as pollinators have a key role in both the crop and natural ecosystem world. Our aim is to explore how floral nectar traits may affect evolution and competition within the floral yeast Metchnikowia reukaufii, the floral bacteria Bacillus subtilis, and other microbes isolated from Brassica rapa nectar. To address this, we are conducting …
Developing A Novel Method For Testing Stopping Ability For Balance Recovery, Charlie Baggett, Chase Mitton
Developing A Novel Method For Testing Stopping Ability For Balance Recovery, Charlie Baggett, Chase Mitton
Student Research Symposium
This is a pilot study to determine a new method to assess response inhibition in a reactive balance context. Our aim is to create a method for assessing inhibition of a balance recovery step similar to past cognitive neuroscience research where button press responses in seated participants are used. A total of 17 young adults (18-30 years) were recruited for testing using the ReacStick and lean & release system in which participants were placed in a harness connected by a support cable to the wall behind them and another failsafe cable attached from the ceiling. Participants leaned into the support …
Correction Of F508del And G542x Mutations In Sheep Fibroblasts Of Cystic Fibrosis Models Using Crispr/Cas9 And Piggybac, Kaden Bunch
Student Research Symposium
Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a human genetic disease caused by mutations in the CF Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) gene. Among the ~2000 known CF mutations, F508del mutation is found in 84% and G542X in 4.6% of the CF patients in US, respectively. The F508del mutation occurs in the exon 11 and is characterized by the deletion of the ‘CTT’ nucleotides that ultimately deletes the Phenylalanine residue at the position 508 of CFTR. It causes the misfolding of the CFTR protein, which is further degraded by proteases. The G542X is a nonsense mutation found in the exon 12 and associated with …
Light Requirements For Germination Of Native Intermountain West Wetland Species In Competition With Phragmites Australis, Sage Chatterton
Light Requirements For Germination Of Native Intermountain West Wetland Species In Competition With Phragmites Australis, Sage Chatterton
Student Research Symposium
Wetlands are important ecosystems that provide many services including carbon sequestration, flood mitigation, improved water quality, migratory bird habitat, etc. However, many wetlands in the Intermountain West are in a degraded state due to the introduction of invasive species, Phragmites australis, which displaces native communities. Wetland managers can reduce Phragmites invasion and improve restoration efforts by understanding differences in germination requirements among species, as germination greatly affects plant success. This research aims to better understand the effects of light duration and intensity on the germination of native wetland species in comparison to Phragmites.
What Makes For A Good Silk?, Elijah Moss
What Makes For A Good Silk?, Elijah Moss
Student Research Symposium
In Dr. Justin Jones' research lab, research is being conducted on different silks. The quality of the silk must be evaluated, and so I have identified three paragons that each silk strain is compared to: commercial viability, the efficacy of transgenic antimicrobial peptides, and tensile strength.
Phylogeny And Historical Biogeography Of Uroleucon Aphids, Audrey Mullen
Phylogeny And Historical Biogeography Of Uroleucon Aphids, Audrey Mullen
Student Research Symposium
The aphid genus Uroleucon (Aphididae: Aphidinae: Macrosiphini) is a diverse group of about 230 species feeding mainly on Asteraceae as host plants and found globally in most temperate regions. However, the origins of the South American species are unknown, as are the relationships of these taxa to northern hemisphere Uroleucon species. This study seeks to establish the relationships between Uroleucon aphids native to South America and their North American and Eurasian counterparts using genetic data. We will use phylogenetic analysis of cytochrome c oxidase subunits 1 and 2 mitochondrial genes as well as the elongation factor 1α nuclear gene to …
Responses Of Utah Native Plants To Saline Water Irrigation, Asmita Paudel
Responses Of Utah Native Plants To Saline Water Irrigation, Asmita Paudel
Student Research Symposium
Native plants are of great value in urban landscape as they are drought, disease, and pest tolerant. Use of native plants also helps to reduce air pollution and promote biodiversity. However, limited information exists for salinity stress responses of native plants. Four Utah native plants [Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (Kinnikinnick), Cercocarpus ledifolius (curl-leaf mountain mahogany), Cercocarpus montanus ‘Coy’ (alder-leaf mountain mahogany), and Shepherdia × utahensis ‘Torrey’ (hybrid buffaloberry)] were evaluated for relative salinity tolerance under greenhouse conditions. Plants were irrigated with a nutrient solution at an electrical conductivity (EC) of 1.2 dS·m-1 (control) or saline solutions at ECs of 5.0 or 10.0 …
The Relationship Between Isometric Strength And Time To Stabilize, Parker Carroll
The Relationship Between Isometric Strength And Time To Stabilize, Parker Carroll
Student Research Symposium
Forward falls are the most common fall direction and pose a safety concern for adults. To assess individuals’ balance recovery response, we analyzed how individuals stepped on a forward force plate. Multi-joint, lower limb isometric strength may provide additional insight to balance recovery after a forward, unanticipated perturbation. Gender indicates reaction time differences in the time to stabilize, with males more likely to produce greater isometric strength. Our research question was does maximal, isometric strength, and gender predicts the time it takes to stabilize after a perturbation. We hypothesize that maximal, isometric strength and gender would predict the time to …
Balance Recovery Time Was Different Across Age Groups, Cody Overson
Balance Recovery Time Was Different Across Age Groups, Cody Overson
Student Research Symposium
Falls can take a serious toll on the quality of life and independence of daily activities. Among falls, forward falls are the most common fall direction. To prevent forward falls, compensatory steps and change-in-support reactions (e.g., foot contact) are critical for stabilizing after unanticipated, balance disturbances. The purpose was to determine if the time to stabilize varied across ages. Participants were grouped into three age groups (18-24, 25-33, and 40-58 years old). Participants performed 24 forward perturbation trials. Time to stabilize was evaluated as the time from their foot contacted the front force place to when the net anterior-posterior (AP) …
Impacts Of Cftr Mutations On Pulmonary Development In Sheep, Kaden Bunch
Impacts Of Cftr Mutations On Pulmonary Development In Sheep, Kaden Bunch
Student Research Symposium
Due to various mutations, the loss of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) function causes cystic fibrosis (CF), predisposing the lungs to chronic infection and inflammation. In young infants with CF, structural airway defects are increasingly recognized before the onset of significant lung disease, which suggests a developmental origin and a possible role in lung disease pathogenesis. The function of CFTR in lung development is unclear and developmental studies in humans with CF are not feasible. Young CF sheep show similar lung development and spontaneous postnatal lung disease similar to humans impacted by CF. We studied lung development in the …
Antimicrobial Activity Of Sagebrush Roots, Lauren Mcfadden
Antimicrobial Activity Of Sagebrush Roots, Lauren Mcfadden
Student Research Symposium
Plants produce secondary metabolites for a variety of functions, one of which is for antibiotic reasons. Sagebrush has historically been used by Native Americans for a variety of medicinal purposes, suggesting that it may have secondary metabolites that would make good antibiotics. The purpose of this study is to continue previous research on antimicrobial activity of sagebrush by specifically testing the root extract against a handful of bacteria. Six BSL 1 bacteria were tested: Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, E. coli DHSα, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Pseudomonas syringa pv. Tabacia, and Pseudomonas syringa pv Tomato DC3000. All of the bacteria tested had some …
Halotolerant Endophytes: Identification And Characterization Of Plant-Growth Promoting Microbes In Saline Conditions, Katherine Hewitt
Halotolerant Endophytes: Identification And Characterization Of Plant-Growth Promoting Microbes In Saline Conditions, Katherine Hewitt
Student Research Symposium
Part of a plant’s biosphere are endophytes, microbes found between the cells of a plant. Plant-microbe relations are integral to plant survival and crop productivity, and can be beneficial to help a plant cope with abiotic stressors such as salinity. Our soils in Utah are high in salinity due to topography and climate. Climate change has increased soil salinity worldwide, and water availability is becoming scarcer, leading agriculture to use more saline sources to irrigate. Thus, salt is a concern for farmers. We aim to identify halotolerant endophytes which can benefit plant health. Microbes were isolated from Ceanothus velutinus, Snowbrush, …
Isolation And Characterization Of Plant Growth Promoting Endophytic Bacteria From The Root Nodules Of Ceanothus Velutinus, Teja Sai Ellanki Narendra
Isolation And Characterization Of Plant Growth Promoting Endophytic Bacteria From The Root Nodules Of Ceanothus Velutinus, Teja Sai Ellanki Narendra
Student Research Symposium
Ceanothus velutinusis an evergreen shrub native to the Intermountain West region of the US, commonly known as snowbrush. The center for water-efficient landscaping (CWEL) recommended this plant for sustainable landscaping as its moderately drought tolerant. The roots of these plants form an actinorhizal symbiotic relationship with Nitrogen fixing actinobacteria Frankia, which initiates root nodules formation. Besides, these plants also harbor Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) that help plants in nutrient uptake, plant hormone production, protecting the plants from ethylene stress, and production of metabolites, thus playing an essential role in plant growth and development. They can be used as biofertilizers to …