Life Sciences Commons^™

Using Modified Intensive Early Stocking For Cow/Calf Production, Keith R. Harmoney, John R. Jaeger

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Intensive early stocking (IES) was introduced nearly a half century ago in eastern Kan­sas and has since been adopted as a major management tool to increase animal produc­tion, efficiency of production, and economic return on tallgrass rangelands. These in­creases have come almost exclusively by using IES with young stocker animals. Intensive early stocking and its gains have been proven effective repeatedly in published research. A similar modified IES (MIES) system has increased production efficiency of stocker animals on western Kansas rangelands. Perennial grassland acres for cattle produc­tion, as well as cattle numbers, are declining. Using management practices that mimic the …

Spices Fed To Growing Heifers On Bromegrass Result In Increased Gains With Some Effects On Tick Populations, J. K. Farney

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Alternative methods to antibiotics/chemical usage in cattle production have been of interest in recent years and essential oils/spices have been promoted to fill this niche. The purpose of this research was to evaluate effect of feeding spices on heifer gains and as a control method for ticks. Eight bromegrass pastures were stocked (March to November) with four heifers per pasture to compare control mineral (CON) to mineral containing spices (SPICE; garlic + proprietary blend of 4 spices). Mineral (4 oz/hd/d) was blended in dried distillers grains (DDGs) and total blend was supplemented daily at 0.5% of heifer body weight. Heifers …

Resynchronizing Returns To Estrus After A Prior Insemination, J. S. Stevenson, J. A. Sauls-Hiesterman

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

In two experiments, GnRH and a progesterone insert (CIDR) were applied to cows after insemination (day 0) to reprogram or synchronize the returning estrus of cows that failed to conceive to that previous insemination. The combination of GnRH (day 14) and a CIDR insert (days 17 to 24) in experiment 1 (n = 347 cows) increased the proportion of nonpregnant cows returning to estrus before pregnancy diagnosis on day 32 by 7.4 percentage points, increased the synchrony of their return by 24.4 percentage points, but delayed that return by 2.3 days compared with controls. In experiment 2 (n = 863 …

The Impact Of Attenuated Porcine Reproductive And Respiratory Syndrome (Prrs) Vaccine On The Efficacy Of Subunit Classical Swine Fever Vaccine, R. Madera, L. Wang, A. G. Cino-Ozuna, J. Shi

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Commercial pigs have been routinely injected with multiple vaccines that are either administered separately or co-administered at the same time for convenience, and to minimize pig stress. However, viruses, including attenuated and modified live virus (MLV) vaccines, can modulate host immune responses that could potentially impact the efficacy of co-administered vaccines. Here we report the effects of pre- and co-administered Chinese highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus MLV, JXA1-R, on the efficacy of an emulsion-based classical swine fever virus (CSFV) subunit vaccine, KNB-E2. Immune responses to the CSFV and JXA1-R vaccines were evaluated by testing CSFV-specific and …

Roundup 2020: Agricultural Research Center - Hays

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Roundup is the major beef cattle education and outreach event sponsored by the Agricultural Research Center - Hays. The 2020 program is the 106th staging of Roundup. The purpose is to communicate timely, applicable research information to producers and extension personnel.

Influence Of Particle Size Of Enogen Feed High Amylase And Conventional Yellow Dent Corn On Finishing Pig Performance, Carcass Characteristics, And Stomach Ulceration, H. R. Williams, M. D. Tokach, J. C. Woodworth, R. D. Goodband, J. M. Derouchey, S. S. Dritz, V. Shivanna, C. B. Paulk, H. I. Calderón

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 323 pigs (DNA 241 × 600; initially 109.8 lb) were used in an 83-d growth trial to evaluate the influence of particle size of Enogen Feed corn (Enogen, Syngenta Seeds, LLC, Downers Grove, IL) and conventional yellow dent corn on finishing pig performance. Pigs were randomly assigned to pens (9 pigs per pen) and pens were allotted by weight to 1 of 6 dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design with 6 pens per treatment. Treatments were arranged in a 2 × 3 factorial with main effects of corn source (Enogen Feed corn or conventional yellow …

Association Of Horizontal Silo Pad Type, Elevation And Core Depth With Indicators Of Silo Ramp Hygiene, Forage Quality, And Digestibility, W. E. Brown, N. M. Bello, M. J. Brouk

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Horizontal silo piles without walls are constructed using packing equipment to adequately pack the forage for air exclusion. During packing, the equipment uses a ramp of forage to access the top of the pile, potentially introducing soil into the forage when the base of the silo is made of soil. Soil contains microorganisms which may cause malfermentation and pose health risks to livestock. The objective of this study was to assess the association of horizontal silo pad type, elevation, and core depth with indicators related to silage hygiene and nutrient quality. We hypothesized that ash and mineral content, microbiological profile, …

Including Legumes In Bermudagrass Pastures, J. L. Moyer, L. W. Lomas

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Bermudagrass is a productive forage species when intensively managed. However, it has periods of dormancy and requires proper management to maintain forage quality. Legumes in a bermudagrass sward could improve forage quality and reduce fertilizer usage; however, legumes are difficult to establish and maintain with the competitive grass. Clovers can maintain survival once established in bermudagrass sod, and may be productive enough to substitute for some N fertilization. This study was designed to compare dry cow performance on a bermudagrass pasture system that included ladino and crimson clovers (Legume) vs. bermudagrass alone (Nitrogen). Use of legumes in wheat-bermudagrass pastures did …

Effects Of Pre-Cutting Round Alfalfa Hay Bales On Forage Quality And Processing Time, W. E. Brown, E. Harms, J Heimsoth, J. Mcginnis, C. I. Vahl, B. J. Bradford, M. J. Brouk

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Round hay balers with knives that cut the hay as it enters the baling chamber reduce the particle size upon baling, and eliminate the need for a tub grinder. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a round hay baler with knives on forage quality of alfalfa hay at baling and after storage, and the effects of the processing method on nutrient composition and particle size distribution. Alfalfa hay was baled (560 M Megawide HC2, John Deere, Moline, IL) with knives every 4 inches (CUT; theo­retical length of cut) or without knives (NORM). At baling and …

Cattlemen's Day 2020

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Research on beef cattle management, nutrition, and meat science at Kansas State University.

Evaluating The Effects Of Pharmacological Levels Of Zinc Oxide, Diet Acidification And Dietary Crude Protein On Growth Performance Of Nursery Pigs, W. M. Hutchens, M. D. Tokach, S. S. Dritz, J. C. Woodworth, J. M. Derouchey, R. D. Goodband, H. I. Calderón

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 360 weaned pigs (DNA 200 × 400; initially 12.9 lb BW) were used in a 42-d growth study to evaluate the effects of pharmacological levels of zinc oxide (ZnO), diet acidification, and dietary crude protein (CP) on pig performance. Pigs were weaned at approximately 21-d of age and were randomly assigned to pens (5 pigs per pen) and allotted to 1 of 8 dietary treatments with 9 pens per treatment. Experimental diets were fed from d 0 to 21 with a common diet fed from d 21 to 42. The eight treatment diets were arranged as a …

Evaluation Of Aviplus On Growth Performance Of Nursery And Growing-Finishing Pigs, W. M. Hutchens, M. D. Tokach, J. C. Woodworth, J. M. Derouchey, R. D. Goodband, H. I. Calderón, K. Keppy, K. Stephens, P. Maynard

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of AviPlus (a combination of micro-encapsulated sorbic and citric acids and synthetic thymol and vanillin botani­cals; Vetagro Inc., Chicago, IL) on growth performance during the wean-to-finish period in a commercial research environment. A total of 1,215 pigs (L337 × 1050; PIC, Hendersonville, TN) were used in a 156-d wean-to-finish experiment. Pigs were weaned at approximately 21 d of age and placed in pens based on initial body weight (BW) with 27 pigs per pen in a randomized complete block design. During the 42-day nursery period, pigs were allotted to 1 of 2 …

Evaluating The Route Of Antibiotic Administration And Its Effect On Nursery Pig Growth Performance, W. M. Hutchens, M. D. Tokach, S. S. Dritz, J. C. Woodworth, J. M. Derouchey, R. D. Goodband, H. I. Calderón, K. Habib, V. Ishengoma, T. G. Nagaraja, R. G. Amachawadi

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

This experiment was conducted to determine the influence of the route of antibiotic administration (in-feed vs. in-water) on nursery pig growth performance. A total of 2,592 pigs (L337 × 1050, PIC Hendersonville, TN; initially 14.5 lb) were used in a 28-d trial. Pigs were weaned at 21 d of age and placed in a commercial research facility with 27 pigs per pen. After a 7-d pre-trial period, pens of pigs were assigned to weight blocks in a randomized complete block design. There were 12 replications per treat­ment with pen as experimental unit for in-feed medication treatments and a pair of …

Determining The Phosphorus Release Curve For Smizyme Ts G5 2,500 Phytase In Nursery Pigs, M. R. Wensley, J. C. Woodworth, J. M. Derouchey, S. S. Dritz, M. D. Tokach, R. D. Goodband, H. I. Calderón, J. M. Faser, B. L. Guo

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 280 nursery pigs (DNA 241 × 600, initially 22.8 lb) were used in a 21-d growth trial to determine the available P (aP) release curve for Smizyme TS G5 2,500 (Origination, LLC., Maplewood, MN). Pigs were weaned at approximately 21 d of age, randomly allotted to pens based on initial body weight (BW), and fed common starter diets. On d 21 post-weaning, considered d 0 of the study, pens were blocked by BW and randomly allotted to 1 of 7 dietary treatments with 5 pigs per pen and 8 pens per treatment. Seven 1-ton batches of basal …

Evaluation Of High-Protein Distillers Dried Grains On Growth Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Growing-Finishing Pigs, Z. X. Rao, R. D. Goodband, M. D. Tokach, S. S. Dritz, J. C. Woodworth, J. M. Derouchey, H. I. Calderón, M. F. Wilken

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 1,890 growing-finishing pigs (PIC; 359 × 1050; initially 59.8 ± 1.3 lb) were used in a 124-d growth trial to compare the effects of high-protein distillers dried grains (HPDDG) or conventional distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) on growth performance and carcass characteristics. Conventional DDGS contained 29.0% CP, 0.48% standardized ileal digestible (SID) Lys, and 9.2% oil, whereas HPDDG contained 39.3% CP, 0.68% SID Lys, and 11.1% oil. All diets were formulated on an equal SID Lys-basis with diets containing HPDDG having less soybean meal than diets with conventional DDGS. There were 27 pigs per pen and …

Determining The Effects Of Manganese Source And Level In Diets Containing High Levels Of Copper On Growth Performance Of Growing-Finishing Pigs, H. R. Kerkaert, J. C. Woodworth, J. M. Derouchey, S. S. Dritz, M. D. Tokach, R. D. Goodband, N. E. Manzke

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 1,994 pigs (PIC; 337 × 1050; initially 88.2 lb) were used to determine the effect of manganese (Mn) source and level on finishing pig growth performance. This experiment was a follow-up to an Mn source by level study conducted last year. However, unlike last year’s study, in the present study all diets contained 150 ppm added Cu from Cu hydroxychloride (IBC; Micronutrients, Indianapolis, IN). Dietary treatments were arranged in a 2 × 3 factorial with main effects of Mn source (Mn hydroxychloride, IntelliBond M, Micronutrients, Indianapolis, IN; or Mn sulfate, MnSO4, Eurochem, Veracruz, Mexico), and increasing added …

Evaluation Of Compensatory Growth Of 200 Lb Finishing Pigs Previously Fed A Low Lysine Diet, Z. X. Rao, J. T. Gebhardt, M. D. Tokach, J. C. Woodworth, J. M. Derouchey, Robert D. Goodband

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 346 pigs (241 × 600, DNA, Columbus, NE; initially 195.3 lb) were used in a 44-d trial to evaluate the compensatory growth of 200 lb finishing pigs previously fed a low lysine diet. Two diets were manufactured (control and corn diet) and arranged into 4 nutritional strategies. One group of pigs (control) was fed the control diet from d 0 to 44. The other three groups of pigs were fed the corn diet for 2, 3, or 4 weeks and then switched to the control diet until d 44. The control diet contained 13.0% crude protein (CP) …

Practical Application Of Sample Size Determination Models For Assessment Of Mortality Outcomes In Swine Field Trials, J. T. Gebhardt, M. D. Tokach, S. S. Dritz, N. Cernicchiaro, A. L. Dixon, D. G. Renter, J. C. Woodworth, J. M. Derouchey, R. D. Goodband

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Mortality within livestock production has a substantial impact on economic sustain­ability of enterprises. The livestock industry has a unique opportunity to maximize animal welfare and production efficiency by minimizing morbidity and mortality. To do so, investigators must appropriately balance the utilization of limited resources with the quantity necessary for robust research. The objective of the study was to illustrate the use of readily implementable statistical models to determine sample size neces­sary to detect statistically significant differences between groups with varying levels of mortality. To this end, a series of examples were created where the unit to which a treatment is …

Impact Of Storage Conditions And Premix Type On Fat-Soluble Vitamin Stability, M. Saensukjaroenphon, C. E. Evans, C. K. Jones, J. T. Gebhardt, J. C. Woodworth, C. R. Stark, J. R. Bergstrom, C. B. Paulk

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The objective of Exp. 1 was to determine the impact of 0, 30, 60, or 90 d storage time on fat-soluble vitamin stability when vitamin premix (VP) and vitamin trace mineral premix (VTM) are blended with 1% inclusion of medium chain fatty acids (MCFA; 1:1:1 blend of C6:C8:C10) or mineral oil (MO) with different environmental condi­tions. Treatments were arranged as a 2 × 2 × 2 × 4 factorial, with 2 premix type (VP or VTM), 2 oil type (MO or MCFA), 2 storage conditions [room temperature (RT) or high-heat, high-humidity (HTHH)] and 3 storage times (30, 60, or 90 …

Effect Of Dietary Formic Acid And Lignosulfonate On Pellet Quality, G. E. Nichols, C. R. Stark, A. M. Ogles, C. N. Truelock, N. M. Beckman, T. S. Winowiski, C. B. Paulk

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Nursery pig diets are pelleted to improve handling characteristics and pig performance. Feeding good quality pellets is important to achieve the maximum improvements in growth performance. Therefore, it is important to determine how feed additives included in nursery pig diets influence pellet quality. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of formic acid and lignosulfonate (LignoTech USA) inclusion in nursery pig diets on pelleting characteristics, pellet quality, and diet pH. The 5 treat­ments consisted of a control, or the control plus 2 concentrations of added formic acid (0.36% or 0.60%), or the control plus two combinations of …

Evaluating The Distribution Of African Swine Fever Virus Within A Feed Mill Environment Following Manufacture Of Inoculated Feed, C. G. Elijah, J. D. Trujillo, C. K. Jones, N. N. Gaudreault, C. R. Stark, K. R. Cool, C. B. Paulk, T. Kwon, J. C. Woodworth, I. Morozov, J. T. Gebhardt, J. A. Richt

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

With the global spread of African swine fever virus (ASFV) and evidence that feed and/or ingredients may be potential vectors for pathogen transmission, it is critical to understand the role the feed manufacturing industry may have in regard to potential distribution of this highly virulent virus. A pilot-scale feed mill consisting of a mixer, bucket elevator, and relevant spouting was constructed in the Biosafety Level-3 Ag animal room at the Biosecurity Research Institute at Kansas State University. A total of 18 different sites on the equipment and in the room were swabbed to evaluate environmental contamination before and after introduction …

Efficacy Of Feed Additives Against Swine Viruses In Feed, G. E. Nichols, J. T. Gebhardt, C. K. Jones, J. C. Woodworth, S. S. Dritz, J. Bai, J. W. Anderson, E. Porter, F. B. Sandberg, A. Singrey, C. B. Paulk

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Research has demonstrated that swine viruses can be transmitted via feed. There­fore, strategies are needed to prevent or mitigate swine viruses in feed. The use of chemical feed additives is a strategy that has been shown to have potential utility for this purpose. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a commercially available formaldehyde-based feed additive, medium chain fatty acid blend (MCFA), and commercially available fatty acid-based products for mitigation of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) as viral mitigants in a feed matrix. Experimental treatments consisted of: …

Swine Day Report Foreword And Acknowledgments, R. D. Goodband, J. T. Gebhardt, M. D. Tokach, J. M. Derouchey, J. C. Woodworth

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

It is with great pleasure that we present the 2020 Swine Industry Day Report of Progress. This report contains updates and summaries of applied and basic research conducted at Kansas State University during the past year. We hope that the information will be of benefit as we attempt to meet the needs of the Kansas swine industry.

Effect Of Stirring And Static Heating On Fibrilization Of Milk Whey Protein: A Processing Approach, G. Rathod, J. Amamcharla

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

When globular proteins such as whey proteins are converted to fibril structure, the functional properties, including viscosity and water holding capacity, are improved. Consequently, they can be used as functional ingredients in a variety of foods such as yogurt and bakery products. In this study, milk whey protein isolates were converted to fibrils by heating at low pH using two different approaches to reduce fibrilization time without compromising the quality of fibrils. Fibrils were made with an intervention of stirring to reduce fibrilization time. Continuous stirring improved the quality of fibrils and speed of the fibrilization.

Dairy Research 2020, M. J. Brouk

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Kansas State University is pleased to present the 2020 Dairy Research Report of Progress. Topics include milk processing, physiology, management, nutrition, and feeding of dairy cattle.

Factors Affecting The Sale Price Of Bred Heifers And Bred Cows Sold Through Superior Livestock Video Auctions, M. J. Smith, E. D. Mccabe, M. E. King, K. E. Fike, G. M. Rogers, K. G. Odde

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Objective:The objective of the study was to evaluate potential factors influencing the sale price of bred heifers and bred cows sold through video auctions while adjusting for all other factors that significantly influenced prices.

Study Description:Descriptive characteristics of lots offered for sale were obtained through a livestock video auction service (Superior Livestock Auction, Fort Worth, TX). Data were available on 1,870 lots of bred heifers sold through video auctions from 2010 through 2018 and 1,237 lots of bred cows sold through video auctions from 2011 through 2018. Two separate multiple regression models were developed to determine …

Region Of Origin In The United States Affects Price Premiums Associated With Value-Added Health Protocols Of Beef Calf Lots Sold Through Summer Video Auctions From 2010 Through 2018, M. J. Smith, E. D. Mccabe, M. E. King, K. E. Fike, G. M. Rogers, K. G. Odde

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Objective:The objective was to evaluate the effects of value-added calf health protocols within various regions of the United States on the sale price of beef calf lots sold via summer video auction.

Study Description:Information describing lot factors was obtained through a livestock video auction service (Superior Livestock Auction, Fort Worth, TX). Descriptive characteristics were available over nine years (2010-2018) representing 43,242 lots of beef calves. Data were evaluated to investigate participation in various health programs across regions. A multiple regression model was developed for each region to determine the value associated with health protocols throughout regions …

Beef Longissimus Lumborum Steak Ph Affects External Bioelectrical Impedance Assessment, F. Najar-Villarreal, E. A. Boyle, T. A. Houser, C. I. Vahl, J. Wolf, J. M. Gonzalez, T. G. O'Quinn, J. Kastner, M. D. Chao

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Objective:To use external bioelectrical impedance analysis to assess postmortem chemical changes in normal- and high-pH beef longissimus lumborum steaks during simulated retail display.

Study Description:Beef strip loins (n = 20; postmortem age = 14 d) obtained from a commercial processor were sorted into two treatments, normal-pH (5.61–5.64; n = 11) and high-pH (6.2–7.0; n = 9). Loins were fabricated into five 1-inch thick steaks (n = 100), and randomly assigned to one of five display days: 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9. External bioelectrical impedance values, oxygen consumption, metmyoglobin reducing ability, protein degradation, water holding capacity, …

Sensory Evaluation From Asian Consumers Of Six Different Beef Shank Cuts, W. Wu, E. A. Rice, B. A. Olson, T. G. O'Quinn, T. A. Houser, E. A. Boyle, M. D. Chao

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Objective:The objective of this study was to evaluate factors affecting Asian consumers’ purchasing decisions and eating preferences of six different beef shank cuts.

Study Description:Six different beef shank cuts, three from the forequarter [biceps brachii (shank A); a combination of deep digital flexor and flexor digitorum superficialis (shank B); extensor carpi radialis (shank C)], and three from the hindquarter [flexor digitorum superficialis (shank D); deep digital flexor (shank E); and a combination of long digital extensor, medial digital extensor and peroneus tertius (shank F)] were collected from 12 U.S. Department of Agriculture Low Choice beef carcasses. …

Acknowledgments, Livestock And Meat Industry Council, Inc., Cattlemen's Day 2020

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Listed below are individuals, organizations, and firms that have contributed to the beef research program through financial support, product donations, or services. We appreciate your help!

Livestock and Meat Industry Council, Inc.