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Articles 1 - 30 of 35
Full-Text Articles in Law and Race
Documenting Discrimination In Voting: Judicial Findings Under Section 2 Of The Voting Rights Act Since 1982, Ellen D. Katz, Margaret Aisenbrey, Anna Baldwin, Emma Cheuse, Anna Weisbrodt
Documenting Discrimination In Voting: Judicial Findings Under Section 2 Of The Voting Rights Act Since 1982, Ellen D. Katz, Margaret Aisenbrey, Anna Baldwin, Emma Cheuse, Anna Weisbrodt
Other Publications
This year marks the fortieth anniversary of one of the most remarkable and consequential pieces of congressional legislation ever enacted. The Voting Rights Act of 1965 ("the VRA") targeted massive disfranchisement of African-American citizens in numerous Southern states. It imposed measures drastic in scope and extraordinary in effect. The VRA eliminated the use of literacy tests and other "devices" that Southern jurisdictions had long employed to prevent black residents from registering and voting. The VRA imposed on these jurisdictions onerous obligations to prove to federal officials that proposed changes to their electoral system would not discriminate against minority voters. Resistance …
Applying 42 U.S.C. § 1981 To Claims Of Consumer Discrimination, Abby Morrow Richardson
Applying 42 U.S.C. § 1981 To Claims Of Consumer Discrimination, Abby Morrow Richardson
University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform
This Note explores several interesting legal questions regarding the proper interpretation of 42 U.S.C. § 1981, which prohibits racial discrimination in contracting, when discrimination arises in the context of a consumer retail contract. The Note further explores how the Fifth Circuit's and other federal courts' narrow interpretation of § 1981's application in a retail setting (which allows plaintiffs to invoke the statute only when they have been prevented from completing their purchases) is contrary to the statute's express language, congressional intent, and to evolving concepts of contract theory, all of which reflect a commitment to the strict enforcement of civil …
Stepping Through Grutter'S Open Doors: What The University Of Michigan Affirmative Action Cases Mean For Race-Conscious Government Decisionmaking, Helen L. Norton
Stepping Through Grutter'S Open Doors: What The University Of Michigan Affirmative Action Cases Mean For Race-Conscious Government Decisionmaking, Helen L. Norton
Faculty Scholarship
In Grutter, a majority of the Court for the first time identified an instrumental justification for race-based government decisionmaking as compelling -- specifically, a public law school’s interest in attaining a diverse student body. Grutter not only recognized the value of diversity in higher education, but left open the possibility that the Court might find similar justifications compelling as well. The switch to instrumental justifications for affirmative action appears a strategic response to the Court’s narrowing of the availability of remedial rationales. A number of thoughtful commentators, however, have reacted to this trend with concern and even dismay, questioning whether …
Fair Representation On Juries In The Eastern District Of Michigan: Analyzing Past Efforts And Recommending Future Action, Andrew J. Lievense
Fair Representation On Juries In The Eastern District Of Michigan: Analyzing Past Efforts And Recommending Future Action, Andrew J. Lievense
University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform
This Note builds on past recommendations to reform jury selection systems to make juries more representative of the community. Juries representing a fair cross section of the community are both a statutory and constitutional requirement, as well as a policy goal. How a judicial district designs and implements its jury selection system is important to meeting this requirement.
Part I of this Note analyzes the history and development of the representativeness interest on juries, explains how the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan attempted to meet this interest in the 1980s and 1990s, and reports and …
Reforming U.S. Immigration Policy In An Era Of Latin American Immigration: The Logic Inherent In Accommodating The Inevitable, Ryan D. Frei
Reforming U.S. Immigration Policy In An Era Of Latin American Immigration: The Logic Inherent In Accommodating The Inevitable, Ryan D. Frei
University of Richmond Law Review
No abstract provided.
Destabilizing The Normalization Of Rural Black Land Loss: A Critical Role For Legal Empiricism, Thomas W. Mitchell
Destabilizing The Normalization Of Rural Black Land Loss: A Critical Role For Legal Empiricism, Thomas W. Mitchell
Faculty Scholarship
Mitchell's study exemplifies the New Legal Realist goal of combining qualitative and quantitative empirical research to shed light on important legal and policy issues. He also demonstrates the utility of a ground-level contextual analysis that examines legal problems from the bottom up. The study tracks processes by which black rural landowners have gradually been dispossessed of more than 90% of the land held by their predecessors in 1910. Mitchell points out that despite the continuing practices that contribute to this problem, there has been very little research on the issue, and what little attention legal scholars have paid to it …
Oral History: Rodney Hurst. Interviewed By The University Of Florida, Kristin Dodek, Rodney Lawrence Hurst
Oral History: Rodney Hurst. Interviewed By The University Of Florida, Kristin Dodek, Rodney Lawrence Hurst
Textual material from the Rodney Lawrence Hurst, Sr. Papers
An Oral history about Jacksonville's Civil Rights on 2/18/2005. Box 1, Folder 4.
Certificate: Appreciation To Rodney Hurst For 2nd Annual Black History Leader Luncheon
Certificate: Appreciation To Rodney Hurst For 2nd Annual Black History Leader Luncheon
Textual material from the Rodney Lawrence Hurst, Sr. Papers
A certificate of appreciation from Stanton College Preparatory school on the 2nd annual Black History Leader Luncheon, February 15, 2005
Engendering Legal History, Felice J. Batlan
How The Border Crossed Us: Filling The Gap Between Plume V. Seward And The Dispossession Of Mexican Landowners In California After 1848, 52 Clev. St. L. Rev. 297 (2005), Kim D. Chanbonpin
How The Border Crossed Us: Filling The Gap Between Plume V. Seward And The Dispossession Of Mexican Landowners In California After 1848, 52 Clev. St. L. Rev. 297 (2005), Kim D. Chanbonpin
UIC Law Open Access Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Resegregation In Public Education, Stephen Wermiel
Resegregation In Public Education, Stephen Wermiel
Articles in Law Reviews & Other Academic Journals
No abstract provided.
Discrimination In Sentencing On The Basis Of Afrocentric Features, William T. Pizzi, Irene V. Blair, Charles M. Judd
Discrimination In Sentencing On The Basis Of Afrocentric Features, William T. Pizzi, Irene V. Blair, Charles M. Judd
Michigan Journal of Race and Law
This Article does not challenge the prior research on sentencing discrimination between racial categories that found no significant difference in sentences given to similarly-situated African Americans and Whites. In fact, in the jurisdiction investigated- Florida- no discrimination between African Americans and Whites was found in the sentences imposed on defendants, looking only at racial category differences. Rather, the research suggests that in focusing exclusively on discrimination between racial groups, the research has missed a type of discrimination related to race that is taking place within racial categories: namely, discrimination on the basis of a person's Afrocentric features. By Afrocentric features, …
Felon Disenfrachisement Laws: Partisan Politics In The Legislatures, Jason Belmont Conn
Felon Disenfrachisement Laws: Partisan Politics In The Legislatures, Jason Belmont Conn
Michigan Journal of Race and Law
This examination of the institutional changes to state legislatures, synthesized with an analysis of the handling of felon disenfranchisement laws by state legislatures, presents a troubling realization about the law today: in the twenty-first century, partisan politics moderates decisions about even the most basic and fundamental principles of democracy. This Note suggests that because state legislators follow their party leadership and position, a state's traditional treatment of racial minorities, geographic location, and even ideology are not the strongest indicators of a state's disenfranchisement laws. Rather, partisan politics drives changes to the state laws governing felon voter eligibility.
Why Segregation Is Inherently Unequal: The Abandonment Of Brown And The Continuing Failure Of Plessy, Gary Orfield
Why Segregation Is Inherently Unequal: The Abandonment Of Brown And The Continuing Failure Of Plessy, Gary Orfield
NYLS Law Review
No abstract provided.
The Unintended Lessons In Brown V. Board Of Education, Derrick A. Bell Jr.
The Unintended Lessons In Brown V. Board Of Education, Derrick A. Bell Jr.
NYLS Law Review
No abstract provided.
Are Reports Of Brown‘S Demise Exaggerated? Perspectives Of A School Desegregation Litigator, Dennis D. Parker
Are Reports Of Brown‘S Demise Exaggerated? Perspectives Of A School Desegregation Litigator, Dennis D. Parker
NYLS Law Review
No abstract provided.
Environmental Justice And The Integration Ideal, Rachel D. Godsil
Environmental Justice And The Integration Ideal, Rachel D. Godsil
NYLS Law Review
No abstract provided.
Perspectives On Brown: The South African Experience, Penelope E. Andrews
Perspectives On Brown: The South African Experience, Penelope E. Andrews
NYLS Law Review
No abstract provided.
Judicial Notice: How Judicial Bias Impacts The Unequal Application Of Equal Protection Principles In Affirmative Action Cases, Victor Suthammanont
Judicial Notice: How Judicial Bias Impacts The Unequal Application Of Equal Protection Principles In Affirmative Action Cases, Victor Suthammanont
NYLS Law Review
No abstract provided.
Brown V. Board Of Education, Immigrants, And The Meaning Of Equality, Hiroshi Motomura
Brown V. Board Of Education, Immigrants, And The Meaning Of Equality, Hiroshi Motomura
NYLS Law Review
No abstract provided.
Introduction: Brown Is Dead? Long Live Brown!, Denise C. Morgan
Introduction: Brown Is Dead? Long Live Brown!, Denise C. Morgan
NYLS Law Review
No abstract provided.
Is Brown Dying? Exploring The Resegregation Trend In Our Public Schools, Danielle R. Holley
Is Brown Dying? Exploring The Resegregation Trend In Our Public Schools, Danielle R. Holley
NYLS Law Review
No abstract provided.
By Any Other Name?: On Being "Regarded As" Black, And Why Title Vii Should Apply Even If Lakisha And Jamal Are White, Angela Onwuachi-Willig, Mario L. Barnes
By Any Other Name?: On Being "Regarded As" Black, And Why Title Vii Should Apply Even If Lakisha And Jamal Are White, Angela Onwuachi-Willig, Mario L. Barnes
Articles
Applying theories concerning the social construction of race, this Article borrows from the definition of disability under the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA) and the courts' analyses of disability discrimination cases under the "regarded as" disabled provision of the ADA, which allows a plaintiff to bring a claim against an employer who regards the plaintiff as having an impairment that substantially limits a major life activity. Using the "regarded as" provision as a model, this Article proposes a new method for recognizing discrimination claims based on the use of proxies for race-even when those proxies have been used …
True Integration: Advancing Brown's Goal Of Educational Equity In The Wake Of Grutter, Lia Epperson
True Integration: Advancing Brown's Goal Of Educational Equity In The Wake Of Grutter, Lia Epperson
Articles in Law Reviews & Other Academic Journals
No abstract provided.
Subjective Decisionmaking And Unconscious Discrimination, Melissa Hart
Subjective Decisionmaking And Unconscious Discrimination, Melissa Hart
Publications
Unconscious bias is widely recognized as the most pervasive barrier to equal employment opportunity for minorities and women in the workplace today and yet many argue that federal laws prohibiting discrimination do not prohibit unconscious discrimination. This article argues that the law does in fact provide some redress for unconscious discrimination. Title VII may not be a perfect method for attacking unconscious bias, but it is a mistake to assume that it is without potential. The article challenges the assumption commonly held by judges that a finding of discrimination must be preceded by the belief that an employer is lying …
Stepping Through Grutter's Open Doors: What The University Of Michigan Affirmative Action Cases Mean For Race-Conscious Government Decisionmaking, Helen Norton
Publications
In Grutter, a majority of the Court for the first time identified an instrumental justification for race-based government decisionmaking as compelling - specifically, a public law school's interest in attaining a diverse student body. Grutter not only recognized the value of diversity in higher education, but left open the possibility that the Court might find similar justifications compelling as well.
The switch to instrumental justifications for affirmative action appears a strategic response to the Court's narrowing of the availability of remedial rationales. A number of thoughtful commentators, however, have reacted to this trend with concern and even dismay, questioning …
Statutes Of Limitations: A Policy Analysis In The Context Of Reparations Litigation, Suzette M. Malveaux
Statutes Of Limitations: A Policy Analysis In The Context Of Reparations Litigation, Suzette M. Malveaux
Publications
This article discusses the underlying policy rationales for statutes of limitations and their exceptions, as demonstrated by Supreme Court precedents. This article explores limitations law in the context of a case brought by African-American survivors of the Tulsa Race Riot of 1921 who sought restitution from the local government for its participation in one of the worst race riots in American history, in violation of their constitutional and federal civil rights. Using the Tulsa case as an exemplar, this article analyzes the propriety of the case’s dismissal as time-barred, and contends that this outcome was unwarranted under precedents and failed …
Embracing Segregation: The Jurisprudence Of Choice And Diversity In Race And Sex Separatism In Schools, Nancy Levit
Embracing Segregation: The Jurisprudence Of Choice And Diversity In Race And Sex Separatism In Schools, Nancy Levit
Faculty Works
Fifty years after Brown v. Board of Education, segregation based on race and sex is sweeping the nation's educational systems. Courts are rapidly dismantling desegregation orders, and when those desegregation orders end, school districts racially resegregate. At precisely the same time this end to racial desegregation is occurring, the government is beginning to sponsor sex segregation in schools as well. The No Child Left Behind Act provides over $400 million in federal funds for experiments in education, such as single-sex schools and classes. Embracing Segregation draws connections between the end of racial desegregation and the beginning of government-sponsored sex segregation …
After Georgia V. Ashcroft: The Primacy Of Proportionality, Felix B. Chang
After Georgia V. Ashcroft: The Primacy Of Proportionality, Felix B. Chang
Michigan Journal of Race and Law
This Note argues that the majority in Ashcroft have left courts with an unadministerable standard-not so much for reasons that Justice Souter articulated in his dissent, but rather because the Court provided no guidance on navigating around the myriad of factors in the convoluted totality analyses. In the face of this uncertainty, lower courts will rely increasingly on the proportionality standard of Johnson v. De Grandy, which marked the midpoint in the judicial shift from Justice Brennan's worldview to Justice O'Connor's world-view. Part I examines two cases after Ashcroft which represent different degrees of racial vote dilution: Shirt v. …
What You Don't Know Can Hurt You: The Importance Of Information In The Battle Against Environmental Class And Racial Discrimination, Browne C. Lewis
What You Don't Know Can Hurt You: The Importance Of Information In The Battle Against Environmental Class And Racial Discrimination, Browne C. Lewis
Law Faculty Articles and Essays
People across the country have witnessed the quality of their local environment decline in the name of progress but Lewis argues that tow-income and minority persons have observed the disproportionate placement of environmental hazards in their communities. That disparity has partially resulted from environmental discrimination based upon class and race. Acknowledging unequal treatment of low-income and minority persons has led to the development of the concept of "environmental justice. "
The premise of this Article is that, in order to effectively combat environmental discrimination, people must have access to quality information. Information may be used as a remedial measure. This …