Law and Economics Commons^™

Patenting Standards - A Case For Us Antitrust Law Or A Call For Recognizing Immanent Public Policy Limitations To The Exploitation Rights Conferred By The Patent Act?, Apostolos Chronopoulos

Apostolos Chronopoulos

This paper examines the adverse effect of patent ambushing on competitive conditions resulting in the distortion of the standardization process in markets where the effectiveness of competition relies heavily on standardization. The US Rambus litigation serves as a point of departure. In this case, the strategic behavior of the patentee was subjected to both an antitrust and unfair competition analysis. Both approaches display an inadequacy to squarely balance all of the conflicting interests involved. The solution proposed is to apply the patent misuse doctrine as a rule that expresses a public policy defense against patent enforcement so as to ensure …

Szerződésértelmezés Hermeneutika És Jogpolitika Között. A Contra Proferentem Szabály [Contract Interpretation Between Hermeneutics And Policy: The Contra Proferentem Rule], Péter Cserne

Péter Cserne

This paper discusses why contract interpretation is substantially different from the interpretation of literary works and illustrates the argument with the analysis of the contra proferentem rule. It is a substantially revised version of my ‘Policy considerations in contract interpretation: the contra proferentem rule from a comparative law and economics perspective’ (2009)

Making Transfer Of Clean Technology Work: Lessons Of The Clean Development Mechanism, Mei Gechlik

San Diego International Law Journal

This Article takes a closer look at the case of China to fill the gap. It draws on numerous sources including Chinese laws and regulations, the country's policies on climate change, the country's technological capabilities and business environment, observations made by CDM specialists, and other studies of CDM projects. Such a comprehensive discussion, together with Dechezleprete et al.'s findings, will present a more complete picture of what actually drives the transfer of clean technologies to China and will, therefore, help design an effective post-Kyoto framework to facilitate international diffusion of clean technologies.

The Fault Principle As The Chameleon Of Contract Law: A Market Function Approach, Stefan Grundmann

Michigan Law Review

This Article begins with a comparative law survey showing that all legal systems do not opt exclusively for fault liability or strict liability in contract law, but often adopt a more nuanced approach. This approach includes intermediate solutions such as reversing the burden of proof, using a market ("objective") standard of care, distinguishing between different types of contracts, and providing a "second chance" to breaching parties. Taking this starting point seriously and arguing that it is highly unlikely that all legal systems err, this Article argues that the core question is how and when each liability regime should prevail or …

Use And Enjoyment Of Intangible Services: The German, Austrian, Danish And Estonian Vat Derogations, Richard Thompson Ainsworth

Faculty Scholarship

When the Czech Republic elected (effective January 1, 2009) to derogate from the standard rules for determining the place of supply for intangible services, pursuant to Article 58 of the Recast VAT Directive (RVD), it was following the lead of ten other Member States. This paper considers four of those other jurisdictions - Germany, Austria, Estonia, and Denmark - and compares their derogations with that of the Czech Republic.

In each instance a use and enjoyment standard determines the place of supply for certain intangible services. The affected transactions are (potentially) wide ranging. In each instance non-EU countries are on …

Use And Enjoyment Of Intangible Services: The Czech Republic's Vat Derogation, Richard Thompson Ainsworth

Faculty Scholarship

On January 1, 2009 a minor change in the Czech Republic VAT became effective. A use and enjoyment standard was added to modify the sourcing of certain service transactions. Traditional proxy-based rules, derived from Articles 43 and 56(1) of the Recast VAT Directive (RVD), are set aside by this modification when the customer receiving the services has a permanent establishment (PE) in the Czech Republic. The modification is authorized by RVD 58.

This change is a limited adoption of RVD 58(b), and functions like a full force of attraction principle in direct taxation. If caught by these rules, transactions that …

Quebec's Module D'Enregistrement Des Ventes (Mev): Fighting The Zapper, Phantomware And Tax Fraud With Technology, Richard Thompson Ainsworth

Faculty Scholarship

On January 28, 2008 the Quebec Minister of Revenue, Jean-Marc Fournier, announced that by late 2009 the MRQ will begin testing a device, the module d'enregistrement des ventes (MEV) that is projected to substantially reduce tax fraud in the restaurant sector. By 2010 or 2011 MEVs will be mandatory in all Quebec restaurants, where they will assure accuracy and retention of business records within electronic cash registers (ECRs).

This paper moves beyond a discussion of the variety of sales suppression programs in use - zappers and phantom-ware. The concern here is on enforcement efforts, particularly the MEV. The intent is …

The Chinese Regulatory Licensing Regime For Pharmaceutical Products: A Law And Economics Analysis, Qing Zhang

Michigan Telecommunications & Technology Law Review

China's pharmaceutical market has expanded dramatically in the past twenty years and is expected to become the largest in the world by the year 2050. However, entry to the market remains difficult for many international pharmaceutical manufacturers due to the country's costly and complicated regulatory licensing requirements. This Article provides an overview of the regulatory licensing regime for pharmaceutical products in China. Then, the Article evaluates three key features of the regulatory licensing regime through a law and economics approach. These features include the use of licensing, as contrasted with alternative regulatory and non-regulatory mechanisms; the standards to be met …

Competition Law And The Institutional Embeddedness Of Economics, David J. Gerber

All Faculty Scholarship

Transnational debates about the role of economics in competition law have paid relatively little systematic attention to the embeddedness of economics in institutions. They typically proceed as if embeddedness were not an issue. The assumption often appears to be that economics looks, acts and functions in the same way wherever it is applied. This assumption is frequently the basis for claims supporting increased use of economics in competition law systems around the world.

This article examines that assumption and argues that the institutional embeddedness of economics needs to be taken into account when we wish to evaluate and analyze the …

Legal Limbo: Where Should The Guantanamo Uighurs Be Released?, William L. Tucker

ILSA Journal of International & Comparative Law

The September 11, 2001 attacks on the United States shocked the world's conscience and changed the American public's feeling of vulnerability.

Introducción Al Análisis Económico Del Derecho Administrativo / Introduction To Administrative Law And Economics, Andres Palacios Lleras

Andrés Palacios Lleras

El estudio y la enseñanza del derecho administrativo colombiano dejan mucho que desear, especialmente en lo que respecta al estudio del derecho como fenómeno social. Éste tiende a ser presentado como un cuerpo de normas políticamente neutrales, construido a partir de categorías conceptuales muy abstractas, y coherente. Como resultado de ello, asume una posición “normativista” que ignora el contexto social en el que lleva a la producción e interpretación de las normas jurídicas. Este artículo sugiere que un cambio conceptual puede ser muy útil para “curar” al análisis del derecho administrativo de los males que lo aquejan. Sugiere que el …

Banking Reform In The Chinese Mirror, Katharina Pistor

Katharina Pistor

This paper analyzes the transactions that led to the partial privatization of China’s three largest banks in 2005–06. It suggests that these transactions were structured to allow for inter-organizational learning under conditions of uncertainty. For the involved foreign investors, participation in large financial intermediaries of central importance to the Chinese economy gave them the opportunity to learn about financial governance in China. For the Chinese banks partnering with more than one foreign investor, their participation allowed them to benefit from the input by different players in the global financial market place and to learn from the range of technical and …

La Desgracia De Lo Ajeno, Diego G. Pardow

Diego G. Pardow

No abstract provided.

Fiscalizacion Y Transparencia En Las Empresas Del Estado, Diego G. Pardow, Rodrigo Vallejo

Diego G. Pardow

This note is a comment on Chilean precedents about the political mechanisms to control state-owned enterprises.

Comparative Law By Numbers? Legal Origins Thesis, Doing Business Reports, And The Silence Of Traditional Comparative Law, Ralf Michaels

Faculty Scholarship

The legal origins thesis -- the thesis that legal origin impacts economic growth and the common law is better for economic growth than the civil law -- has created hundreds of papers and citation numbers unheard of among comparative lawyers. The Doing Business reports -- cross-country comparisons including rankings on the attractiveness of different legal systems for doing business -- have the highest circulation numbers of all World Bank Publications; even critics admit that they have been successful at inciting legal reform in many countries in the world. Yet, traditional comparative lawyers have all but ignored these developments.

The first …

The Second Wave Of Comparative Law And Economics?, Ralf Michaels

Faculty Scholarship

Comment on a text by Gillian Hadfield, The Levers of Legal Design: Institutional Determinants of the Quality of Law, 36 Journal of Comparative Economics 43 (2008)

Is Law An Economic Contest? French Reactions To The Doing Business World Bank Reports And Economic Analysis Of The Law, Anne-Julie Kerhuel, Bénédicte Fauvarque-Cosson

Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works

The economic analysis of law has provoked strong reactions among French academics, in particular since 2004 when the first of the Doing Business reports was published. French jurists have joined forces to expose the methodological limits inherent to these reports, which rated France a long way behind other legal systems allegedly more able to facilitate business. In its first part, this article examines the various reactions to these reports, almost all of which were published in French only. In the second part, the focus is on the position of economic analysis in French law, its role, and, in particular, the …

Behavioral Economic Issues In American & Islamic Marriage & Divorce Law, Ryan M. Riegg

Ryan M. Riegg

La Responsabilidad Precontractual En Debate: Panorama De La Doctrina Jurídica Nacional, Renzo E. Saavedra Velazco

Renzo E. Saavedra Velazco

El presente artículo tiene como propósito específico brindar una visión panorámica de las diversas interpretaciones que se han propuesto en sede peruana para la configuración de la responsabilidad por culpa in contrahendo. A tal efecto, se procederá a un breve recuento de las opiniones vertidas por la doctrina nacional para luego dar nuestra opinión ante tan debatida cuestión.

De Los Periodos Precontractuales Y De Su Verdadera Y Exacta Explicación Cientifica: Una Aproximacion A La Propuesta Teorica De Gabriele Faggela, Renzo E. Saavedra Velazco

Renzo E. Saavedra Velazco

El objetivo del presente articulo es el reconstruir del modo mas fidedigno posible el pensamiento del autor italiano aludido, maxime cuando el conocimiento de su teoria ha llegado a nuestro medio a traves de citas indirectas y de manera distorsionada, incompleta y carente de su real contenido.

Comentario Al Libro "Testamento: Disposizioni Generali" Del Profesor Stefano Delle Monache, Renzo E. Saavedra Velazco

Renzo E. Saavedra Velazco

En el presente comentario se efectúa una brevísima micro comparación entre los desarrollos efectuados en los sistemas italiano y peruano sobre el testamento. Para ello se tomará como base las temáticas presentadas por el profesor Delle Monache en el libro bajo comentario.

Paternalism In Policy: Prospects And Limitations Of An Economic Analysis, Péter Cserne

Péter Cserne

No abstract provided.

A Közteherviselés (70/I. §) [The Constitutional Duty To Contribute To Public Expenditures. Hungary 1989-2009], Péter Cserne

Péter Cserne

This is a chapter in the 2 volume commentary on the (pre-2012) Hungarian constitution, edited by Andras Jakab. It provides a legal doctrinal analysis of the constitutional power to tax, as regulated in Art 70/I of the Constitution of the Republic of Hungary (the duty to contribute to public expenditures) and interpreted by the Hungarian Constitutional Court.