Law and Economics Commons^™

Analyzing Bank Drafted Letter Of Credit Rules, The International Standby Practice (Isp98), John F. Dolan

Law Faculty Research Publications

No abstract provided.

¿Embargo De Derechos Creditorios Cartulares?, Martin Paolantonio, Armando Ricci

Martin Paolantonio

Análisis de una sentencia en la que se trató la posibilidad del embargo de derechos derivados de un título valor cuando éste ha ya circulado

La Buena Fe En La Adquisición De Títulos Valores Al Portador, Martin Paolantonio

Martin Paolantonio

A propósito de una sentencia judicial, consideraciones sobre la buena fe y su rol en la disciplina de los títulos valores

Nuevas Y Viejas Reflexiones Acerca De La Ejecución De Títulos Cambiarios Nulos (A Propósito Del Plenario "Canosa"), Martin Paolantonio

Martin Paolantonio

Análisis y reflexiones sobre la función de la formalidad en los títulos valores cambiarios, su interpretación jurisprudencial y doctrinaria

El Derecho De Preferencia En La Sociedad Anónima: Reflexiones Sobre El Caso De Las Sociedades Abiertas, Martin Paolantonio

Martin Paolantonio

Análisis sobre el derecho de suscripción preferente, y la conveniencia de su flexibilización en el ámbito de la oferta pública

Patching A Hole In The Jobs Act: How And Why To Rewrite The Rules That Require Firms To Make Periodic Disclosures, Michael D. Guttentag

Indiana Law Journal

Provisions in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 have made it much easier for firms to avoid federal periodic disclosure obligations, but these provisions were enacted based upon a virtually nonexistent legislative record and upended rules established only after careful consideration almost fifty years earlier. Determining when firms should be required to comply with federal periodic disclosure requirements is best done in the context of a broader understanding of the history and economics of periodic disclosure regulation. This Article provides such an understanding.

The history of periodic disclosure regulation in the United States is traced back to its …

Exploring The Battle Of The Forms In Action, Daniel Keating

Michigan Law Review

Like many commercial law professors, I have long been fascinated with the workings of the Uniform Commercial Code's section 2-207, the "battle of the forms" provision. There are two features of that section, one internal and one external, that make it such an intriguing statute to ponder. The internal source of fascination with section 2-207 is that it provides a classic model for teaching students about the intricacies of statutory construction. There is probably no other provision within U.C.C. Article 2 that provides more confusion to law students and more challenge to the instructor than does section 2-207. There is …

Bankruptcy Reorganization: Legal Dynamics Associated With Economic Discontinuity, Young Rock Noh

LLM Theses and Essays

This thesis attempts to discover the factors leading to such failures and to propose a cure. It argues that the basic structure of Chapter 11 of the Code, the debtor in possession structure, is one of the essential factors causing such a high rate of failure. The thesis further asserts that it is possible to reduce the rate of unsuccessful reorganization if the bankruptcy court exercises its power of case management more actively and expeditiously. For example, the court can screen the debtors' filing for relief before the reorganization case proceeds too far. Chapter II of this thesis examines the …

Letters Of Credit As Signals: Comments On Ronald Mann's 'The Role Of Letters Of Credit In Payment Transactions', Clayton P. Gillette

Michigan Law Review

Why would buyers and sellers transact with each other through a third party that charges a significant fee for its services and that typically is authorized to make payment notwithstanding noncompliance with the very prerequisites that it has been engaged to monitor? This is the puzzle that Ronald Mann's provocative and nuanced article purports to explain. Under the traditional story about the esoteric world of letters of credit, these transactions allow distant buyers and sellers to circumvent obstacles that would otherwise frustrate long-distance transactions. The traditional story explains that these credits induce buyers to approve payment prior to receiving conforming …

Reconciling The Old Theory And The New Evidence: Comments On Ronald Mann's 'The Role Of Letters Of Credit In Payment Transactions', Jacob I. Corré

Michigan Law Review

Ronald Mann's thorough research and rigorous analysis provide compelling evidence that the commercial letter of credit does not further the fundamental purpose traditionally associated with it. Equally persuasive are his hypotheses about the functions that letters of credit actually serve in the real world. The objective statistics are startling. An overwhelming majority of letter of credit seller-beneficiaries make at least initial presentations to issuing or correspondent banks that by the express terms of the letter of credit do not entitle the seller to payment. Without a waiver from its customer, the issuing bank is legally entitled to, and surely will …

Informality As A Bilateral Assurance Mechanism: Comments On Ronald Mann's 'The Role Of Letters Of Credit In Payment Transactions', Avery Wiener Katz

Michigan Law Review

Ronald Mann's study of documentary defects in the presentation of commercial letters of credit is a valuable contribution to the commercial law literature in at least three respects. First, it offers a detailed and thorough empirical survey of an important though specialized aspect of commercial practice. Mann collected and coded a data sample of 500 randomly selected letter-of-credit transactions, personally evaluating each transaction to determine whether the documentary presentation by the beneficiary of the letter of credit (i.e., the seller) complied with the letter's formal terms. Then, for each case in which he found one or more documentary defects, Mann …

Commercial Norms And The Fine Art Of The Small Con: Comments On Daniel Keating's 'Exploring The Battle Of The Forms In Action', Douglas G. Baird

Michigan Law Review

The standard battle-of-the-forms story, often rehearsed in the classroom, is one in which merchants try to take advantage of their contracting opposites. A seller wants to escape the obligations that come with implied terms and seeks to disclaim them in its acknowledgment form. Its buyers do not realize they have been had until after the goods fail. Only then do they read the seller's form and discover that they are without remedy. Conspicuously absent in Dan Keating's fine article, however, is any evidence that supports this story. Some of his merchants talk about putting favorable terms in their forms, but …

The Sound Of One Form Battling: Comments On Daniel Keating's 'Exploring The Battle Of The Forms In Action', Richard Craswell

Michigan Law Review

Daniel Keating has provided a thoughtful and useful study of the way that businesses form contracts. In particular, he has given us a good deal of data concerning the problem known as the "battle of the forms." Commercial lawyers have, of course, been wrangling over this problem for decades, so it is no small accomplishment to be able to offer a useful contribution. In Part I below, I describe more precisely just what Keating's data does and does not illuminate. Parts II and III then focus on a particular contracting practice that Keating has identified: the practice of getting both …

The Limits Of Empiricism: What Facts Tell Us: Comments On Daniel Keating's 'Exploring The Battle Of The Forms In Action', Dennis Patterson

Michigan Law Review

The conventional legal academic wisdom about empiricism is that empirical information is by-and-large a good thing, that we need more of it, and that empirical analysis is preferable to many scholarly alternatives now on offer in the law review literature. I do not dispute the proposition that, all things considered, empirical information is a good thing. What I question is the notion that empirical information necessarily leads to knowledge. Put differently, it is one thing to marshal the facts, and another to know what to make of the facts. I shall raise these points both in a general way and …

On The Use Of Practitioner Surveys In Commercial Law Research: Comments On Daniel Keating's 'Exploring The Battle Of The Forms In Action', Avery Wiener Katz

Michigan Law Review

As Daniel Keating's principal article attests, the literature on U.C.C. section 2-207 and the "battle of the forms" is both vast and intricate. 1 That fact, together with the distinguished array of commentators assembled here, makes it unlikely that I will be able to say anything substantially original on that subject. Accordingly, in the spirit of this overall symposium, I will focus the bulk of my remarks not on the substantive issues raised by Keating's article, but on his methodology. In particular, I will suggest that Keating's empirical method - the free-form, oral interview conducted personally by the principal researcher …

Private Order Under Dysfunctional Public Order, John Mcmillan, Christopher Woodruff

Michigan Law Review

Businesspeople need contractual assurance. Most transactions are less straightforward than a cash sale of an easily identifiable item. Buyers need assurance of the quality of what they are purchasing, and sellers need assurance that bills will be paid. The legal system may not always be available to provide contractual assurance - and when the law is dysfunctional, private order might arise in its place. Many developing and transition economies have dysfunctional legal systems, either because the laws do not exist or because the machinery for enforcing them is inadequate. In such countries, bilateral relationships, communal norms, trade associations, or market …

Enforcing Contracts In Dysfunctional Legal Systems: The Close Relationship Between Public And Private Orders: A Repy To Mcmillan And Woodruff, Ariel Porat

Michigan Law Review

When the public order is dysfunctional, a private order for enforcing contracts will develop. In the absence of courts, transactors will seek ways to secure performance without recourse to legal sanctions. Social and economic sanctions imposed on the party in breach, whether by the aggrieved party or by the economic and social community in which both parties operate, replace legal sanctions. These sanctions sometimes arise within a private order functioning spontaneously, as when ongoing contractual relationships prevail between the parties, or when a close-knit economic or social community exists in which information concerning breaches of contract flows freely. In other …

The Role Of Letters Of Credit In Payment Transactions, Ronald J. Mann

Michigan Law Review

Common justifications for the use of the letter of credit fail to explain its widespread use. The classic explanation claims that the letter of credit provides an effective assurance of payment from a financially responsible third party. In that story, the seller - a Taiwanese clothing manufacturer, for example - fears that the overseas buyer - Wal-Mart - will refuse to pay once the goods have been shipped. Cross-border transactions magnify the concern, because the difficulties of litigating in a distant forum will hinder the manufacturer's efforts to force the distant buyer to pay. The manufacturer-seller solves that problem by …

Responsabilidade Global, Ivo T. Gico

Ivo Teixeira Gico Jr.

O presente artigo traz ao leitor, para além de questões meramente processuais, argumentos para justificar a responsabilização das empresas ditas globais por obrigações decorrentes de relação de consumo transnacionais.

This article brings to the reader, in addition to purely procedural issues, arguments to justify the accountability of the so-called global firms for obligations related to transnational relations of consumption.

O Fim Dos Intermediários?., Ivo T. Gico

Ivo Teixeira Gico Jr.

Neste artigo, o autor discute a perda gradativa da importância do intermediário comercial face o desenvolvimento do comércio eletrônico e seu novo papel na logística.

In this article, the author discusses the gradual loss of importance of the middlemen against the electronic commerce development and its new role in logistics.

Consideraciones Sobre El Procedimiento De Cobro De Deudas Derivadas Del Uso De Tarjetas De Crédito, Martin Paolantonio

Martin Paolantonio

Análisis de la regulación de la ley 25.065 sobre tarjetas de crédito y las reglas sustantivas y procesales para el cobro de saldos deudores