Contracts Commons^™

Bridging The Gap Between Intent And Status: A New Framework For Modern Parentage, Yehezkel Margalit

Hezi Margalit

The last few decades have witnessed dramatic changes in the conceptualization and methodologies of determining legal parentage in the U.S. and other countries in the western world. Through various sociological shifts, growing social openness and bio-medical innovations, the traditional definitions of family and parenthood have been dramatically transformed. This transformation has led to an acute and urgent need for legal and social frameworks to regulate the process of determining legal parentage. Moreover, instead of progressing in a piecemeal, ad-hoc manner, the framework for determining legal parentage should be comprehensive. Only a comprehensive solution will address the differing needs of today’s …

From Baby M To Baby M(Anji): Regulating International Surrogacy Agreements, Yehezkel Margalit

Hezi Margalit

In 1985, when Kim Cotton became Britain’s first commercial surrogate mother, Europe was exposed to the issue of surrogacy for the first time on a large scale. Three years later, in 1988, the famous case of Baby M drew the attention of the American public to surrogacy as well. These two cases implicated fundamental ethical and legal issues regarding domestic surrogacy and triggered a fierce debate about motherhood, child-bearing, and the relationship between procreation, science and commerce. These two cases exemplified the debate regarding domestic surrogacy - a debate that has now been raging for decades. Contrary to the well-known …

Gandhi’S Prophecy: Corporate Violence And A Mindful Law For Bhopal, Nehal A. Patel

Nehal A. Patel

AbstractOver thirty years have passed since the Bhopal chemical disaster began,and in that time scholars of corporate social responsibility (CSR) havediscussed and debated several frameworks for improving corporate responseto social and environmental problems. However, CSR discourse rarelydelves into the fundamental architecture of legal thought that oftenbuttresses corporate dominance in the global economy. Moreover, CSRdiscourse does little to challenge the ontological and epistemologicalassumptions that form the foundation for modern economics and the role ofcorporations in the world.I explore methods of transforming CSR by employing the thought ofMohandas Gandhi. I pay particular attention to Gandhi’s critique ofindustrialization and principle of swadeshi (self-sufficiency) …

Right To Cure Under The Unidroit Principles Article 7.1.4: A Historical Analysis, Gakuro Himeno

Gakuro HIMENO

Riht to cure under Unidroit 7.1.4 has three sources: a) Nachtrag, b) mise en demeure and Nachfrist and c) right to cure under Uniform Commercial Code 2-508. When the UCC Committee, Section of Business law, the ABA reviewed what will become the Unidroit Principles, they found a counterpart to their own right to cure in it: Nachfrist. Then drafting a new provision upon cure was commissioned to Richard Hyland, a US professor. While this provision, rare case where Unidroit and PECL disagrees (8. 104), has long been under criticism especially by the European drafters, met with a DCFR provision that …

La Resolución Por Incumplimiento Y El Resarcimiento De Daños. Precisiones En Torno A Su Acumulación Procesal, Jimmy J. Ronquillo Pascual

Jimmy J. Ronquillo Pascual

No abstract provided.

Trust And Good-Faith Taken To A New Level: An Analysis Of Inconsistent Behavior In The Brazilian Legal Order, Thiago Luis Sombra

Thiago Luís Santos Sombra

With the changes in the paradigm of voluntarism developed under the protection of liberalism, the bases for legal acts have reached an objective dimension, resulting in the birth of a number of mechanisms of control of private autonomy. Among these mechanisms, we can point out the relevance of those reinforced by the Roman Law, whose high ethical value underlines one of its biggest virtues in the control of the exercise of subjective rights. The prohibition of inconsistent behavior, conceived in the brocard venire contra factum proprium, constitutes one of the concepts from the Roman Law renown for the protection …

Trust And Good-Faith Taken To A New Level: An Analysis Of Inconsistent Behavior In The Brazilian Legal Order, Thiago Luis Sombra

Thiago Luís Santos Sombra

With the changes in the paradigm of voluntarism developed under the protection of liberalism, the bases for legal acts have reached an objective dimension, resulting in the birth of a number of mechanisms of control of private autonomy. Among these mechanisms, we can point out the relevance of those reinforced by the Roman Law, whose high ethical value underlines one of its biggest virtues in the control of the exercise of subjective rights. The prohibition of inconsistent behavior, conceived in the brocard venire contra factum proprium, constitutes one of the concepts from the Roman Law renown for the protection …

An Approach To The Regulation Of Spanish Banking Foundations, Miguel Martínez

Miguel Martínez

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the legal framework governing banking foundations as they have been regulated by Spanish Act 26/2013, of December 27th, on savings banks and banking foundations. Title 2 of this regulation addresses a construct that is groundbreaking for the Spanish legal system, still of paramount importance for the entire financial system insofar as these foundations become the leading players behind certain banking institutions given the high interest that foundations hold in the share capital of such institutions.

Modos De Extinción De La Propiedad, Ronald Benjamin Jallurana Añamuro

RONALD Benjamín Jallurana Añamuro

De acuerdo al C. C. (art. 968) la propiedad se extingue por: 1. Adquisición del bien por otra persona. 2. Destrucción o pérdida total o consumo del bien. 3. Expropiación. 4. Abandono del bien durante veinte años, en cuyo caso pasa el predio al dominio del estado.

Innovaciones Legislativas Y Jurisprudenciales Al Régimen Del Arrendamiento Contenido En El Código Civil Peruano De 1984., Walter Vásquez Rebaza

Walter Vásquez Rebaza

No abstract provided.

No Todo Lo Que Brilla Es Oro, Pero Podría Serlo… Sobre El Nuevo Precedente Del Tribunal De Indecopi Sobre La Evaluación De Acuerdos De Coexistencia Marcaria, Javier André Murillo Chávez

Javier André Murillo Chávez

No abstract provided.

Stiffing The Arbitrators: The Problem Of Nonpayment In Commercial Arbitration, Brian Farkas, Neal M. Eiseman

Brian Farkas

Commercial arbitration is a creature of contract; the parties are there because they choose to be, either including an arbitration clause in their written agreement or, after a dispute developed, electing to avoid litigation all together. Arbitration also comes with an up-front cost non-existent in litigation: the arbitrators. Taxpayers pay for their state and federal judges, but the parties themselves pay for their arbitrators. But what happens if one party refuses (or is otherwise unable) to pay the arbitrator? If the arbitrator then refuses to proceed, as is likely, should the dispute revert to court, in derogation of the prior …

Breves Reflexiones Sobre La Cientificidad Del Contrato, Julio Santiago Solis Gozar

Julio Santiago Solis Gozar

El objetivo principal de este trabajo es demostrar que el contrato —instrumento jurídico indispensable para nuestra existencia—, como institución del Derecho Civil, goza de todos los presupuestos para ser considerado un acto científico con base en las características que posee, su importancia en la sociedad, y la evolución sistemática y metódica que precede a numerosos estudios que llevan a determinar principios y teorías sustentadas objetivamente. Para demostrar la propuesta, se necesita el soporte de la epistemología, la filosofía, la historia, la antropología, la sociología y el Derecho comparado a fin de obtener una modesta construcción teórica de su cientificidad.

Artificial Insemination From Donor (Aid) – From Status To Contract And Back Again?, Yehezkel Margalit

Hezi Margalit

The last few decades have witnessed dramatic changes in the institutions of family and parenthood and an abandonment of the historical emphasis on their bionormative structures. These changes are the result of societal shifts with respect to public openness and technological innovations that segregate marital relations from sexuality and fertility. The resultant parenthood structures, which depart from traditional spousal and parental models, intensify the ability and need to determine legal parenthood in numerous unprecedented contexts. Sir Henry Maine famously stated that mankind is pacing from status toward contract. This theme has had particular resonance during the past half century in …

Nature Of Deposit Contract In Iran Civil Law, Mohamad Ali Ali Yousefkhani Mr

Mohamad Ali Ali Yousefkhani

As you know that in recent years the legislatures are sometimes have a problem to detect and distinguishing the parties intention at first of making an agreements and contract . it sometimes the Judges are complaining about the parties intention and they distracted the said persons target . in this article we want to consider the parties intention in 'Deposit contract and in the future we will be considered the other elements of this momentous contract .

Majoritarian Default Rules In Civil Contract Law: Legal Doctrine And Law & Economics [En Español], Daniel A. Monroy

Daniel A Monroy C

Resumen

El presente trabajo posee dos objetivos complementarios: Por un lado (i) basados en una lectura de la doctrina jurídica civilista en general, se evidencia la existencia de un criterio normativo al que debiera responder las reglas predeterminadas (reglas supletivas) en el derecho de contratos. Por otro lado, (ii) se contrasta e enriquece dicho criterio normativo con los aportes que sobre el mismo punto ha efectuado el Análisis Económico del Derecho (AED). Así, la hipótesis del trabajo se expresa en la idea de que, conforme la doctrina jurídica civilista, las reglas predeterminadas debieran ser el reflejo de lo regular, lo …

Los Problemas En La Actuación De La Resolución Por Incumplimiento Y Las Soluciones Que Ofrece El Derecho Comparado, Jimmy J. Ronquillo Pascual

Jimmy J. Ronquillo Pascual

El autor analiza el instituto de la resolución por incumplimiento previsto en el Código Civil. A su vez propone una serie de cambios normativos a tener en cuenta en una futura reforma legislativa sobre esta institución sobre la base de las normas del Derecho Contractual europeo e internacional. De esta manera, el autor analiza los problemas derivados de la resolución judicial y extrajudicial respecto a la retroactividad así como los efectos restitutivos e indemnizatorios que esta genera. Asimismo, propone la regulación de la resolución por vencimiento del plazo esencial y estudia la importancia de la gravedad del incumplimiento y la …

There Are Penalty Defaults Rules In The Colombian Contract Law [En Español], Daniel A. Monroy

Daniel A Monroy C

In the late 80s, Ian Ayres and Robert Gertner proposed a supplementary and controversial theory about how to fill gaps in incomplete contracts. Specifically, the authors coined the concept of "penalty default rule", this is a default rule that fills a gap with a term that the majority of parties wouldn't have wanted. Based on this theoretical background, the aim of this paper is to show that indeed, there are penalty defaults rules in the Colombian contract law. To this end, our the paper (i) proposes a methodology to identify hypothetical fact situations in which penalty defaults should be established, …

The Evolution Of The Digital Millennium Copyright Act; Changing Interpretations Of The Dmca And Future Implications For Copyright Holders, Hillary A. Henderson

Hillary A Henderson

Copyright law rewards an artificial monopoly to individual authors for their creations. This reward is based on the belief that, by granting authors the exclusive right to reproduce their works, they receive an incentive and means to create, which in turn advances the welfare of the general public by “promoting the progress of science and useful arts.” Copyright protection subsists . . . in original works of authorship fixed in any tangible medium of expression, now known or later developed, from which they can be perceived, reproduced, or otherwise communicated, either directly or with the aid of a machine or …

The Extent Of The Right To Strike In Nigerian Labour Law, Christian Chizindu Wigwe Ph.D

Christian Chizindu Wigwe Ph.D

A treatment of the fundamental rights to freedom of expression and of movement and the rights to peaceful assembly and association cannot be exhaustive without a thorough insight into the right of organized labour to picket or mount pressure with a view to currying favours. This is because all over the world, the right of labour to picket vis-à-vis the need to maintain peace, law and order has been a contentious constitutional issue. This paper examines the right of workers to embark on strike and the place of law in regulating issues of strike. It takes the view that there …

Los Contratos Coligados En Fraude A La Ley. Con Especial Referencia Al Modelo Jurídico Italiano, Walter Vásquez Rebaza

Walter Vásquez Rebaza

No abstract provided.

La Resolución Por Incumplimiento Y Algunos Desaciertos En Su Actuación A Nivel Judicial, Jimmy J. Ronquillo Pascual

Jimmy J. Ronquillo Pascual

No abstract provided.

La Inexistencia Del Negocio Jurídico. ¿Duplicación Inútil, Hipótesis De Escuela O Genuina Categoría Operativa?, Walter Vásquez Rebaza

Walter Vásquez Rebaza

El propósito del presente artículo es determinar si en el ordenamiento jurídico peruano es posible o no hablar de inexistencia del negocio jurídico como un fenómeno distinto a la nulidad.

A Case Study On Burying Alive Of Two Women In Balochistan, Sohail Ahmed Ansari Advocate

Sohail Ahmed Ansari Advocate

Violence against women is present in a variety of forms in Pakistan. From domestic abuse & sexual harassment to child marriages and honour killing; a range of anti-women atrocities are carried out. Pakistani women face systematic discrimination from the day they are born. The patriarchal mindset of society refuses to recognize them as human beings deserving of equality, human rights and justice. Unfortunately in some parts of Balochistan a brutal custom of justice prevails; where the women are treated as trading objects. They are being tried without hearing their cause. They are not allowed to plea their case. They are …

Négociations Et Accords Précontractuels: Incartades À L'Unité Des Acteurs, Du Lieu Et De L'Action, Nicolas Pierre Marie Kuonen

Nicolas Kuonen

No abstract provided.

Calculating Judgment Interest In The Wake Of Wis. Act 69, Kimberly L. Alderman

Kimberly L. Alderman

A step-by-step guide for attorneys to use when calculating post-judgment interest in Wisconsin after the changes imposed by Wis. Act 69.

Towards Determining Legal Parentage By Agreement In Israel, Yehezkel Margalit

Hezi Margalit

In Israel as in other parts of the world, families, parenthood, and relations between parents and children have changed dramatically over the past few decades. So, too, developments in modern medicine have enhanced the ability to separate sexuality from fertility and parenthood. Many researchers feel that the legal system has not kept pace with these changes, and that traditional models of familial relationships no longer provide adequate tools for dealing with them. In order to bridge the gap between a desired social status and current law, a growing number of parents seek to regulate the status, rights, and obligations of …

El Derecho Al Trato Justo, A La Equidad Y A La Educación Financiera De Los Consumidores, Jose R. Nina Cuentas

Jose R. Nina Cuentas

Tema de Protección del Usuario Financiero en la Contratación de Créditos de Consumo.

Determining Legal Parenthood By Agreement As A Possible Solution To The Challenges Of The New Era, Yehezkel Margalit

Hezi Margalit

Over the past decades, we witnessed changes in the matrimonial and parenting institutions. Medical innovations have further created ethical-legal dilemmas. It is, therefore, essential to create a theory and framework that will determine ways to deal with the resulting dilemma in a fully developed manner. This paper surveys the current, conflicting shifts in family structure and the definition of legal parenthood. In it, I deal with the importance and various aspects of defining legal parenthood. I will also focus on the singularity of this dilemma as it is increasingly apparent in the various fertility treatments. I present the sociological-legal roots …

La Transparencia En La Protección De Datos Personales, Bruno L. Costantini García

Bruno L. Costantini García

La Transparencia en la Protección de Datos Personales, ponencia elaborada dentro de los trabajos del VII Congreso Nacional de Organismos Públicos Autónomos (OPAM)