Civil Law Commons^™

Land Classifications In The Uae Law: An Original Analytical Study, Zaid M. Agaileh Prof.

UAEU Law Journal

Allah, the Most High, has appointed man in the earth to populate and exploit it and extract from its interior wealth and overwhelming bounties, as the Almighty has subjugated it to be at his service, easy to walk on and build on, and He made it a shelter, a place of work, a source of livelihood and food. Hence, countries seek to enact legislations that regulate the mechanism of land ownership, define its classifications, control its restrictions, and regulate its uses, with the aim of limiting disputes that may arise in this concern. The United Arab Emirates was not immune …

Guarantees Of Payment Of Wages In Enterprise Contracts And Its Contemporary Applications In Accordance With The Enforced Legislation In Palestine, Muayad K. Hattab Phd, Ashraf Muhammad Hussein Dr

UAEU Law Journal

remuneration under the contracting contract, and the mechanisms of enforcing the employer to implement his obligation to pay the remuneration, in light of the Palestinian legislative reality, which is still dependent upon the Mejella (Journal of Judicial Rules), as the Civil Law in force in Palestine. The study attempted to find a solution to the legislative shortcoming represented in the fact that the provisions of the Mejella devoid of a clear and explicit regulation of the provisions of the contracting contract and the responsibilities of the parties to that contract, especially with regard to obligating the employer …

The Influence Of Unidroit Principles On The Evolving Interpretation Of The Contract, Mohammed Sulaiman Al-Ahmad Prof., Dr. Abdullah Fadhel Hamid Dr

UAEU Law Journal

principles, are not mere agreements in which some clauses were inserted by the will of the parties, but rather are real common economic projects between the parties, these contracts are intended to achieve the common contractual interest of the parties by ensuring that their effects remain effective. Because these contracts are in a situation of constant interaction with reality, this requires preserving them from the risk of rescission and invalidity as much as possible, and by various legal means. Perhaps the most important and qualified way to preserve the international commercial contract (the common economic project) is to resort to …

The Commitments To Exercise Care And Achieving A Result Within The Scope Of Smart Contracts: A Comparative Study, Dr. Abdul-Rahman Mohamed Salem

UAEU Law Journal

Smart contracts didn't receive yet the proper attention of legal jurisprudence until the recent time. There is a noticeable delay in addressing its provisions, especially among the studies of Arab Jurisprudence. The legal frameworks of any topic are determined only by its completion. Perhaps the topic of smart contracts hasn't ripened yet in our Arab societies.

It was necessary to conduct research on the aspects of this topic to support the values of development and keep pace with the fourth-generation technology.

It is necessary to define the smart contract that combines the legal aspect, the technical aspect and the style …

The Impact Of The Covid-19 Pandemic On The Tenant's Obligation To Pay The Rent: A Study Under Palestinian And Kuwaiti Laws, Ramz Bassam Abusalama Mss., Ibrahim Khalid Yahya Mr.

UAEU Law Journal

The research sought to clarify the impact of the (Covid- 19) pandemic on the tenant's obligation to pay the rent, as it is an obligation imposed by the general rules in leasing, and it allows the lessor to invoke the termination of the contract in real estate subject to the rule of civil law (general rules), or to vacate the leased property in real estate subject to the Jordanian Landlords and Tenants Law of 1953 in force in the West Bank in Palestine, or the Kuwaiti Tenancy Law of 1978. In order to avoid annulment or vacancy, the research analyzes …

The System Of Civil Liability Standard For Injuries Resulting From Driverless Vehicles: A Comparative Study Under Uae And Comparative Laws, Maamar Bentria Dr., Dr. Muorad Seghir

UAEU Law Journal

The development of vehicle automation systems has reached very high levels, it is expected that this new generation of our vehicles will invade our markets, more than ever before. Even if the goal of this Driverless car is to achieve the highest levels of safety, comfort and sustainability, and to reduce human errors that find their source in human mistakes, the safety of using this vehicle on our roads still raises doubts. This contribution started from the fact that today's driverless vehicles are still in need of a civil liability rules, and compensation system that would effectively address the problem …

Securing Rights To Movable Assets In Light Of Federal Law No. (4) Of 2020, Dr. Nasr Aboul Fotouh Farid Hassan

UAEU Law Journal

In this research, we investigated the guarantee rights of movable properties, in terms of explaining the nature of these rights which are regulated by the UAE legislator “Law No. 4, 2020”, and determining the funds that can be included in such guarantee system. Furthermore, we studied the method that could be implemented to ensure the rights of all included parties. Therefore, we recommended that it is necessary to stipulate the possibility of separating the movable from the real estate without causing damage to either of them, so that the real estate can be fixed by privatization to be a guarantee, …

The Extent To Which A Contract May Be Terminated Based On A Prior Breach Of The Contractual Obligation: A Comparative Study, Mohdkhair Mahmoud Adwan Dr., Naim Ali Otoum Dr

UAEU Law Journal

The Contractual Obligation is proven to be owed by its owner as soon as the contract is concluded or the deadline for its implementation is due, Following this that the contractual violation should be before it not after, and if that kind of violation is the ordinary kind of contractual fault so the happening of contractual violation before the execution is a case been put by rules and Judicial Pronouncements as putting it in certain ordered law firm has its special private rules and obligations that distinguishes it from any similar cases of the expiry of contract.

And for that …

The Arbitrary Dismissal Of The Worker In Light Of The Conflicting Rulings Of The Palestinian Court Of Cassation (Pcc), Ahmad Abu Zeineh Dr.

UAEU Law Journal

Palestinian Court of Cassation (PCC). The focus has been, in particular, on the arbitrary dismissal from wok enshrined in the Palestinian Labor Law No. (7) of 2000. Although the rulings issued by the PCC must be uniform and harmonious, so that they can be followed by the appellate courts, despite the reversal of a principle established in a previous ruling issued by the Court of Cassation requires a general assembly of this Court to convene to decide on that return, but we found contradictions in many of the judgments passed by the Court, in several issues related to the subject …

Nature, Types, And Effects Of Agency Under The English Law: A Comparative Study, Younis Salah Eddin Ali Dr.

UAEU Law Journal

The agency is considered as one of the legal systems contained in the English common law, which is based on the customary rules and judicial precedents of the English courts. And depended, to a limited extent, on the legislations enacted later. This means that it is one of the legal systems which is characterized by its customary and judicial origins. It is worth-mentioning that the nature of the agency in the English law differs according to whether the agent enjoys the required contractual capacity or not. If he or she does so, it can be regarded as an agreement concluded …

Force Majeure In Fidic Contracts: A Comparative Study "Study Of The Fidic International Model 2017 Red Book", Dr. Abdul-Rahman Mohamed Salem

UAEU Law Journal

The implementation of international and internal FIDIC contracts is obstructed by some circumstances, which prevent the implementation of one or some of these contract obligations or may terminate the implementation of the contract permanently for one of its parties. Among those circumstances is the force majeure (exceptional event); Therefore, its concept must be defined in the FIDIC contracts, and the extent of its distance or proximity to its general concept in the rule of general rules. In addition to the need to prove them and verify their availability by notification of their availability in the cases specified by those contracts …

Foreclosure In English Law: A Comparative Analytical Study Of Islamic Jurisprudence And Comparative Law, Dr. Younis Salah Eddin Ali

UAEU Law Journal

يعد غلق الرهن في القانون الانجليزي نوعاً من أنواع المعالجات القانونية الأكثر صرامة أو قسوة، والتي تؤدي إلى انقضاء الحق الإنصافي الذي يتمتع به المدين الراهن في فك الرهن واسترداد المال المرهون، بسبب تخلفه عن الوفاء بالدين الموثق بالرهن. مما يتيح للدائن المرتهن اكتساب ملكية المال المرهون بعد انتقالها إليه. كما يعد غلق الرهن أيضاً نظاماً إنصافياً، فرضته قواعد العدالة والإنصاف، لغرض القضاء على كل مماطلة أو تقاعس من جانب المدين الراهن عن الوفاء بالدين المضمون بالرهن. أما بالنسبة إلى القانون المدني العراقي رقم (40) لسنة 1951، وقانون المعاملات المدنية الإماراتي الاتحادي رقم (5) لسنة 1985، فقد جسدا غلق الرهن …

Good Faith In Contract Drafting Stage: A Study In Light Of French, Emirati, And Moroccan Laws, Dr. Ahmed Ed-Drari

UAEU Law Journal

This study deals with discussing the general duty of good faith as it establishes the criteria for practicing a reasonable manner of freedom within a framework that does not override the legality of what is imposed by the social system.

There is no doubt that the position of the French legislator who codified what was settled by the French judiciary under the civil law of 1804, so that it stipulated the validity of goodwill in all four stages of the contract, starting from its negotiation, conclusion, implementation, and after its end, as it is considered a restriction on behavior that …

The Overlapping Between The Contractual Responsibility And The Tortious Responsibility In The Contemporary Systems, Prof. Tarik Kazem Ajeel

UAEU Law Journal

This research deals with the problem of overlapping between rules of contractual liability and those ones of tortious liability when the breach of contact represents at the same time illegitimate act. This problem had been named in jurisprudence as the permissibility of option between the two responsibilities. We will revisit this problem with novelty through the study of contemporary legal systems point of view from this problem. We will discuss in detail the German, English and French legal laws, comparing them with the Iraqi law to point out the most suitable solutions and the justest ones. May god make our …

The Mechanism For Emergency Conditions In The New French Contract Law, Prof. Adnan Ibrahim Sarhan

UAEU Law Journal

legislator introduced into his civil law a special mechanism to deal with emergency conditions and their impact on contracts, on the occasion of amending the Obligations and Contracts Law by a decree issued in 2016, as it included this mechanism in Article 1195 of its Civil Code. This article stipulated three conditions for the mechanism to work: That unforeseen circumstances arise at the time of the conclusion of the contract, the contractor did not accept a condition in the contract bearing its risks, and that these circumstances lead to the implementation of one of the parties of his obligations becoming …

The Notion Of Causation Under The New French Contract Law From The Traditional Function To A Tool For Controlling Contractual Balance, Dr. Dellal Yazid, Taboukouyout Youcef

UAEU Law Journal

This paper analyses the recent reform of Contract Law in France under the Order n°2016-131 of February 10, 2016, modifying the French Civil Code provisions on Contract Law and the general regime and proof of obligations. The ‘causation’ was consecrated as a condition of contracts validity in the Napoleonic Code of 1804, it remained effective for two centuries despite its juristic controversy. The controversial notion of ‘causation’ has been removed from the Code which introduced ‘the contractual content’ as an essential condition in contracts. This study concludes that the abandonment of 'causation' in the recent reform of Contract Law in …

Conflict Of Laws In Civil Liability Arising From Defective Products: A Comparative Analytical Study, Dr. Abdullah Fadhel Hamid, Rozhan Omar Khalid

UAEU Law Journal

The world in the modern era is witnessing a huge upsurge in the production of goods and services on both the quantitative and qualitative levels, regarding the qualitive of the products, they have developed in two directions: in the first direction, it was able to meet the various human needs and led to the progress of human civilization in the way that humanity lives today, where abundance in the means of luxury living, in the second direction, the products have evolved in a manner that has become a threat to human life and his property. Therefore, products defects led to …

In-Kind Execution Of Contractual Obligations: Rule And Exceptions Under The Unidroit Principles And The French Civil Code, Dr. Yousef Mohammed Shandi

UAEU Law Journal

This research deals with the principle of in kind execution of contractual obligations and the exceptions thereto under the 2016 UNIDROIT Principles and the provisions of the French Civil Code created by decree of 10 February 2016, which amends the Law on Contracts and General Provisions and Proof of Obligations. Both the UNIDROIT Principles and the French civil law establish the principle of in kind execution; it applies to all types of contractual obligations. Nevertheless, the UNIDROIT Principles state five exceptions to this principle, namely: when performance is impossible in law or in fact; when performance is unreasonably burdensome or …

Judicial Applications Of The Rule “Lesson In Contracts Is For The Purposes And Meanings Not For The Words And Premises" In The Egyptian Civil Law And The Perspective Of The Uae Civil Transactions Law, Dr. Tahani Hamed Abu Taleb

UAEU Law Journal

In this research, I tried to verify how the Egyptian Civil Law deals with the rule “Lesson in Contracts is for the Purposes and Meanings not for the Words and Says" which explains the contradiction between wordings of the contract and the real intent of the contracting parties, because it affects the parties’ obligations. For that purpose, understanding the rule from its origin (The science of the general rules of the jurisprudence) understanding its applications and verifying how other legislations deals with it is a must.

Although the Egyptian civil law has not mentioned this case, I tried to find …

The Roles Of The Creditor And Debtor In The Settlement Process Of The Debtor's Financial Obligations Under The Debtor's Insolvency Law No. 19 Of 2019, Pierre Mallet

UAEU Law Journal

The UAE Cabinet approved a federal law to regulate cases of insolvency of natural persons or individuals. In 2016, the UAE government had adopted a similar insolvency law for companies which was widely welcomed by businesses and financial institutions. The legal framework for insolvency for both companies and individuals are expected to improve the competitiveness and the ease of doing business of the UAE. Debt restructuring for individuals under legal protection is widely seen as a great step forward in helping those who are unable to pay their debts from going bankrupt. “The approval of a new federal law to …

The Legal System Of Apostleship: A Comparative Study In Regulating The Relationship Between Sender Of The Expression Of The Will And The Courier, Adil Mohammed Ali

UAEU Law Journal

The apostleship is a legal action between the sender of the expression of will and the courier, and includes a delegation from the sender to the courier. And it is a contract by which the sender puts the courier in himself place in order to communicate his will to the addressee.

In general, the problem of the study represents in the almost complete disregard of civil laws in general to regulate the subject of the apostleship, since the latter is a legal framework for the relationship between the sender of an expression of will and a courier to communicate that …

The Concept Of “Return” In Contracts

UAEU Law Journal

In the common law ofEnglandandUnited States, agreement is enforceable if it is shown that it is made for valuable “return”: that is a profit provided by a party seeking enforcement of the agreement. Thus, the presence of a profit is a precondition for the validity of all contracts unless they are under seal. Profits can be looked at as a price paid by the other party. It takes the form of some rights, profits or benefits accruing to the one party or some detriment or loss suffered by the other.

In Civil law system, a lawful cause is a precondition …

Loopholes In Information Technology Contracts, Tark Kazim Ageel

UAEU Law Journal

This research deals with the loopholes that may be found in Information Technology (IT) contracts and attempts to answer the following research question: are the generalrules governing traditionalIT contracts sufficient to dealwith them, or is there a need for another set of rules which are more compatible with such contracts and are better able to dealwith the loopholes that may arise (both moraland logical) in said contracts?

Compensation For Moral Damage - A Comparative Study, Mohannad Azmi Abou-Moghli

UAEU Law Journal

The amount of material damage or loss incurred can be evaluated. No disputes are expected to arise in such cases. However, moral damage such as pain, sadness, infamy, and dishonor do not constitute material loss; therefore, no compensation may clearly be calculated; in other words, there is difficulty in evaluating moral damage and its indemnity. This paper undertakes such a task in order to regulate compensation of moral damage

The Purchaser's Securities In An Electronic Sale Contract - Part I, Osama Ahmed Bader

UAEU Law Journal

This article analyses the legal provisions that aim to posit the legal regulations necessary for the protection of the purchaser (consumer) via analyzing the French legal provisions and stipulations that address the purchaser as a consumer and via the judicial applications in this regard.

The Purchaser's Securities In An Electronic Sale Contract -Part 2, Osama Ahmed Bader

UAEU Law Journal

This part of the research study deals with the legal controls required for the fulfillment of the vendor's obligations; these include securing delivery, soundness of goods, and guarantees in case of defects.

The Consumer's Right Of Withdrawal In Doorstep Selling And Distance Contracts, Aymen Masadeh, Alaa Khasawneh

UAEU Law Journal

This study deals with the right of withdrawal, which is one of the legal means to protect consumers in contracts. Due to the rapid developments of marketing techniques used by traders to promote the sales of their products, it has become important for legislators to intervene to protect consumers. Due to such marketing techniques, consumers may not have time to make sure they need the offered products in doorstep selling contracts. The same situation may apply in distance selling contracts where consumers usually do not have the chance to actually see the offered products and may find out late they …

Rules Of Sale With Right Of Redemption In Lebanese Contract Law And The Possibility Of Its Application In Jordanian Civil Law•, Yousef Mohammad Obiedat

UAEU Law Journal

This study aims at examining the contract of Sale with Right of Redemption in Lebanese Contract Law, and the possibility of its application in Jordanian Civil Law. The Sale with Right of Redemption is defined as a sale with a condition that when the seller refunds the price of the purchase during a fixed time, the purchaser should return to him/her that which was sold. This study started exploring such kind of sale under the Lebanese Contract Law, and then examined whether there are legal or economic justifications to adopt it in Jordanian law. To that intent, the study was …

A Comparative Legal Study Within A Civil Law Framework, Saleh Ahmed Al-Luhaibi

UAEU Law Journal

The Exit Contract is considered as one of the fields that did not receive sufficient legal research within the scope of civil law. Most legal studies have focused on civil status. Therefore, the researcher chose this aspect and treated it in terms of civil law as it is a well-known fact that the Exit Contract is the first contract carrier of property. That is why it must be studied in this regard with a focus on the contract in terms of its foundations and the conditions of its most important provisions that differentiate it from the rest of the contract …

Writing In The Electronic Era Within The Frame Of Jordanian Law, Nael Ali Masadeh Dr.

UAEU Law Journal

Writing is one of man’s ways of expression. Writing embraces ideas and thoughts able to be realized. Thus writing is used in contracts to express will of parties. In addition, writing is one of most important means of evidence. Besides, writing is required for some contracts to be contracted. Electronic writing is the one done on a computer. Both electronic and normal writing are similar to express thoughts and ideas and will. The law is equal regarding both normal and electronic writing. However, the condition of writing is achieved if it is performed electronically when it was required for contracting …