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Articles 1 - 16 of 16
Full-Text Articles in Law
Disabling Complexity: The Americans With Disabilities Act Of 1990 And Its Interaction With Other Federal Laws, Tory L. Lucas
Disabling Complexity: The Americans With Disabilities Act Of 1990 And Its Interaction With Other Federal Laws, Tory L. Lucas
Faculty Publications and Presentations
Given the daunting breadth, depth, and sheer volume of federal legislation impacting the labor and employment arena, the task of understanding how all of the federal legislation - not to mention state and local legislation and all corresponding regulations and caselaw - interrelates may be an impossible task even for legal experts. One vital area of federal employment legislation involves protecting the rights of individuals with disabilities. The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (“ADA”) seeks “to provide a clear and comprehensive national mandate for the elimination of discrimination against individuals with disabilities.” To fulfill the ADA's vision to protect …
Defining A Retaliatory Adverse Action From Wideman To Shotz: The Legitimacy Of The Eleventh Circuit's Retaliation Case Law, Jonathan M. Gallant
Defining A Retaliatory Adverse Action From Wideman To Shotz: The Legitimacy Of The Eleventh Circuit's Retaliation Case Law, Jonathan M. Gallant
Georgia State University Law Review
No abstract provided.
Title Vii And Flexible Work Arrangements To Accommodate Religious Practice & Belief
Title Vii And Flexible Work Arrangements To Accommodate Religious Practice & Belief
Charts and Summaries of State, U.S., and Foreign Laws and Regulations
This timeline tracks the development of the religious accommodation requirement of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The timeline covers the development of statutory text, relevant EEOC regulations, and Supreme Court precedent.
Organizational Misconduct: Beyond The Principal-Agent Model, Kimberly D. Krawiec
Organizational Misconduct: Beyond The Principal-Agent Model, Kimberly D. Krawiec
ExpressO
This article demonstrates that, at least since the adoption of the Organizational Sentencing Guidelines in 1991, the United States legal regime has been moving away from a system of strict vicarious liability toward a system of duty-based organizational liability. Under this system, organizational liability for agent misconduct is dependant on whether or not the organization has exercised due care to avoid the harm in question, rather than under traditional agency principles of respondeat superior. Courts and agencies typically evaluate the level of care exercised by the organization by inquiring whether the organization had in place internal compliance structures ostensibly designed …
Recapturing Summary Adjudication Principles In Disparate Treatment Cases, Henry L. Chambers, Jr.
Recapturing Summary Adjudication Principles In Disparate Treatment Cases, Henry L. Chambers, Jr.
Law Faculty Publications
In the last decade, just as Title VII jury trials have become common, the Supreme Court has given judges more latitude to dispose of both weak and fairly strong disparate treatment cases through summary adjudication, even when Title VII liability is plausible pursuant to the McDonnell Douglas test. 11 This article explains how the Court's disparate treatment jurisprudence results in the abandonment of the summary adjudication principle that weak but winnable cases should be tried before a jury and suggests that the Court correct its mistake. Part I of this article discusses the Supreme Court's summary adjudication doctrine. Part II …
Walking The Walk Of Plain Text: The Supreme Court’S Markedly More Solicitous Treatment Of Title Vii Following The Civil Rights Act Of 1991, Harold S. Lewis Jr.
Walking The Walk Of Plain Text: The Supreme Court’S Markedly More Solicitous Treatment Of Title Vii Following The Civil Rights Act Of 1991, Harold S. Lewis Jr.
Saint Louis University Law Journal
No abstract provided.
Superimposing Title Vii's Adverse Action Requirement On First Amendment Retaliation Claims: A Chilling Prospect For Government Employee Speech, Rosalie Berger Levinson
Superimposing Title Vii's Adverse Action Requirement On First Amendment Retaliation Claims: A Chilling Prospect For Government Employee Speech, Rosalie Berger Levinson
Law Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
The Politics Of Infertility: Recognizing Coverage Exclusions As Discrimination, Elizabeth Pendo
The Politics Of Infertility: Recognizing Coverage Exclusions As Discrimination, Elizabeth Pendo
All Faculty Scholarship
Infertility affects approximately ten percent of the reproductive-age population in the United States, and strikes people of every race, ethnicity and socio-economic level. It is recognized by the medical community as a disease, one with devastating physical, psychological, and financial effects.
In 1998, the Supreme Court held in Bragdon v. Abbott that reproduction is a major life activity within the meaning of the ADA. Many lawyers, activists and scholars thought that coverage for infertility treatment would follow soon after. In fact, in 2003 in the first major case applying Bragdon to health benefits, Saks v. Franklin Covey, the Second Circuit …
By Any Other Name?: On Being “Regarded As” Black, And Why Title Vii Should Apply Even If Lakisha And Jamal Are White, Angela Onwuachi-Willig, Mario Barnes
By Any Other Name?: On Being “Regarded As” Black, And Why Title Vii Should Apply Even If Lakisha And Jamal Are White, Angela Onwuachi-Willig, Mario Barnes
Faculty Scholarship
Forty years after the passage of Title VII, scholars Marianne Bertrand and Sendhil Mullainathan reported the results of their groundbreaking study, Are Emily and Greg More Employable Than Lakisha and Jamal? A Field Experiment on Labor Market Discrimination. Their study revealed that simply having an African American-sounding name significantly decreased one's opportunity to receive a job interview, regardless of occupation or industry. The results of Bertrand and Mullainathan's investigation raise critical questions about the effectiveness of Title VII as a remedy for race discrimination in the hiring market today, especially as employment discrimination has evolved into different forms. As shown …
Fighting To Keep Employment Discrimination Class Actions Alive: How Allison V. Citgo's Predomination Requirement Threatens To Undermine Title Vii Enforcement, Suzette M. Malveaux
Fighting To Keep Employment Discrimination Class Actions Alive: How Allison V. Citgo's Predomination Requirement Threatens To Undermine Title Vii Enforcement, Suzette M. Malveaux
Publications
The Civil Rights Act of 1991, which provides compensatory and punitive damages and attendant jury trials in cases alleging intentional discrimination, was designed to enhance enforcement and expand remedies. Its enactment, however, has triggered a schism among the circuit courts over what the proper standard is for determining whether monetary damages or injunctive relief predominates, a necessary inquiry for determining whether plaintiffs are entitled to class certification for Title VII claims under Rule 23(b)(2) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. Led by the Fifth Circuit, some federal appeals courts contend that monetary relief predominates unless it is “incidental,” and …
Discrimination In Our Midst: Law School's Potential Liability For Employment Practices, Ann C. Mcginley
Discrimination In Our Midst: Law School's Potential Liability For Employment Practices, Ann C. Mcginley
Scholarly Works
Studies and articles examining tenured, tenure-track and contract faculty in law schools have exposed the inequalities that women face when compared with their male counterparts. This article asks the legal academic community to consider these conditions in light of established Title VII doctrine which forbids discrimination because of sex. This article offers a hypothetical about the fictitious National Law School, whose labor relationships mimic those of many real law schools in a number of ways. Based on the facts in this hypothetical, the article explores different possible causes of action, either systemic or individual, that employees could reasonably win against …
Lack Of Meaningful Choice Defined: Your Job Vs. Your Right To Sue In A Judicial Forum, Sara Lingafelter
Lack Of Meaningful Choice Defined: Your Job Vs. Your Right To Sue In A Judicial Forum, Sara Lingafelter
Seattle University Law Review
Mandatory arbitration agreements subvert an employee's constitutional right to a judicial forum and generally place unfair burdens on plaintiffs. An employee faced with the option of either signing a mandatory arbitration agreement or losing a job often has no meaningful choice. The Supreme Court, however, has failed to recognize first that Congress did not intend for mandatory arbitration to extend to Title VII claims and second, that employers often leave employees with no meaningful choice regarding mandatory arbitration. Nonetheless, state and federal judges are increasingly recognizing that arbitration agreements may be the product of procedural unconscionability. Accordingly, when employees are …
Preclusion In Class Action Litigation, Tobias Barrington Wolff
Preclusion In Class Action Litigation, Tobias Barrington Wolff
All Faculty Scholarship
"Despite the intense focus that courts and commentators have trained upon class litigation for the last twenty-five years, a central feature of the class-action lawsuit has received no sustained attention: the preclusive effect that a judgment in a class action should have upon the other, non-class claims of absentees. The omission is a serious one. If claim and issue preclusion were to operate in their normal mode when a claim is certified for class treatment, absentees would sometimes face a serious threat of having their high-value individual claims compromised. Such a threat, in turn, can create ex ante conflicts of …
Reeves V. Sanderson Plumbing Products: The Emperor Has No Clothes - Pretext Plus Is Alive And Kicking., Matthew R. Scott, Russell D. Chapman
Reeves V. Sanderson Plumbing Products: The Emperor Has No Clothes - Pretext Plus Is Alive And Kicking., Matthew R. Scott, Russell D. Chapman
St. Mary's Law Journal
Before the Supreme Court’s decision in Reeves v. Sanderson Plumbing Products, Inc., the Fifth Circuit’s en banc decision in Rhodes v. Guiberson Oil Tools established the proper standard of causation in employment discrimination cases. The plaintiff must prove his or her protected trait was the “determinative reason” for the challenged employment action. Following Reeves, which appeared to overrule Rhodes and the doctrine of pretext plus, the Fifth Circuit struggled with the causation question. Despite the apparent confusion, the Fifth Circuit has largely reaffirmed not only its commitment to the Rhodes pretext-plus analysis, but also the determinative-reason standard for pretext cases. …
Coverage Of Reproductive Technologies Under Employer-Sponsored Health Care Plans, Elizabeth Pendo
Coverage Of Reproductive Technologies Under Employer-Sponsored Health Care Plans, Elizabeth Pendo
All Faculty Scholarship
Proceedings of the 2004 Annual Meeting, Association of American Law Schools, Sections on Employee Benefits and Employment Discrimination. Panel includes: Professor Colleen E. Medill; Professor Helen Norton; Eve Gartner, Esq.; and Professor Elizabeth Pendo.
Recapturing The Transformative Potential Of Employment Discrimination Law, Michelle A. Travis
Recapturing The Transformative Potential Of Employment Discrimination Law, Michelle A. Travis
Michelle A. Travis
Although antidiscrimination law has helped address explicit prejudice in the workplace, significant disparities remain, particularly for workers with disabilities and women with caregiving responsibilities. Much of this inequality results from subtler causes, including the ways that employers organize the when, where, and how of work performance. This Article analyzes the role that employment discrimination law could play in transforming the traditional organization of work. In particular, this Article challenges the full-time face-time norm, around which most top-level jobs are designed. This norm refers to the bundle of default preferences that employers have for full-time positions, unlimited hours or rigid work …