Law Commons^™

Nafta Title Vi Customs Modernization Act: An Importer’S Obligation To Use “Reasonable Care” Vs. Its Desire To Maximize Profits, Rosi Lehr

Rosi Lehr

No abstract provided.

Notification Of Data Security Breaches, Paul M. Schwartz, Edward J. Janger

Paul M. Schwartz

The law increasingly requires private companies to disclose information for the benefit of consumers. The latest examples of such regulation are state and federal laws that require companies to notify individuals of data security incidents involving their personal information. These laws, proposed in the wake of highly publicized data spills, seek to punish the breached entity and to protect consumers by requiring the entity to notify its customers about the security breach. There are competing approaches, however, to how the law is to mandate release of information about data leaks. This article finds that the current statutes' focus on reputational …

Privacy Inalienability And The Regulation Of Spyware, Paul M. Schwartz

Paul M. Schwartz

No abstract provided.

Risk, Uncertainty And Precaution: Lessons From The History Of Us Environmental Law, Robert V. Percival

Robert Percival

Globalization and expanding world trade are creating new pressures to harmonize environmental standards. Countries increasingly are borrowing legal and regulatory policy innovations from one another, moving toward greater harmonization of regulatory policies. Regulatory policy generally seeks to prevent harm before it occurs, but the reality is that it usually has been more reactive than precautionary, responding only after harm has become manifest. As regulators seek to improve their responses to new and emerging environmental risks, it is useful to consider what lessons can be learned from past experience with regulatory policy. This chapter reviews controversies over regulatory policy through the …

Become A Rulemaking Ninja: Exploring The Oira Web Portal, Robert R.M. Verchick

Robert R.M. Verchick

No abstract provided.

First They Came For The Teachers: Competency Testing And The Decertification Of Texas Teachers Issued Certificates Valid For Life, Beverly Mcqueary Smith

Beverly McQueary Smith

No abstract provided.

Where Babies And Death-Row Inmates Intersect: Is Arbitrary Agency Decision-Making Supported Under Existing Law?, Lisa C. Blanton Bs., Mj.

Lisa C. Blanton BS., MJ.

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is the executive branch regulatory agency primarily responsible for protecting the nation’s drug products.^[1] The FDA recently made highly inconsistent decisions surrounding a new drug for the prevention of pre-term birth, Makena™ (hydroxyprogesterone caproate). During a lengthy approval process, FDA made laudatory public announcements and demonstrated high programmatic preference to expedite approval of Makena by assigning orphan status^[2] and granting accelerated “fast-track” approval time-frames.^[3] Despite these actions, within weeks of the approval, the FDA issued aggressive public statements against the product’s efficacy and safety and made supportive comments about a non-FDA …

Foreword To The Conference: The Law: Business Or Profession? The Continuing Relevance Of Julius Henry Cohen For The Practice Of Law In The Twenty-First Century, Samuel J. Levine

Samuel J. Levine

No abstract provided.

Internet Nondiscrimination Principles: Commercial Ethics For Carriers And Search Engines, Frank Pasquale

Frank A. Pasquale

Unaccountable power at any layer of online life can stifle innovation elsewhere. Dominant search engines rightly worry that carriers will use their control of the physical layer of internet infrastructure to pick winners among content and application providers. Though they advocate net neutrality, they have been much less quick to recognize the threat to openness and fair play their own practices may pose. Just as dominant search engines fear an unfairly tiered online world, they should be required to provide access to their archives and indices in a nondiscriminatory manner. If dominant search engines want carriers to disclose their traffic …

Health Claim Regulation Of Probiotics In The Usa And The Eu: Is There A Middle Way?, Diane Hoffmann

Diane Hoffmann

In both the USA and Europe, supermarkets and pharmacies are brimming with probiotics—products containing live micro-organisms claiming they improve health. The availability of these products corresponds to a growing consumer demand for foods that improve or maintain health and wellness. The most persuasive include claims that consumption may confer health benefits. While some of these claims may have merit, others have not been substantiated. For a number of products, claims are based on insufficient research, underpowered studies, or mixed research results, yet individual consumers find that the product is of benefit to them. In attempting to regulate health claims, as …

Regulating For The Public Health: Perchlorate Regulation Under The Safe Drinking Water Act Exceeds Statutory Authority, Mary Jones

Mary Jones

This paper recommends rethinking the statutory framework of the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) to provide a more robust rubric, to include a scientific and objective focus, for proper regulation. The SDWA is evaluated through the lens of upcoming perchlorate regulation due in February 2013.

The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulates acceptable contaminant levels and decontamination processes for all public water systems, pursuant to statutory authority granted by the SDWA. Where the policy at work is admirable, the execution falls short.

Perchlorate occurs naturally, but also as a by-product to rocket fuel, firework, and other explosive constructions. Scientific …

Nuevo Sistema De Amparo, Alejandro Faya Rodriguez

Alejandro Faya Rodriguez

No abstract provided.

A Negative Externality By Any Other Name: Using Emissions Caps As Models For Constraining Dead-Weight Costs Of Regulation, Scott A. Shepard

Scott A. Shepard

Emissions caps work on a simple and compelling premise. Regulated entities, in the process of creating something desirable, like energy, create and expel some problematic by-product, such as carbon. They do this because they particularly reap a significant set of benefits (e.g., profits, market share, job security) from their efforts, while only diffusely and incidentally, along with the rest of society, suffering the harms caused by their emissions. These emissions, paid for primarily by the rest of society, are called negative externalities. Emissions-cap regimes are designed to make regulated entities more directly accountable for the costs of their emissions and …

Fairer Fishing? The Impact On Developing Countries Of The European Community Regulation On Illegal, Unreported And Unregulated Fisheries, Ben Tsamenyi, Kwame Mfodwo, Ben Milligan, Mary Ann Palma

Professor Ben M Tsamenyi

This Economic Paper considers the likely effects on African, Caribbean and Pacific countries of the European Union's Directive on Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) Fishing, planned to be implemented form 2010.

Impending Ec Regulation On Iuu Fishing Looms Large Over Industry, Jo-Anne Mccrea, Quentin Hanich, Ben Tsamenyi

Professor Ben M Tsamenyi

It is suggested that a new regulation scheduled to be implemented by the European Union at the beginning of 2010 in an effort to combat illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing is likely to have a profound impact on fishing and processing operations worldwide. The IUU Regulation regulates seafood imports to all EU member states and imposes specific requirements on any fishing or processing activity that intends to export into an EU member state. The broad application of the regulation, the power of member states in the implementation of the regulation, and the consequences of non-compliance, are discussed.

Report On 'Equivalency' Under The Iuu Regulation 1005/2008, Jo-Anne Mccrea, Quentin Hanich, Martin Tsamenyi

Professor Ben M Tsamenyi

This report has been prepared for the Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry (DAFF) to assist in the preparation of a submission to the European Commission regarding the application of its IUU Regulation 1005/2008 to Australia. The draft report provides information to support the Australian position that the current systems are equivalent, in terms of their ability to manage IUU fishing, to those applied under the IUU Regulation.

Discussion Paper: Australia's Ability To Meet The Requirements Of European Commission Regulation No. 1005/2008 'Establishing A Community System To Prevent, Deter And Eliminate Illegal, Unreported And Unregulated Fishing, Jo-Anne Mccrea, Quentin Hanich, Martin Tsamenyi

Professor Ben M Tsamenyi

On 29 September 2008, the European Commission (EC) passed Regulation 1005/2008 ‘establishing a Community system to prevent, deter and eliminate illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing’ (the EC IUU Regulation). The Regulation will come into force on 1 January 2010. The Regulation has the following major implications for the Australian seafood export industry: a. All consignments of wild caught fish and fish product (with exceptions) will be prohibited from being imported into European Union Member States, unless a catch certificate accompanies them. The catch certificate must contains the harvest details of the fish (e.g. vessel and master’s name and number, fishing …

Development Impact Of The Council Regulation Establishing A European Community System To Prevent, Deter And Eliminate Illegal, Unreported And Unregulated Fishing On Commonwealth Acp Member Countries, Ben Tsamenyi, Mary Ann Palma, Ben Milligan, Kwame Mfodwo

Professor Ben M Tsamenyi

No abstract provided.

The European Council Regulation On Illegal, Unreported And Unregulated Fishing: An International Fisheries Law Perspective, Martin Tsamenyi, Mary Ann Palma, Ben Milligan, Kwame Mfodwo

Professor Ben M Tsamenyi

On 29 September 2008, the Council of the European Union (EU) adopted Council Regulation (EC) No. 1005/2008 establishing a Community system to prevent, deter and eliminate illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fi shing. Essentially, the EU IUU Regulation establishes a framework in which access to EU markets for fi sheries products is partly conditioned by the extent to which a country, area or region of origin is demonstrably or increasingly free of IUU fi shing. Aside from the amendments to US legislation in 2007, the EU IUU Regulation is the only other domestic legislative measure adopted solely to combat IUU …

Australia And The Convention For The Regulation Of Antarctic Mineral Resource Activities (Cramra), Sam Blay, Ben M. Tsamenyi

Professor Ben M Tsamenyi

Australia, a leading Antarctic state that played a key role in negotiating the Convention for the Regulation of Antarctic Mineral Resource Activities, in May 1989 announced its opposition to the Convention and adoption instead of a World Park or Wilderness Reserve concept for Antarctica. This article examines possible environmental and economic reasons for Australia's attitude, which is likely to have significant implications for the future of the Convention and for the Antarctic Treaty System as a whole. -Authors

The Implications Of The Wcpfc For Australia's Maritime Regulation And Enforcement, Ben Tsamenyi, Lara Manarangi-Trott

Professor Ben M Tsamenyi

No abstract provided.

Reguladores Y Autonomía, Alejandro Faya Rodriguez

Alejandro Faya Rodriguez

No abstract provided.

“Smut And Nothing But”: The Fcc, Indecency, And Regulatory Transformations In The Shadows, Lili Levi

Lili Levi

For almost a century, American broadcasting has received a lesser degree of constitutional protection than the print medium. Although many of the FCC’s regulations in “the public interest” have been upheld against First Amendment challenge on the ground that broadcasting is exceptional, the traditional reasons given for such exceptionalism – scarcity and pervasiveness – have become increasingly careworn. Fighting that consensus, the FCC has aggressively pursued the regulation of indecency on radio and television since 2003. When the FCC’s enhanced indecency prohibitions swept up U2 front-man Bono’s fleeting expletive on a music awards show, broadcasters finally thought they had found …

The Jurisdiction Of The D.C. Circuit, Eric M. Fraser, David K. Kessler, Matthew Lawrence, Stephen A. Calhoun

Matthew B. Lawrence

Artículo 129 Fracción Xiii, Alejandro Faya Rodriguez

Alejandro Faya Rodriguez

No abstract provided.

Effectuating Change In The Regulation Of Hiv Vaccines, Scott M. Engstrom

Scott M Engstrom

HIV has been at the forefront in politics, medicine, and law since its discovery in 1981. Over thirty years have passed since the virus began a wave of fear made worse by a sensationalist media. Though much of the uproar has dulled, the lasting effects on the American Psyche have remained as the AIDS death toll has risen. Although the medical community has made significant progress in managing the infection through complex drug cocktails, prevention remains the most effective tool in the fight against AIDS. However, the old aphorism “an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure” has …

Global-Regulation: Drawing Future Regulatory Tools From The Experience Of The Past, Aleksandar Nikolic, Nachshon Goltz

Aleksandar Nikolic

Traditionally, theories on regulation have suggested choosing the “right” regulatory tool for a given situation of desired behavioral steering, using a broad theoretical approach of understanding the factors involved in the regulatory realm, and speculating from it toward the efficient choice. By contrast, this paper argues that creating a searchable database of regulatory case studies is better suited to help regulators find information. By searching for case studies based on the specific characteristics of the regulator's situation the regulator will be led towards finding the best regulatory solution.

Les Agences De Notation Financière Contre Les Etats : Une Lutte Globale Pour Le Droit À L’Issue Incertaine, Gregory Lewkowicz

Gregory Lewkowicz

Cet article propose d’examiner la montée en puissance des agences de notation financière et les réactions tout azimut des Etats pour diminuer leur rôle et leur pouvoir normatif comme un exemple paradigmatique de la formation d’une norme de droit global. Il analyse, premièrement, comment les agences de notation financière sont devenues les gardiennes d’un standard de l’allocation mondiale du crédit en même temps que d’un étalon de la bonne gouvernance publique et privée. Il étudie, deuxièmement, la contre-offensive des Etats du cœur de l’économie mondiale à l’égard des agences de notation dans le contexte des crises financières et budgétaires qui …

Obesity Prevention Policies At The Local Level: Tobacco's Lessons, Paul A. Diller

Paul Diller

No abstract provided.

Legal And Regulatory Responses To Innovative Treatment, Tracey E. Chan

Tracey E Chan

Developments in medical technology, health care delivery and commercial interests in medicine have increased both the potential for conflicts of interest on the part of physicians, and doubts over the sufficiency of patient autonomy as a justification for administering innovative therapy. The legal and regulatory treatment of innovative therapy therefore becomes an important question, on which there is a current lack of consensus on a number of issues. This paper discusses recent developments in Singapore and uses them as a springboard to flesh out basic regulatory issues that arise from the deployment of innovative treatment, namely how we should distinguish …