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Full-Text Articles in Law
Targeting A Satellite: Contrasting Considerations Between The Jus Ad Bellum And The Jus In Bello, Hitoshi Nasu
Targeting A Satellite: Contrasting Considerations Between The Jus Ad Bellum And The Jus In Bello, Hitoshi Nasu
International Law Studies
With the development and greater availability of counter-space capabilities, satellites are becoming a prime target of military threats. However, the legal assessment for the targeting of a satellite requires careful analysis because of its impacts on terrestrial activities and the potential to affect the rights and interests of third parties when their payloads are carried by the targeted satellite. With these two unique characteristics in mind, this article unravels the complexity of international legal regimes applicable to military operations conducted against a satellite by contrasting threshold legal considerations necessary for the identification and application of relevant legal requirements under the …
Armed Conflicts In Outer Space: Which Law Applies?, Frans G. Von Der Dunk
Armed Conflicts In Outer Space: Which Law Applies?, Frans G. Von Der Dunk
International Law Studies
So far, outer space has merely become involved in terrestrial armed conflicts as part of the supportive infrastructure for military activities. Unfortunately, the risk that this changes is considerably growing, and it can no longer be excluded that (armed) force will become used in outer space, either directed towards Earth or within outer space itself.
This raises serious issues in the legal context, where space law so far has been premised on the hope that armed conflicts in outer space could be avoided whereas the law of armed conflict was not required so far to deal with the use of …
The International Legal Implications Of Military Space Operations: Examining The Interplay Between International Humanitarian Law And The Outer Space Legal Regime, Dale Stephens
International Law Studies
In the contemporary period, many military forces rely heavily on space-based assets to conduct operations across a wide spectrum of contexts. Such reliance necessarily exposes a correlative vulnerability that such assets may be degraded or destroyed, especially in a time of armed conflict. However, the legal framework that governs military action in space during a time of armed conflict is not well explored. This article examines the interaction between International Humanitarian Law (IHL) and the Outer Space legal regime. Harmonization of legal regimes is a goal of any reconciliation project, although such harmonization may not always be readily possible. In …
Silent War: Applicability Of The Jus In Bello To Military Space Operations, Kubo Mačák
Silent War: Applicability Of The Jus In Bello To Military Space Operations, Kubo Mačák
International Law Studies
There are no molecules of air that could carry sound waves in the vacuum of outer space. Accordingly, space warfare may well become the first type of war whose signature sound would be—silence. But does the law of armed conflict (jus in bello) fall silent in times of Silent War? This article addresses the uncertainty at the heart of this issue. First, it delineates the relevant conceptual framework by examining the factual notion of “military space operations,” and its relationship with the legal concept of “armed conflict,” as well as the overlap between the potentially applicable bodies of …
Neutrality And Outer Space, Wolff Heintschel Von Heinegg
Neutrality And Outer Space, Wolff Heintschel Von Heinegg
International Law Studies
This article discusses the law of neutrality as it pertains to belligerent operations in and through outer space as well as belligerent outer space operations involving the territory and national airspace of neutral States. As far as the latter is concerned, the traditional law of neutrality is fully applicable. Accordingly, international law prohibits belligerents from launching space objects from neutral territory or through neutral national airspace. While neutral States may not provide belligerents with outer space assets or the use of communications infrastructure located in their territories, they are not obliged to prevent their nationals from providing any of the …
Space Weapons And The Law, Bill Boothby
Space Weapons And The Law, Bill Boothby
International Law Studies
Outer space is of vital importance for numerous civilian and military functions in the modern world. The idea of a space weapon involves something used, intended or designed for employment in, to or from outer space to cause injury or damage to the enemy during an armed conflict. Non-injurious, non-damaging space activities that adversely affect enemy military operations or capacity, though not involving the use of weapons, will nevertheless be methods of warfare. Article III of the Outer Space Treaty makes it clear that international law, including weapons law, applies in outer space. Accordingly, the superfluous injury/unnecessary suffering and indiscriminate …
Appendix: Commander's Handbook On The Law Of Naval Operations
Appendix: Commander's Handbook On The Law Of Naval Operations
International Law Studies
No abstract provided.
Soviet·American Arms Negotiations-1960-68: A Prelude For Salt, Eric W. Hayden
Soviet·American Arms Negotiations-1960-68: A Prelude For Salt, Eric W. Hayden
International Law Studies
No abstract provided.
Chapter Vii: Conclusions, Carl Q. Christol
Chapter Vii: Conclusions, Carl Q. Christol
International Law Studies
No abstract provided.
Chapter Iii: The Development Of The Law Of Outer Space, Carl Q. Christol
Chapter Iii: The Development Of The Law Of Outer Space, Carl Q. Christol
International Law Studies
No abstract provided.
Introduction, Carl Q. Christol
Table Of Contents, Carl Q. Christol
Chapter V: The Right To The Maintenance Of International Peace, Security, And Self-Defense In Outer Space, Carl Q. Christol
Chapter V: The Right To The Maintenance Of International Peace, Security, And Self-Defense In Outer Space, Carl Q. Christol
International Law Studies
No abstract provided.
Chapter Iv: Reasonable Uses Of Outer Space, Carl Q. Christol
Chapter Iv: Reasonable Uses Of Outer Space, Carl Q. Christol
International Law Studies
No abstract provided.
Chapter Vi: Legal Problems Arising From The Reasonable Uses Of Outer Space, Carl Q. Christol
Chapter Vi: Legal Problems Arising From The Reasonable Uses Of Outer Space, Carl Q. Christol
International Law Studies
No abstract provided.
Appendix A: List Of Annexes, Carl Q. Christol
Appendix A: List Of Annexes, Carl Q. Christol
International Law Studies
No abstract provided.