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Articles 1 - 30 of 196
Full-Text Articles in Law
The Positive Criteria Of Legal Norms, Claudio Bozzi Dr
The Positive Criteria Of Legal Norms, Claudio Bozzi Dr
Claudio Bozzi Dr
With the publication of Faktizitat und Geltung Jurgen Habermas sought to extend his normative critical arguments to jurisprudence. In this work he argues that the law can mediate and coordinate valid social integration in complex modern societies because it is capable of receiving normative inputs from the public sphere, which are then translated into the administrative system. Throughout his extensive writings, Habermas has referred to a principle of the universalisation of the valid norm. Its role in pluralist societies is therefore not to offer a substantial value, but to guide in the character of a regulative idea. This idea would …
The Positive Criteria Of Legal Norms, Claudio Bozzi Dr
The Positive Criteria Of Legal Norms, Claudio Bozzi Dr
Claudio Bozzi Dr
This paper argues that Habermas’s principle of universalisation, which is posited not as a substantive value but a regulative idea which mediates impartially amongst a plurality of goods, fails to maintain the impartiality of the discourse. Rather, positive assumptions about goods are unavoidable entailments of a situated and historical norm. The laws’ coordinating role achieved by translating the normative inputs it receives from the public sphere and applying them to administrative purpose must be understood not as a universal consensus but in deliberative terms whereby the mediation of particular audiences is considered an element of rationality. But normativity cannot simply …
Can You Provide Evidence Of Insufficient Evidence? The Precautionary Principle At The Wto, Elisa Vecchione
Can You Provide Evidence Of Insufficient Evidence? The Precautionary Principle At The Wto, Elisa Vecchione
Elisa Vecchione
This paper aims to demonstrate that the WTO jurisprudence on science-related trade disputes has become entangled with a specific vision of science that has prevented any possible application of the precautionary principle. This situation is due to reasons of both legal procedures specific to the WTO dispute settlement system and the substantive nature of precautionary measures. Indeed, their foundation on “insufficient scientific evidence” dramatically complicates the question of the probative value of science for the purpose of legal adjudication and creates a seemingly contradictory situation, of which the Panel on the EC-Biotech case confirmed to be a victim: that of …
The Hollowness Of The Harm Principle, Steven D. Smith
The Hollowness Of The Harm Principle, Steven D. Smith
Steven D. Smith
Among the various instruments in the toolbox of liberalism, the so-called “harm principle,” presented as the central thesis of John Stuart Mill’s classic On Liberty, has been one of the most popular. The harm principle has been widely embraced and invoked in both academic and popular debate about a variety of issues ranging from obscenity to drug regulation to abortion to same-sex marriage, and its influence is discernible in legal arguments and judicial opinions as well. Despite the principle’s apparent irresistibility, this essay argues that the principle is hollow. It is an empty vessel, alluring but without any inherent legal …
The Tenuous Case For Conscience, Steven D. Smith
The Tenuous Case For Conscience, Steven D. Smith
Steven D. Smith
If there is any single theme that has provided the foundation of modern liberalism and has infused our more specific constitutional commitments to freedom of religion and freedom of speech, that theme is probably “freedom of conscience.” But some observers also perceive a progressive cheapening of conscience– even a sort of degradation. Such criticisms suggest the need for a contemporary rethinking of conscience. When we reverently invoke “conscience,” do we have any idea what we are talking about? Or are we just exploiting a venerable theme for rhetorical purposes without any clear sense of what “conscience” is or why it …
How Money For Legal Scholarship Disadvantages Feminism, Martha T. Mccluskey
How Money For Legal Scholarship Disadvantages Feminism, Martha T. Mccluskey
Journal Articles
A dramatic infusion of outside money has shaped legal theory over the last several decades, largely to the detriment of feminist theory. Nonetheless, the pervasive influence of this funding is largely ignored in scholarly discussions of legal theory. This denial helps reinforce the marginal position of feminist scholarship and of women in legal theory. Conservative activists and funders have understood the central role of developing community culture and institutions, and have helped shift the prevailing framework for discussion of many questions of theory and policy through substantial investments in law-and-economics centers and in the Federalist Society. Comparing the institutional resources …
Holmes And Dissent, Allen P. Mendenhall
Holmes And Dissent, Allen P. Mendenhall
Allen Mendenhall
Holmes saw the dissent as a mechanism to advance and preserve arguments and as a pageant for wordplay. Dissents, for Holmes, occupied an interstitial space between law and non-law. The thought and theory of pragmatism allowed him to recreate the dissent as a stage for performative text, a place where signs and syntax could mimic the environment of the particular time and place and in so doing become, or strive to become, law. Holmes’s dissents were sites of aesthetic adaptation. The language of his dissents was acrobatic. It acted and reacted and called attention to itself. The more provocative and …
The Birthright Citizenship Controversy: A Study Of Conservative Substance And Rhetoric, Allen R. Kamp
The Birthright Citizenship Controversy: A Study Of Conservative Substance And Rhetoric, Allen R. Kamp
Allen R. Kamp
This essay is a critique of the conservative rhetoric used in their attack on birthright citizenship—as granted by Clause 1 of the Fourteenth Amendment, which states: “All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the state wherein they reside.” The rhetoric of that attack violates the traditional canons of conservative argumentation and interpretation, such as original intent and plain meaning. As such, their arguments call into question the seriousness of their allegiance to these canons.
Reason, The Common Law, And The Living Constitution (Review Of The Living Constitution By David Strauss), Matthew J. Steilen
Reason, The Common Law, And The Living Constitution (Review Of The Living Constitution By David Strauss), Matthew J. Steilen
Book Reviews
This article reviews David Strauss’s recent book, The Living Constitution. The thesis of Strauss’s book is that constitutional law is a kind of common law, based largely on judicial precedent and common-sense judgments about what works and what is fair. Strauss argues constitutional doctrines prohibiting discrimination and protecting free speech have a common law basis, and that the originalist would have to reject them. However, it is unclear that the common law can justify these rights. This review examines Strauss’s account of the common law and shows why it cannot justify our First Amendment protections of subversive advocacy, as Strauss …
A Vanishing Virginia Constitution?, Hon. Stephen R. Mccullough
A Vanishing Virginia Constitution?, Hon. Stephen R. Mccullough
University of Richmond Law Review
No abstract provided.
Cosmopolitanism And Constitutional Self-Government, Vlad F. Perju
Cosmopolitanism And Constitutional Self-Government, Vlad F. Perju
Vlad Perju
This paper, which was selected for presentation at the 2010 Yale/Stanford Junior Faculty Forum, articulates the theoretical steps by which self-government in a free community of equals leads constitutional analysis outside the boundaries of that political community. Openness to the experiences in self-government of other peoples is commonly assumed to undermine political legitimacy by loosing citizens’ control over their political fate. But is it possible that such openness might in fact render that control more effective? Could it actually enhance political and constitutional legitimacy? This paper articulates and defends the following claims: 1) The legitimacy of a political order is …
In Defense Of Judicial Prudence, Nicholas Buccola, Aila Wallace
In Defense Of Judicial Prudence, Nicholas Buccola, Aila Wallace
Nicholas Buccola
This essay has two basic aims. First, we want to show that the three major theories of judicial review – majoritarianism, perfectionism, and originalism – have at their core commitments to “cardinal virtues” – temperance, justice, fortitude. In the first part of the essay, we describe each of the cardinal virtues in conjunction with a description of each judicial philosophy and demonstrate how each virtue fits at the center of each philosophy. Second, we want to show how a full appreciation of the cardinal virtues should lead us to endorse “prudentialism” as the best approach to judicial review in the …
Friendly Fire Casualties Of American Civil Liberty In The War On Terror: Humanitarian Law Project V. Holder And The Erosion Of Free Speech, Alicia C. Armstrong Esq.
Friendly Fire Casualties Of American Civil Liberty In The War On Terror: Humanitarian Law Project V. Holder And The Erosion Of Free Speech, Alicia C. Armstrong Esq.
Alicia C Armstrong
The holding in Humanitarian Law Project (HLP) v. Holder marks a significant shift in First Amendment doctrine, unprecedented since the early twentieth century “Red Scare” cases. The HLP decision suggests that free speech principles which have been developing for over half a century—culminating in the paramount protection of “subversive advocacy”—are less deserving of adherence in the face of terrorism than in times of relative peace. Throughout the past several decades, the Court has retreated from the notion that speech which is disturbing to public opinion but benign in its capability to incite imminent lawless action deserves lower legal protection. To …
Immigrant Laws, Obstacle Preemption And The Lost Legacy Of Mcculloch, Lauren Gilbert
Immigrant Laws, Obstacle Preemption And The Lost Legacy Of Mcculloch, Lauren Gilbert
Lauren Gilbert
Using Congress’ perceived failure to enforce the immigration laws as a backdrop, this paper will explore how the Supreme Court’s recent decision in Chamber of Commerce v.Whiting upholding the Legal Arizona Workers Act exposes some of the tensions and contradictions in modern preemption doctrine. Examining the relationship among express, field, impossibility and obstacle preemption, I explore three emerging trends, all evident in Chamber of Commerce v. Whiting. The first is an increasing reluctance of the Court to find implied obstacle preemption. The second related trend is an inclination to expand the scope of impossibility preemption beyond the physical impossibility cases. …
The Development Of Charity: Anti-Poverty Measures Of Ancient Jewish Law & Jurisprudence, William H. Byrnes Iv
The Development Of Charity: Anti-Poverty Measures Of Ancient Jewish Law & Jurisprudence, William H. Byrnes Iv
William H Byrnes IV
This article describes the ancient Jewish practices, codified in Biblical law and later legal commentary, to protect the needy. The Jews’ anti-poverty measures - including regulation of agriculture, loans, working conditions, and customs for sharing at feasts - were a significant development in the jurisprudence of charity. The first half begins with a brief history of ancient Jewish civilization, providing context for the development of charity by exploring the living conditions of the poor. The second half concludes with a description of the Jewish laws, Mishnah and Talmudic commentary, as well as the practice and codification of Rabbinical teaching that …
The Twentieth Century, Daniel R. Coquillette
The Twentieth Century, Daniel R. Coquillette
Daniel R. Coquillette
All self-respecting legal history is supposed to end by the twentieth century. As we approach our own lives, experience and training—and those events that we have actually witnessed—we allegedly lose that "objectivity" which makes the "science" of history itself possible. Certainly, there is no point in burdening the reader with the "original" materials, including cases and statutes, that make up the bulk of any legal education. But there are good reasons to reflect on our own legal century from an "historical perspective."
Contract + Tort = Property: The Trade Secret Illustration, Matthew E. Cavanaugh Mba Cpa Esq.
Contract + Tort = Property: The Trade Secret Illustration, Matthew E. Cavanaugh Mba Cpa Esq.
Matthew E. Cavanaugh MBA CPA Esq.
This article commences with an introduction to the use of Hegel’s famous dialectical method as an arithmetic analysis of law. It reviews Hegel’s assertion that the sum of property and contract is tort and crime, and then suggests a better dialectic is that contract plus tort equals property. This article then reviews the doctrines of contract, tort, and property, focusing on the plaintiff’s rights and remedies, and who can be defendants in each of the three doctrines. The article next reviews the law of one particular type of intellectual property, trade secrets, because this article uses trade secrets as a …
Innocent Until Presumed Guilty: Verdicts, Habeas Corpus Law, And Newly Discovered Evidence, Richard A. Burton Jr
Innocent Until Presumed Guilty: Verdicts, Habeas Corpus Law, And Newly Discovered Evidence, Richard A. Burton Jr
Richard A Burton Jr
It may seem uncontroversial that our law should prevent the execution of an innocent person. There are ‘constitutional safeguards’ in place that maintain this principle, but these safeguards apply to pre-convicted persons – those presumed innocent – through the avoidance of wrongful conviction. Once the conviction is handed down, the safeguards fundamentally change. This is equally true for the most troubling cases in which newly discovered evidence demonstrably proves the factual innocence of a defendant but is discovered post-conviction. Despite the available evidence, such persons do not enjoy constitutional safeguards that prohibit their execution based on their factual innocence. In …
Renegotiating The Social Contract, Jennifer S. Hendricks
Renegotiating The Social Contract, Jennifer S. Hendricks
College of Law Faculty Scholarship
This essay reviews Maxine Eichner's new book, "The Supportive State: Families, Government, and America's Political Ideals." It highlights Eichner's important theoretical contributions to both liberal political theory and feminist theory, applauding her success in reforming liberalism to account for dependency, vulnerability, and families. The essay then considers some implications of Eichner's proposals and their likely reception among feminists. It concludes that "The Supportive State" is a sound and inspiring response to recent calls that feminist theory move from being strictly a school of criticism to developing a theory of governance.
Variable Multipolarity And Un Security Council Reform, Bart M.J. Szewczyk
Variable Multipolarity And Un Security Council Reform, Bart M.J. Szewczyk
Bart M.J. Szewczyk
One of the fundamental international law questions over the past two decades, and an integral issue for US policy, has been the structure of the United Nations Security Council. In a world of variable multipolarity, whereby changing crises demand different combinations of actors with relevant resources and shared interests, the Council’s reform should be based not on expanded permanent membership—as mistakenly held by conventional wisdom—but on inclusive contextual participation in decision-making. The Council’s five permanent members continue to have collective resources relative to the rest of the world that are not significantly different than at the founding of the UN. …
Hermeneutics And Judicial Interpretation, Fernando Armando Ribeiro
Hermeneutics And Judicial Interpretation, Fernando Armando Ribeiro
fernando armando ribeiro
Modern hermeneutics teaches us that everything which is perceived and represented by human beings refers to a process of interpretation, and that the world comes to mind through language. Therefore, Law depends on the hermeneutic mediation. Without hermeneutics there is no law, only normative texts. This paper makes use of the philosophical hermeneutics by Gadamer to investigate the limits and possibilities of judicial interpretation. The paper explores the contribution of philosophical hermeneutics to a new model of rationality and how it can influence the application of Law, and not only legal theory. Therefore, we will examine some of the most …
Towards Classical Legal Positivism, Dan Priel
Towards Classical Legal Positivism, Dan Priel
Dan Priel
Open almost any textbook or jurisprudence and you will find it beginning with a discussion of natural law and legal positivism. What sets them apart, we are told, is a difference on the conceptual question of the relationship between law and morality. Natural lawyers believe that law or legality are necessarily connected to morality, whereas legal positivists deny that. In this essay I challenge this fundamental understanding of the debate. The difference between legal positivism and natural law has to do with a way inquiries about law should be conducted: natural lawyers seek to understand law by relating it to …
Localizing Religion In A Jewish State, Yishai Blank Prof.
Localizing Religion In A Jewish State, Yishai Blank Prof.
Yishai Blank
Cities in Israel are regulating religion and controlling religious liberty. They decide whether to close down roads during the Sabbath, whether to limit the selling of pork meat within their jurisdiction, whether to prohibit sex stores from opening, and whether to allocate budgets and lands to religious activities. They do all that by using their regular local powers as well as special enablement laws which the Israeli parliament enacts from time to time. The immediacy of these issues, the fact that the traditional powers—business licensing, traffic and road control, spending and more—of local authorities touch upon many of them, and …
Does 'Sorry' Incriminate? Evidence, Harm And The Meaning Of Apologies, Jeffrey S. Helmreich
Does 'Sorry' Incriminate? Evidence, Harm And The Meaning Of Apologies, Jeffrey S. Helmreich
Jeffrey S. Helmreich
Apology has proven a dramatically effective means of resolving conflict and preventing litigation. Still, many injurers, particularly physicians, withhold apologies because they have long been used as evidence of liability. Recently, a majority of states in the U.S. have passed “Apology Laws” designed to lift this disincentive, by shielding apologies from evidentiary use. However, most of the new laws protect only expressions of benevolence and sympathy (such as “I feel bad about what happened to you”). They exclude full apologies, which express regret, remorse or self-criticism (“I should have prevented it,” for example). The state measures thereby reinforce a prevailing …
Popular Originalism? The Tea Party And Constitutional Theory, Rebecca Zietlow
Popular Originalism? The Tea Party And Constitutional Theory, Rebecca Zietlow
Rebecca E Zietlow
The United States Constitution is currently the subject of a heated political debate. Tea Party activists have invoked the constitution as the foundation of their conservative political philosophy. These activists are engaged in “popular originalism,” using popular constitutionalism, constitutional interpretation outside of the courts, to invoke originalism as constitutional method. The Tea Party movement thus provides an excellent heuristic to explore the relationship between originalism and popular constitutionalism, two prominent trends in constitutional theory. Both originalists and popular constitutionalists study legal history to illuminate constitutional meaning, but the two schools of thought draw diverging lessons from that history. Originalists look …
New Custom: Customary Law As A Progressive Force In Contemporary International Law, Elizabeth Campbell
New Custom: Customary Law As A Progressive Force In Contemporary International Law, Elizabeth Campbell
Elizabeth Campbell
This paper examines the emergence of a new form of customary international law and its use as a progressive law making tool in the field of international law. It discusses the definitional problems with the orthodox tests of customary law, state practice and opinio juris, and how these ambiguities have been exploited by States wishing support for a particular norm they feel should get customary law status. It is argued that through this laxity, customary international law has inadvertently provided a new forum for the development of progressive law. The paper begins with an examination of the difficulties in defining …
The Reality Of Eu-Conformity Review In France, Juscelino F. Colares
The Reality Of Eu-Conformity Review In France, Juscelino F. Colares
Juscelino F. Colares
French High Courts embraced review of national legislation for conformity with EU law in different stages and following distinct approaches to EU law supremacy. This article tests whether adherence to different views on EU law supremacy has resulted in different levels of EU directive enforcement by the French High Courts. After introducing the complex French systems of statutory, treaty and constitutional review, this study explains how EU-conformity review emerged among these systems and provides an empirical analysis refuting the anecdotal view that different EU supremacy theories produce substantial differences in conformity adjudication outcomes. These Courts' uniformly high rates of EU …
Using John Dewey's Pragmatist Epistemology To Teach Legal Analysis And Communication, David T. Ritchie
Using John Dewey's Pragmatist Epistemology To Teach Legal Analysis And Communication, David T. Ritchie
David T. Ritchie
In this article I discuss the epistemology of the American pragmatist philosopher John Dewey, who maintained that there is a “common pattern or structure” of human reasoning. According to Dewey, we naturally employ pragmatic problem-solving. In his epistemological works Dewey frequently discussed legal reasoning as a paradigm example of this sort of problem-solving. I develop and explain Dewey’s pragmatist epistemology, and then relate it to how novices can benefit from understanding his account. I end the article by explaining how I use this account of human reasoning in my law school classes.
Chevron As A Doctrine Of Hard Cases, Frederick Liu
Chevron As A Doctrine Of Hard Cases, Frederick Liu
Frederick Liu
The conventional wisdom holds that the Chevron doctrine rests on a presumption about congressional intent—a presumption that when a statute is ambiguous, Congress intended the gap to be filled by the agency charged with administering the statute. But the presumption is a mere fiction; Congress generally has no view on whether ambiguities in a statute should be resolved by the agency or the court. This Article proposes a new theory of Chevron, one that rests on a simple reality: No matter how determinate the law may seem, there will inevitably be hard cases—cases in which the law runs out before …
Popular Originalism? The Tea Party And Constitutional Theory, Rebecca Zietlow
Popular Originalism? The Tea Party And Constitutional Theory, Rebecca Zietlow
Rebecca E Zietlow
The United States Constitution is currently the subject of a heated political debate. Tea Party activists have invoked the constitution as the foundation of their conservative political philosophy. These activists are engaged in “popular originalism,” using popular constitutionalism, constitutional interpretation outside of the courts, to invoke originalism as constitutional method. The Tea Party movement thus provides an excellent heuristic to explore the relationship between originalism and popular constitutionalism, two prominent trends in constitutional theory. Both originalists and popular constitutionalists study legal history to illuminate constitutional meaning, but the two schools of thought draw diverging lessons from that history. Originalists look …