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Full-Text Articles in Law
Guidelines For Physician-Assisted Suicide, Raphael Cohen-Almagor
Guidelines For Physician-Assisted Suicide, Raphael Cohen-Almagor
raphael cohen-almagor
This paper proposes a set of guidelines for physician-assisted suicide (PAS). This set of guidelines integrates pertinent guidelines that were adopted in Oregon, where physician-assisted suicide is legal, in the Netherlands and Belgium where euthanasia is legal, in Switzerland where assisted suicide is practiced, and in the Northern Territory of Australia, where physician-assisted suicide was legal for a short period of time.
Guidelines For Physician-Assisted Suicide, Raphael Cohen-Almagor
Guidelines For Physician-Assisted Suicide, Raphael Cohen-Almagor
raphael cohen-almagor
This paper proposes a set of guidelines for physician-assisted suicide (PAS). This set of guidelines integrates pertinent guidelines that were adopted in Oregon, where physician-assisted suicide is legal, in the Netherlands and Belgium where euthanasia is legal, in Switzerland where assisted suicide is practiced, and in the Northern Territory of Australia, where physician-assisted suicide was legal for a short period of time.
Addressing Prescription Opioid Abuse Concerns In Context: Synchronizing Policy Solutions To Multiple Public Health Problems, Kelly Dineen
Addressing Prescription Opioid Abuse Concerns In Context: Synchronizing Policy Solutions To Multiple Public Health Problems, Kelly Dineen
Kelly Dineen
No abstract provided.
Are Changes To The Common Rule Necessary To Address Evolving Areas Of Research? A Case Study Focusing On The Human Microbiome Project, Diane Hoffmann, J. Fortenberry, Jacques Ravel
Are Changes To The Common Rule Necessary To Address Evolving Areas Of Research? A Case Study Focusing On The Human Microbiome Project, Diane Hoffmann, J. Fortenberry, Jacques Ravel
Diane Hoffmann
This article examines ways in which research conducted under the Human Microbiome Project, an effort to establish a “reference catalogue” of the micro-organisms present in the human body and determine how changes in those micro-organisms affect health and disease, raise challenging issues for regulation of human subject research. The article focuses on issues related to subject selection and recruitment, group stigma, and informational risks, and explores whether: (1) the Common Rule or proposed changes to the Rule adequately address these issues and (2) the Common Rule is the most appropriate vehicle to provide regulatory oversight and guidance on these topics.
Moral Gridlock: Conceptual Barriers To No-Fault Compensation For Injured Research Subjects, Leslie Henry
Moral Gridlock: Conceptual Barriers To No-Fault Compensation For Injured Research Subjects, Leslie Henry
Leslie Meltzer Henry
The federal regulations that govern biomedical research, most notably those enshrined in the Common Rule, express a protectionist ethos aimed at safeguarding subjects of human experimentation from the potential harms of research participation. In at least one critical way, however, the regulations have always fallen short of this promise: if a subject suffers a research-related injury, then neither the investigator nor the sponsor has any legal obligation under the regulations to care for or compensate the subject. Because very few subjects with research-related injuries can meet the financial or evidentiary requirements associated with a successful legal claim to recover the …
Revising The Common Rule: Prospects And Challenges, Leslie Henry
Revising The Common Rule: Prospects And Challenges, Leslie Henry
Leslie Meltzer Henry
The annual Bioethics and Law Roundtable, jointly sponsored by the Law & Health Care Program at the University of Maryland Francis King Carey School of Law and the Johns Hopkins Berman Institute of Bioethics, convened in April 2012 to address "Human Subjects Research Regulations: Proposals for Reform." This paper serves as the introduction to the seven papers presented at the symposium that discuss the prospects and challenges of revising the Common Rule.
Could You Repeat That Please? Forty-Five Years Of Testing Pesticides On People, Barbara R. Leiterman Esq.
Could You Repeat That Please? Forty-Five Years Of Testing Pesticides On People, Barbara R. Leiterman Esq.
Barbara R. Leiterman Esq.
Little has been published in the literature about pesticide experiments conducted on human subjects. Yet there were at least twenty-two tests between 1967 and 2011 in which people were intentionally exposed to specific doses of pesticides. Almost all of these experiments violated scientific ethics and human rights. This article aims to describe those tests and their shortcomings, and explore the laws and regulations that incentivize such human experimentation. Ironically, as the public desire for pesticide safety increases, so does the industry’s motivation to test pesticides on people. Bringing these pesticide experiments to light, expanding the public discourse on the subject …
Individual Mandate Is Constitutional, Leslie Henry, Maxwell Stearns
Individual Mandate Is Constitutional, Leslie Henry, Maxwell Stearns
Maxwell L. Stearns
Supreme Court should find that key aspect of Obama's signature law is a legitimate exercise of Commerce Clause power.
Individual Mandate Is Constitutional, Leslie Henry, Maxwell Stearns
Individual Mandate Is Constitutional, Leslie Henry, Maxwell Stearns
Leslie Meltzer Henry
Supreme Court should find that key aspect of Obama's signature law is a legitimate exercise of Commerce Clause power.
The Paradox In Madness: Vulnerability Confronts The Law, Marie Failinger
The Paradox In Madness: Vulnerability Confronts The Law, Marie Failinger
Marie A. Failinger
Using personal narrative, this article engages the durable power of attorney and the abuses that can occur when the maker of a power is mentally ill. It proposes some basic safeguards necessary to protect the dignity and autonomy of the maker.
Physicians Who Break The Law, Diane E. Hoffmann
Physicians Who Break The Law, Diane E. Hoffmann
Diane Hoffmann
This paper takes as its starting point a recent article by Prof. Sandra Johnson, Regulating Physician Behavior: Taking Doctors “Bad Law” Claims Seriously. In the article, Johnson focuses on doctors who comply with the law despite their belief that the law is “bad”, i.e., causes them to behave in ways that are harmful to their patients. In Physicians Who Break the Law, I explore cases where physicians break the law claiming that it is “bad”. In this exploration, I focus on two areas of physicians’ lawbreaking: (1) violations of business-related laws, in particular, insurance fraud; and (2) violations of laws …
Who Decides Whether A Patient Lives Or Dies?, Diane E. Hoffmann, Jack Schwartz
Who Decides Whether A Patient Lives Or Dies?, Diane E. Hoffmann, Jack Schwartz
Diane Hoffmann
No abstract provided.
The Girl Who Cried Pain: A Bias Against Women In The Treatment Of Pain, Diane E. Hoffmann, Anita J. Tarzian
The Girl Who Cried Pain: A Bias Against Women In The Treatment Of Pain, Diane E. Hoffmann, Anita J. Tarzian
Diane Hoffmann
In general, women report more severe levels of pain, more frequent incidences of pain, and pain of longer duration than men, but are nonetheless treated for pain less aggressively. The authors investigate this paradox from two perspectives: Do men and women in fact experience pain differently - whether biologically, cognitively, and/or emotionally? And regardless of the answer, what accounts for the differences in the pain treatment they receive, and what can we do to correct this situation?
Testing Children For Genetic Predispositions: Is It In Their Best Interest?, Diane E. Hoffmann, Eric A. Wulfsberg
Testing Children For Genetic Predispositions: Is It In Their Best Interest?, Diane E. Hoffmann, Eric A. Wulfsberg
Diane Hoffmann
No abstract provided.
Fear Of Facebook: Private Ordering Of Social Media Risks Incurred By Healthcare Providers, Nicolas P. Terry
Fear Of Facebook: Private Ordering Of Social Media Risks Incurred By Healthcare Providers, Nicolas P. Terry
Nicolas P Terry
The last two years have seen important quantitative and qualitative shifts in social media use patterns in the healthcare environment. Reacting to present and future risks there has been a rapid deployment of private ordering: social media policies and other contractual constructs emanating from physicians, professional organizations, employers and educators. These private, often contractual attempts to regulate online interactions or social media conduct are not all benign, themselves creating ethical or legal risk. This article, a follow-up to Physicians And Patients Who ‘Friend’ Or ‘Tweet’: Constructing A Legal Framework For Social Networking In A Highly Regulated Domain, 43 IND. L. …
When Is Medical Care “Futile”? The Institutional Competence Of The Medical Profession Regarding The Provision Of Life-Sustaining Medical Care, Meir Katz
Meir Katz
“Medical futility,” the doctrine by which hospital ethics boards have assumed the right to authorize medical providers to unilaterally withdraw or decline to provide aggressive life sustaining medical care, has swelled in popularity in recent years and has affected the lives of countless terminal patients. The case law governing medical futility is inconsistent and appears to provide medical providers and patients alike little guidance in this extremely sensitive area of health law. Lost in the confusion created by the case and statutory law is due consideration of the normative case behind “medical futility.” “Futility,” by definition, is preceded by an …
Towards A New Moral Paradigm In Health Care Delivery: Accounting For Individuals, Meir Katz
Towards A New Moral Paradigm In Health Care Delivery: Accounting For Individuals, Meir Katz
Meir Katz
For years, commentators have debated how to most appropriately allocate scarce medical resources over large populations. In this paper, I abstract the major rationing schema into three general approaches: rationing by price, quantity, and prioritization. Each has both normative appeal and considerable weakness. After exploring them, I present what some commentators have termed the “moral paradigm” as an alternative to broader philosophies designed to encapsulate the universe of options available to allocators (often termed the market, professional, and political paradigms). While not itself an abstraction of any specific viable rationing scheme, it provides a strong basis for the development of …
The Right To Die With Dignity: An Argument In Ethics And Law, Raphael Cohen-Almagor
The Right To Die With Dignity: An Argument In Ethics And Law, Raphael Cohen-Almagor
raphael cohen-almagor
We face a dilemma. Suppose there is a person who suffers great pain and wants to die. Those who believe life is intrinsically valuable object to taking life and to taking any action on the person’s desire because the end of life is something granted only to nature, and is not a decision that is incumbent on human beings. However, this objection ignores the autonomy of the agent’s concerns, because she might say: “I would like to die. I would rather die in these circumstances because I don’t feel that I am adding anything just by surviving.” Can life be …
Built In Obsolescence: The Coming End To The Abortion Debate, Vernellia R. Randall, Tshaka C. Randall
Built In Obsolescence: The Coming End To The Abortion Debate, Vernellia R. Randall, Tshaka C. Randall
Vernellia R. Randall
The current legal and political dispute is grounded in the misconception that the decision to have an abortion is one decision, a decision to terminate a fetus. In fact, in choosing an abortion, a woman is actually making two distinct choices: first, she is choosing to terminate her pregnancy, that is, remove the fetus from her body; and, second, she is choosing to terminate the fetus. Currently, a woman’s decision to remove the fetus from her body (the “autonomy decision”) is necessarily a medical decision to terminate the fetus (the “reproductive decision”). The current argument in favor of legalized abortion …