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Articles 1 - 30 of 34
Full-Text Articles in Law
Using Technology The Founders Never Dreamed Of: Cell Phones As Tracking Devices And The Fourth Amendment, R. Craig Curtis, Michael C. Gizzi, Michael J. Kittleson
Using Technology The Founders Never Dreamed Of: Cell Phones As Tracking Devices And The Fourth Amendment, R. Craig Curtis, Michael C. Gizzi, Michael J. Kittleson
University of Denver Criminal Law Review
No abstract provided.
Attempts Towards A Zero-Sum Game: A Recurring Imbalance Between Individual Privacy And The Fourth Amendment, Christopher Netniss
Attempts Towards A Zero-Sum Game: A Recurring Imbalance Between Individual Privacy And The Fourth Amendment, Christopher Netniss
Loyola of Los Angeles Entertainment Law Review
The digital era we live in today allows society to work, shop, socialize, and even monitor one’s health without having to leave the confines of one’s home. In a recent landmark privacy case, Carpenter v. United States, the individual privacy implications of the Fourth Amendment were strengthened when the Supreme Court held that the government must generally obtain a warrant before collecting more than six days of historical cell-site location information from a third-party service provider, like Verizon. Cell-site location information could implicate numerous Fourth Amendment concepts, such as the third-party doctrine, mosaic theory, and public exposure doctrine. Refusing to …
Lawful Searches Incident To Unlawful Arrests: A Reform Proposal, Mark A. Summers
Lawful Searches Incident To Unlawful Arrests: A Reform Proposal, Mark A. Summers
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
A Warrant Requirement Resurgence? The Fourth Amendment In The Roberts Court, Benjamin J. Priester
A Warrant Requirement Resurgence? The Fourth Amendment In The Roberts Court, Benjamin J. Priester
St. John's Law Review
(Excerpt)
Over many years, the United States Supreme Court has developed an extensive body of precedent interpreting and enforcing the provisions of the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which prohibits unreasonable searches and seizures by law enforcement agents conducting criminal investigations. Commonly called the “warrant requirement,” one key component of this case law operates to deem some police investigatory techniques to be unconstitutional unless they are conducted pursuant to a search warrant issued in advance by a judge. The terms of the doctrine and its exceptions also authorize other investigatory actions as constitutionally permissible without a search warrant. …
When Protest Is The Disaster: Constitutional Implications Of State And Local Emergency Power, Karen Pita Loor
When Protest Is The Disaster: Constitutional Implications Of State And Local Emergency Power, Karen Pita Loor
Faculty Scholarship
The President’s use of emergency authority has recently ignited concern among civil rights groups over national executive emergency power. However, state and local emergency authority can also be dangerous and deserves similar attention. This article demonstrates that, just as we watch over the national executive, we must be wary of and check on state and local executives — and their emergency management law enforcement actors — when they react in crisis mode. This paper exposes and critiques state executives’ use of emergency power and emergency management mechanisms to suppress grassroots political activity and suggests avenues to counter that abuse. I …
"23 And Plea": Limiting Police Use Of Genealogy Sites After Carpenter V. United States, Antony Barone Kolenc
"23 And Plea": Limiting Police Use Of Genealogy Sites After Carpenter V. United States, Antony Barone Kolenc
West Virginia Law Review
No abstract provided.
Congress, The Courts, And New Technologies: A Response To Professor Solove , Orin S. Kerr
Congress, The Courts, And New Technologies: A Response To Professor Solove , Orin S. Kerr
Orin Kerr
No abstract provided.
Traveling While Hispanic: Border Patrol Immigration Investigatory Stops At Tsa Checkpoints And Hispanic Appearance, Pablo Chapablanco
Traveling While Hispanic: Border Patrol Immigration Investigatory Stops At Tsa Checkpoints And Hispanic Appearance, Pablo Chapablanco
Cornell Law Review
No abstract provided.
The Endogenous Fourth Amendment: An Empirical Assessment Of How Police Understandings Of Excessive Force Become Constitutional Law, Osagie K. Obasogie, Zachary Newman
The Endogenous Fourth Amendment: An Empirical Assessment Of How Police Understandings Of Excessive Force Become Constitutional Law, Osagie K. Obasogie, Zachary Newman
Cornell Law Review
If the Fourth Amendment is designed to protect citizens from law enforcement abusing its powers, why are so many unarmed Americans killed? Traditional understandings of the Fourth Amendment suggest that it has an exogenous effect on police use of force, Le., that the Fourth Amendment provides the ground rules for how and when law enforcement can use force that police departments turn into use-of-force policies that ostensibly limit police violence. In this Article, we question whether this exogenous understanding of the Fourth Amendment in relation to excessive force claims is accurate by engaging in an empirical assessment of the use-of-force …
Automated License Plate Readers: The Difficult Balance Of Solving Crime And Protecting Individual Privacy, Lauren Fash
Automated License Plate Readers: The Difficult Balance Of Solving Crime And Protecting Individual Privacy, Lauren Fash
Maryland Law Review Online
No abstract provided.
Text Messages Are Property: Why You Don’T Own Your Text Messages, But It’D Be A Lot Cooler If You Did, Spence M. Howden
Text Messages Are Property: Why You Don’T Own Your Text Messages, But It’D Be A Lot Cooler If You Did, Spence M. Howden
Washington and Lee Law Review
This Note proceeds as follows: Part II offers a brief overview of what text messages are and what they are not. Part III covers the history of intangible personal property law and reviews the evolution of “cybertrespass” claims. Part IV explores the judiciary and the Fourth Amendment’s failure to protect text messages. Finally, Part V evaluates whether text messages constitute property and the practical implications of this finding.
Cell Phones Are Orwell's Telescreen: The Need For Fourth Amendment Protection In Real-Time Cell Phone Location Information, Matthew Devoy Jones
Cell Phones Are Orwell's Telescreen: The Need For Fourth Amendment Protection In Real-Time Cell Phone Location Information, Matthew Devoy Jones
Cleveland State Law Review
Courts are divided as to whether law enforcement can collect cell phone location information in real-time without a warrant under the Fourth Amendment. This Article argues that Carpenter v. United States requires a warrant under the Fourth Amendment prior to law enforcement’s collection of real-time cell phone location information. Courts that have required a warrant prior to the government’s collection of real-time cell phone location information have considered the length of surveillance. This should not be a factor. The growing prevalence and usage of cell phones and cell phone technology, the original intent of the Fourth Amendment, and United States …
Mission Creep And Wiretap Act 'Super Warrants': A Cautionary Tale, Jennifer S. Granick, Patrick Toomey, Naomi Gilens, Daniel Yadron Jr.
Mission Creep And Wiretap Act 'Super Warrants': A Cautionary Tale, Jennifer S. Granick, Patrick Toomey, Naomi Gilens, Daniel Yadron Jr.
Loyola of Los Angeles Law Review
Congress enacted the Wiretap Act in 1968 in an effort to combat organized crime while safeguarding the privacy of innocent Americans. However, the Act instead served to legitimize wiretapping, and its privacy protections have eroded over time. As a result, there has been a significant increase in wiretapping in the decades since the Act’s passage. As technology evolves, the Wiretap Act does less to protect Americans’ private communications from government interception. Nevertheless, policy makers see the Wiretap Act, with its “super-warrant” procedures, as the gold standard for statutory privacy protection. To the contrary, when considering how to regulate new and …
The Normative Fourth Amendment, Matthew Tokson
The Normative Fourth Amendment, Matthew Tokson
Utah Law Faculty Scholarship
For decades, courts have used a “reasonable expectation of privacy” standard to determine whether a government action is a Fourth Amendment search. Scholars have convincingly argued that this test is incoherent, arbitrary, and incapable of protecting privacy against modern forms of surveillance. Yet few alternatives have been proposed, and those alternatives pose many of the same problems as the current standard.
This Article offers a new theoretical approach for determining the scope of the Fourth Amendment. It develops a normative model of Fourth Amendment searches, one that explicitly addresses the balance between law enforcement effectiveness and citizens’ interests inherent in …
Student Surveillance, Racial Inequalities, And Implicit Racial Bias, Jason P. Nance
Student Surveillance, Racial Inequalities, And Implicit Racial Bias, Jason P. Nance
Jason P. Nance
In the wake of high-profile incidents of school violence, school officials have increased their reliance on a host of surveillance measures to maintain order and control in their schools. Paradoxically, such practices can foster hostile environments that may lead to even more disorder and dysfunction. These practices may also contribute to the so-called “school-to-prison pipeline” by pushing more students out of school and into the juvenile justice system. However, not all students experience the same level of surveillance. This Article presents data on school surveillance practices, including an original empirical analysis of restricted data recently released by the U.S. Department …
Reevaluating School Searches Following School-To-Prison Pipeline Reforms, Josh Gupta-Kagan
Reevaluating School Searches Following School-To-Prison Pipeline Reforms, Josh Gupta-Kagan
Faculty Publications
The Supreme Court held in New Jersey v. T.L.O. that school officials could search students without a warrant and with only reasonable suspicion, not probable cause, because of schools’ need for discipline and the relationship between educators and students. That case belongs to a body of Fourth Amendment cases involving, in T.L.O.’s terms, “special needs, beyond the normal need for law enforcement.” What Fourth Amendment standard, then, governs searches involving one of the roughly 20,000 school resource officers (SROs) in American schools? Most state courts to decide the issue ruled in the 1990s and 2000s that T.L.O. applied to SRO-involved …
United States V. Sweeney, Melissa Toback
Reforming Institutions: The Judicial Function In Bankruptcy And Public Law Litigation, Kathleen G. Noonan, Jonathan C. Lipson, William Simon
Reforming Institutions: The Judicial Function In Bankruptcy And Public Law Litigation, Kathleen G. Noonan, Jonathan C. Lipson, William Simon
Indiana Law Journal
Public law litigation (PLL) is among the most important and controversial types of dispute that courts face. These civil class actions seek to reform public agencies such as police departments, prison systems, and child welfare agencies that have failed to meet basic statutory or constitutional obligations. They are controversial because critics assume that judicial intervention is categorically undemocratic or beyond judicial expertise.
This Article reveals flaws in these criticisms by comparing the judicial function in PLL to that in corporate bankruptcy, where the value and legitimacy of judicial intervention are better understood and more accepted. Our comparison shows that judicial …
Nowhere To Run, Nowhere To Hide.* Applying The Fourth Amendment To Connected Cars In The Internet-Of-Things Era, Gregory C. Brown, Jr.
Nowhere To Run, Nowhere To Hide.* Applying The Fourth Amendment To Connected Cars In The Internet-Of-Things Era, Gregory C. Brown, Jr.
Journal of Civil Rights and Economic Development
(Excerpt)
Part I of this Note will briefly discuss the key components of a Connected Car, identify who collects the data from the Car, and examine the various uses for the data. Part I also explores whether Car owners consent to the collection of their Car’s data. Part II-A will trace the historical development of the automobile exception to the Fourth Amendment, which generally permits law-enforcement officers to conduct a warrantless search of a vehicle. Part II-B will discuss how the Supreme Court has applied the Fourth Amendment to pre-Internet technologies. Part II-C will discuss two recent Fourth Amendment Supreme …
The Public Information Fallacy, Woodrow Hartzog
The Public Information Fallacy, Woodrow Hartzog
Faculty Scholarship
The concept of privacy in “public” information or acts is a perennial topic for debate. It has given privacy law fits. People struggle to reconcile the notion of protecting information that has been made public with traditional accounts of privacy. As a result, successfully labeling information as public often functions as a permission slip for surveillance and personal data practices. It has also given birth to a significant and persistent misconception — that public information is an established and objective concept.
In this article, I argue that the “no privacy in public” justification is misguided because nobody knows what “public” …
A Warrant Requirement Resurgence: The Fourth Amendment In The Roberts Court, Benjamin Priester
A Warrant Requirement Resurgence: The Fourth Amendment In The Roberts Court, Benjamin Priester
Journal Publications
Over many years, the United States Supreme Court has developed an extensive body of precedent interpreting and enforcing the provisions of the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which prohibits unreasonable searches and seizures by law enforcement agents conducting criminal investigations. Commonly called the "warrant requirement," one key component of this case law operates to deem some police investigatory techniques to be unconstitutional unless they are conducted pursuant to a search warrant issued in advance by a judge. The terms of the doctrine and its exceptions also authorize other investigatory actions as constitutionally permissible without a search warrant. The …
Full Transparency: A Case Against The Collection Of Internet Information In Trump-Era American Immigration, Thomas P. Campbell
Full Transparency: A Case Against The Collection Of Internet Information In Trump-Era American Immigration, Thomas P. Campbell
FIU Law Review
No abstract provided.
The Criminal Continues To Go Free When The Constable Blunders: Testing The Boundaries Of Curtilage—State V. Chute, 908 N.W.2d 578 (Minn. 2018), Akina Khan
Mitchell Hamline Law Review
No abstract provided.
Judges Do It Better: Why Judges Can (And Should) Decide Life Or Death, Andrew R. Ford
Judges Do It Better: Why Judges Can (And Should) Decide Life Or Death, Andrew R. Ford
Dickinson Law Review (2017-Present)
Following its decision in Furman v. Georgia, the Supreme Court of the United States has attempted to standardize procedures that states use to subject offenders to the ultimate penalty. In practice, this attempt at standardization has divided capital sentencing into two distinct parts: the death eligibility decision and the death selection decision. The eligibility decision addresses whether the sentencer may impose the death penalty, while the selection decision determines who among that limited subset of eligible offenders is sentenced to death. In Ring v. Arizona, the Court held for the first time that the Sixth Amendment right to …
Warrantless Searches Of Electronic Devices At U.S. Borders: Securing The Nation Or Violating Digital Liberty?, Ahad Khilji
Warrantless Searches Of Electronic Devices At U.S. Borders: Securing The Nation Or Violating Digital Liberty?, Ahad Khilji
Catholic University Journal of Law and Technology
The steady increase of U.S. citizens traveling with smart phones and other electronic devices has been met with the rise of searches and seizures by CBP officers at U.S borders. Although only less than 0.1% of all travelers may actually be subjected to a search while entering the United States, when comparing the statistics between a six month period in 2016 with the same period in 2017, electronic device searches have almost doubled from 8,383 to 14,993. Approximately one million travelers to the U.S. are inspected by the CBP every day. Out of this population, nearly 2,500 electronic devices are …
Implicit Racial Bias And Students' Fourth Amendment Rights, Jason P. Nance
Implicit Racial Bias And Students' Fourth Amendment Rights, Jason P. Nance
Indiana Law Journal
Tragic acts of school violence such as what occurred in Columbine, Newtown, and, more recently, in Parkland and Santa Fe, provoke intense feelings of anger, fear, sadness, and helplessness. Understandably, in response to these incidents (and for other reasons), many schools have intensified the manner in which they monitor and control students. Some schools rely on combinations of security measures such as metal detectors; surveillance cameras; drug-sniffing dogs; locked and monitored gates; random searches of students’ belongings, lockers, and persons; and law enforcement officers. Not only is there little empirical evidence that these measures actually make schools safer, but overreliance …
The Exclusionary Rule In The Age Of Blue Data, Andrew Ferguson
The Exclusionary Rule In The Age Of Blue Data, Andrew Ferguson
Articles in Law Reviews & Other Academic Journals
In Herring v. United States, Chief Justice John Roberts reframed the Supreme Court’s understanding of the exclusionary rule: “As laid out in our cases, the exclusionary rule serves to deter deliberate, reckless, or grossly negligent conduct, or in some circumstances recurring or systemic negligence.” The open question remains: how can defendants demonstrate sufficient recurring or systemic negligence to warrant exclusion? The Supreme Court has never answered the question, although the absence of systemic or recurring problems has figured prominently in two recent exclusionary rule decisions. Without the ability to document recurring failures, or patterns of police misconduct, courts can dismiss …
Protecting Online Privacy In The Digital Age: Carpenter V. United States And The Fourth Amendment's Third-Party Doctrine, Cristina Del Rosso
Protecting Online Privacy In The Digital Age: Carpenter V. United States And The Fourth Amendment's Third-Party Doctrine, Cristina Del Rosso
Honors Undergraduate Theses
The intent of this thesis is to examine the future of the third-party doctrine with the proliferation of technology and the online data we are surrounded with daily, specifically after the United States Supreme Court's decision in Carpenter v. United States. In order to better understand the Supreme Court's reasoning in that case, this thesis will review the history of the third-party doctrine and its roots in United States v. Miller and Smith v. Maryland. A review of Fourth Amendment history and jurisprudence is also crucial to this thesis, as it is imperative that individuals do not forfeit …
Introduction To Tracey Maclin's " 'Black And Blue Encounters' Some Preliminary Thoughts About Fourth Amendment Seizures: Should Race Matter?", Derrick A. Carter
Introduction To Tracey Maclin's " 'Black And Blue Encounters' Some Preliminary Thoughts About Fourth Amendment Seizures: Should Race Matter?", Derrick A. Carter
Valparaiso University Law Review
No abstract provided.
The Constitutional Risks Of Ridesharing: Fourth Amendment Protections Of Passengers In Uber And Lyft, Genesis Martinez
The Constitutional Risks Of Ridesharing: Fourth Amendment Protections Of Passengers In Uber And Lyft, Genesis Martinez
FIU Law Review
No abstract provided.