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Articles 1 - 14 of 14
Full-Text Articles in Law
Surveillance And The Tyrant Test, Andrew Guthrie Ferguson
Surveillance And The Tyrant Test, Andrew Guthrie Ferguson
Articles in Law Reviews & Other Academic Journals
How should society respond to police surveillance technologies? This question has been at the center of national debates around facial recog- nition, predictive policing, and digital tracking technologies. It is a debate that has divided activists, law enforcement officials, and academ- ics and will be a central question for years to come as police surveillance technology grows in scale and scope. Do you trust police to use the tech- nology without regulation? Do you ban surveillance technology as a manifestation of discriminatory carceral power that cannot be reformed? Can you regulate police surveillance with a combination of technocratic rules, policies, …
Structural Sensor Surveillance, Andrew Guthrie Ferguson
Structural Sensor Surveillance, Andrew Guthrie Ferguson
Articles in Law Reviews & Other Academic Journals
City infrastructure is getting smarter. Embedded smart sensors in roads, lampposts, and electrical grids offer the government a way to regulate municipal resources and the police a new power to monitor citizens. This structural sensor surveillance, however, raises a difficult constitutional question: Does the creation of continuously-recording, aggregated, long-term data collection systems violate the Fourth Amendment? After all, recent Supreme Court cases suggest that technologies that allow police to monitor location, reveal personal patterns, and track personal details for long periods of time are Fourth Amendment searches which require a probable cause warrant. This Article uses the innovation of smart …
Notice And Standing In The Fourth Amendment: Searches Of Personal Data, Jennifer Daskal
Notice And Standing In The Fourth Amendment: Searches Of Personal Data, Jennifer Daskal
Articles in Law Reviews & Other Academic Journals
In at least two recent cases, courts have rejected service providers' capacity to raise Fourth Amendment claims on behalf of their customers. These holdings rely on longstanding Supreme Court doctrine establishing a general rule against third parties asserting the Fourth Amendment rights of others. However, there is a key difference between these two recent cases and those cases on which the doctrine rests. The relevant Supreme Court doctrine stems from situations in which someone could take action to raise the Fourth Amendment claim, even if the particular thirdparty litigant could not. In the situations presented by the recent cases, by …
Big Data And Predictive Reasonable Suspicion, Andrew Ferguson
Big Data And Predictive Reasonable Suspicion, Andrew Ferguson
Articles in Law Reviews & Other Academic Journals
The Fourth Amendment requires “reasonable suspicion” to seize a suspect. As a general matter, the suspicion derives from information a police officer observes or knows. It is individualized to a particular person at a particular place. Most reasonable suspicion cases involve police confronting unknown suspects engaged in observable suspicious activities. Essentially, the reasonable suspicion doctrine is based on “small data” – discrete facts involving limited information and little knowledge about the suspect.But what if this small data is replaced by “big data”? What if police can “know” about the suspect through new networked information sources? Or, what if predictive analytics …
Driving Into Unreasonableness: The Driveway, The Curtilage, And Reasonable Expectations Of Privacy, Vanessa Rownaghi
Driving Into Unreasonableness: The Driveway, The Curtilage, And Reasonable Expectations Of Privacy, Vanessa Rownaghi
American University Journal of Gender, Social Policy & the Law
No abstract provided.
Arrest Efficiency And The Fourth Amendment, Song Richardson
Arrest Efficiency And The Fourth Amendment, Song Richardson
Articles in Law Reviews & Other Academic Journals
In recent years, legal scholars have utilized the science of implicit social cognition to reveal how unconscious biases affect perceptions, behaviors, and judgments. Employing this science, scholars critique legal doctrine and challenge courts to take accurate theories of human behavior into account or to explain their failure to do so. Largely absent from this important conversation, however, are Fourth Amendment scholars. This void is surprising because the lessons of implicit social cognition can contribute much to understanding police behavior, especially as it relates to arrest efficiency or hit rates - the rates at which police find evidence of criminal activity …
Expanding The Scope Of The Good-Faith Exception To The Exclusionary Rule To Include A Law Enforcement Officer's Reasonable Reliance On Well-Settled Case Law That Is Subsequently Overruled, Ross Oklewicz
Articles in Law Reviews & Journals
In 2009, the Supreme Court handed down several important decisions on criminal procedure. Perhaps unanticipated at the time, two of those decisions have been read together by lower courts to reach dramatically different results. The emerging split has been sharp, bringing with it urgent calls for the Court to intervene.
Laying the foundation for the conflicting decisions was New York v. Belton, in which the Supreme Court held that “when a policeman has made a lawful custodial arrest of the occupant of an automobile, he may, as a contemporaneous incident of that arrest, search the passenger compartment of the automobile” …
Gant And The Good-Faith Exception, Karly A. Kauf
Gant And The Good-Faith Exception, Karly A. Kauf
American University Criminal Law Brief
No abstract provided.
Say Cheese! Examining The Constitutionality Of Photostops, Molly Bruder
Say Cheese! Examining The Constitutionality Of Photostops, Molly Bruder
American University Law Review
No abstract provided.
Reforming Fourth Amendment Privacy Doctrine, Jim Harper
Reforming Fourth Amendment Privacy Doctrine, Jim Harper
American University Law Review
No abstract provided.
The "High-Crime Area" Question: Requiring Verifiable And Quantifiable Evidence For Fourth Amendment Reasonable Suspicion Analysis [Pdf], Andrew Guthrie Ferguson, Damien Bernache
The "High-Crime Area" Question: Requiring Verifiable And Quantifiable Evidence For Fourth Amendment Reasonable Suspicion Analysis [Pdf], Andrew Guthrie Ferguson, Damien Bernache
American University Law Review
This article proposes a legal framework to analyze the "high crime area" concept in Fourth Amendment reasonable suspicion challenges. Under existing Supreme Court precedent, reviewing courts are allowed to consider that an area is a "high crime area" as a factor to evaluate the reasonableness of a Fourth Amendment stop. See Illinois v. Wardlow, 528 U.S. 119 (2000). However, the Supreme Court has never defined a "high crime area" and lower courts have not reached consensus on a definition. There is no agreement on what a "high-crime area" is, whether it has geographic boundaries, whether it changes over time, whether …
United States V. Drayton: Supreme Court Upholds Standards For Police Conduct During Bus Searches, Andera K. Mitchell
United States V. Drayton: Supreme Court Upholds Standards For Police Conduct During Bus Searches, Andera K. Mitchell
American University Law Review
No abstract provided.
The Bill Of Rights And The Constitution: Facing The Challenge Of The Future, Stephen Wermiel
The Bill Of Rights And The Constitution: Facing The Challenge Of The Future, Stephen Wermiel
Articles in Law Reviews & Other Academic Journals
No abstract provided.
Race, Cops, And Traffic Stops, Angela J. Davis
Race, Cops, And Traffic Stops, Angela J. Davis
Articles in Law Reviews & Other Academic Journals
This article discusses the Supreme Court's failure to provide a clear and effective remedy for discriminatory pretextual traffic stops. The first part explores the discretionary nature of pretextual stops and their discriminatory effect on African-Americans and Latinos. Then, the article examines Whren v. United States, a Supreme Court case in which the petitioners claimed that these “pretextual stops” violate the Fourth Amendment to the Constitution and are racially discriminatory. The Supreme Court rejected the claim, upholding the constitutionality of pretextual stops based on probable cause and noting that claims of racial discrimination must be challenged under the Equal Protection Clause. …