Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Institution
-
- Selected Works (173)
- William & Mary Law School (46)
- Villanova University Charles Widger School of Law (20)
- Maurer School of Law: Indiana University (6)
- American University Washington College of Law (5)
-
- University of Maryland Francis King Carey School of Law (4)
- Pepperdine University (3)
- SJ Quinney College of Law, University of Utah (3)
- Seattle University School of Law (3)
- SelectedWorks (3)
- Touro University Jacob D. Fuchsberg Law Center (3)
- University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Law (3)
- Washington and Lee University School of Law (3)
- University of Florida Levin College of Law (2)
- BLR (1)
- Boston University School of Law (1)
- Case Western Reserve University School of Law (1)
- Columbia Law School (1)
- Florida State University College of Law (1)
- Fordham Law School (1)
- Loyola University Chicago, School of Law (1)
- Marquette University Law School (1)
- New York Law School (1)
- Notre Dame Law School (1)
- Penn State Dickinson Law (1)
- School of Education and Human Development at the University of Colorado Denver (1)
- University of Arkansas at Little Rock William H. Bowen School of Law (1)
- University of Colorado Law School (1)
- University of Michigan Law School (1)
- University of Nevada, Las Vegas -- William S. Boyd School of Law (1)
- Publication Year
- Publication
-
- Carmen G. Gonzalez (152)
- Villanova Law Review (20)
- William & Mary Law Review (13)
- William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal (11)
- Faculty Publications (10)
-
- William & Mary Journal of Race, Gender, and Social Justice (10)
- Derek W. Black (4)
- Indiana Law Journal (4)
- University of Maryland Law Journal of Race, Religion, Gender and Class (4)
- American University Law Review (3)
- Faculty Works (3)
- Seattle University Law Review (3)
- Supreme Court Case Files (3)
- Bertrall L Ross (2)
- Faculty Scholarship (2)
- Journal of Race, Gender, and Ethnicity (2)
- Neal E. Devins (2)
- Pepperdine Law Review (2)
- Popular Media (2)
- UF Law Faculty Publications (2)
- Utah Law Review (2)
- Aaron J Shuler (1)
- Alan J. Meese (1)
- All Faculty Scholarship (1)
- American University Journal of Gender, Social Policy & the Law (1)
- Articles (1)
- Articles in Law Reviews & Other Academic Journals (1)
- Cynthia V. Ward (1)
- Dickinson Law Review (2017-Present) (1)
- Donald J. Kochan (1)
- Publication Type
- File Type
Articles 1 - 30 of 297
Full-Text Articles in Law
Religious Liberty, Discriminatory Intent, And The Conservative Constitution, Luke Boso
Religious Liberty, Discriminatory Intent, And The Conservative Constitution, Luke Boso
Utah Law Review
The Supreme Court shocked the world at the end of its 2021–22 term by issuing landmark decisions ending constitutional protection for abortion rights, expanding gun rights, and weakening what remained of the wall between church and state. One thread uniting these cases that captured the public’s attention is the rhetoric common of originalism—a backwards-looking theory of constitutional interpretation focused on founding-era meaning and intent. This Article identifies the discriminatory intent doctrine as another powerful tool the Court is using to protect the social norms and hierarchies of a bygone era, and to build a conservative Constitution.
Discriminatory intent rose to …
The Legal Case For Equity In Local Climate Action Planning, Amy E. Turner
The Legal Case For Equity In Local Climate Action Planning, Amy E. Turner
Sabin Center for Climate Change Law
Over the last half decade, local climate action plans have regularly come to incorporate considerations of racial and socioeconomic equity, recognizing the ways in which low-income communities and communities of color experience earlier and worse consequences from global warming, and these communities are also at risk of being harmed by policies meant to address climate change. Until now, however, the discourse on equity in climate action planning has largely pertained to policy; it acknowledges the disproportionate harm that certain communities experience as a result of climate change and policies to address climate change, and suggests policy tools that can address …
Death By A Single Sentence, Danielle Dalporto
Death By A Single Sentence, Danielle Dalporto
The Reporter: Social Justice Law Center Magazine
No abstract provided.
No Child Left Behind Bars: Applying The Principles Of Strict Scrutiny When Sentencing Juveniles Tried As Adults, Max Chu
William & Mary Law Review
The Commonwealth of Virginia was the first in the nation to pass legislation that provides judges with the discretion to veer away from the mandatory minimum sentence and to impose trauma-informed and age-appropriate sentences for juvenile offenders convicted of felonies and tried as adults. Although Virginia’s new law, House Bill 744 (HB 744), is a pioneering step in the right direction, this Note argues that the law may now provide judges with too much discretion. In other words, HB 744 alone, without more guidance, does not go far enough to protect the rights of juvenile offenders.
Therefore, this Note proposes …
Truth And Reconciliation: The Ku Klux Klan Hearings Of 1871 And The Genesis Of Section 1983, Tiffany R. Wright, Ciarra N. Carr, Jade W.P. Gasek
Truth And Reconciliation: The Ku Klux Klan Hearings Of 1871 And The Genesis Of Section 1983, Tiffany R. Wright, Ciarra N. Carr, Jade W.P. Gasek
Dickinson Law Review (2017-Present)
Over the course of seven months in 1871, Congress did something extraordinary for the time: It listened to Black people. At hearings in Washington, D.C. and throughout the former Confederate states, Black women and men—who just six years earlier were enslaved and barred from testifying in Southern courts—appeared before Congress to tell their stories. The stories were heartbreaking. After experiencing the joy of Emancipation and the initial hope of Reconstruction, they had been subjected to unspeakable horror at the hands of white terrorists. They had been raped and sexually humiliated. Their children and spouses murdered. They had been savagely beaten …
The Racist Roots Of The War On Drugs & The Myth Of Equal Protection For People Of Color, Steven A. Ramirez, Andre Douglas Pond Cummings
The Racist Roots Of The War On Drugs & The Myth Of Equal Protection For People Of Color, Steven A. Ramirez, Andre Douglas Pond Cummings
Faculty Publications & Other Works
By 2021, the costs and pain arising from the propagation of the American racial hierarchy reached such heights that calls for anti-racism and criminal justice reform dramatically expanded. The brutal murder of George Floyd by the Minneapolis police vividly proved that the social construction of race in America directly conflicted with supposed American values of equal protection under law and notions of basic justice. The racially-driven War on Drugs (WOD) fuels much of the dissonance between American legal mythology—such as the non-discrimination principle and the impartial administration of the rule of law—and the reality of race in the United States. …
Assessing Affirmative Action's Diversity Rationale, Kyle Rozema, Adam Chilton, Justin Driver, Jonathan S. Masur
Assessing Affirmative Action's Diversity Rationale, Kyle Rozema, Adam Chilton, Justin Driver, Jonathan S. Masur
Scholarship@WashULaw
Ever since Justice Lewis Powell’s opinion in Regents of the University of California v. Bakke made diversity in higher education a constitutionally acceptable rationale for affirmative action programs, the diversity rationale has received vehement criticism from across the ideological spectrum. Critics on the right argue that diversity efforts lead to “less meritorious” applicants being selected. Critics on the left charge that diversity is mere “subterfuge.” On the diversity rationale’s legitimacy, then, there is precious little diversity of thought. In particular, prominent scholars and jurists have cast doubt on the diversity rationale’s empirical foundations, claiming that it rests on an implausible …
The Epistemic Function Of Fusing Equal Protection And Due Process, Deborah Hellman
The Epistemic Function Of Fusing Equal Protection And Due Process, Deborah Hellman
William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal
The fusion of equal protection and due process has attracted significant attention with scholars offering varied accounts of its purpose and function. Some see the combination as productive, creating a constitutional violation that neither clause would generate alone. Others see the combination as merely strategic, offered to make a claim acceptable at a particular historical moment but not genuinely necessary. This Article offers a third alternative. Judges have and should bring both equal protection and due process together to learn what each clause independently requires. On this Epistemic vision of constitutional fusion, a focus on equality helps judges learn what …
Stop Punishing Our Kids: How Title Vii Can Protect Children Of Color In Public School’S Discipline Practices, Lizette Rodriguez
Stop Punishing Our Kids: How Title Vii Can Protect Children Of Color In Public School’S Discipline Practices, Lizette Rodriguez
Journal of the National Association of Administrative Law Judiciary
Section I of this comment considers the evolution of education in the United States and how American society dealt with racial discrimination in public schools in the past, and how those facts and decisions differ from the issues that students of color are facing today. Section II explains the Equal Protection Clause (EPC) and analyzes the seminal cases that demonstrate the power of the EPC and when it is appropriate to use it. Section III introduces Title VII and walks through violations of disparate impact discrimination and disparate treatment discrimination. Section IV explains what the Department of Education’s Civil Rights …
The Rhetoric Of Equality, Neal Devins
Commentary On Marriage Grants: Article Iii & Same-Sex Marriage, Neal Devins, Tara Leigh Grove
Commentary On Marriage Grants: Article Iii & Same-Sex Marriage, Neal Devins, Tara Leigh Grove
Tara L. Grove
No abstract provided.
The Limits Of "Liberal Republicanism": Why Group-Based Remedies And Republican Citizenship Don't Mix, Cynthia V. Ward
The Limits Of "Liberal Republicanism": Why Group-Based Remedies And Republican Citizenship Don't Mix, Cynthia V. Ward
Cynthia V. Ward
No abstract provided.
Q: Will The Supreme Court Intervention In Florida Fail The Test Of Time?, Ira Glasser, Alan J. Meese
Q: Will The Supreme Court Intervention In Florida Fail The Test Of Time?, Ira Glasser, Alan J. Meese
Alan J. Meese
No abstract provided.
Commentary On Marriage Grants: Article Iii & Same-Sex Marriage, Neal Devins, Tara Leigh Grove
Commentary On Marriage Grants: Article Iii & Same-Sex Marriage, Neal Devins, Tara Leigh Grove
Neal E. Devins
No abstract provided.
Embracing Race-Conscious College Admissions Programs: How Fisher V. University Of Texas At Austin Redefines "Affirmative Action" As A Holistic Approach To Admissions That Ensures Equal, Not Preferential, Treatment, Nancy L. Zisk
Nancy L. Zisk
In Fisher v. University of Texas at Austin, the United States Supreme Court affirmed well-established Supreme Court doctrine that race may be considered when a college or university decides whom to admit and whom to reject, as long as the consideration of race is part of a narrowly tailored holistic consideration of an applicant's many distinguishing features. The Court's latest decision heralds a new way of thinking about holistic race-conscious admissions programs. Rather than considering them as "affirmative action" plans that prefer any one applicant to the disadvantage of another, they should be viewed as the Court has described …
The Resistance & The Stubborn But Unsurprising Persistence Of Hate And Extremism In The United States, Jeannine Bell
The Resistance & The Stubborn But Unsurprising Persistence Of Hate And Extremism In The United States, Jeannine Bell
Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies
Though the far right has a long history in the United States, the presidential campaign and then election of Donald Trump brought the movement out of the shadows. This article will analyze the rise in White supremacist activity in the United States-from well-publicized mass actions like the White supremacist march in Charlottesville in August 2017 to individual acts of violence happening since November 2016. This article focuses on contextualizing such incidents within this contemporary period and argues that overt expressions of racism and racist violence are nothing new. The article closes with a call to strengthen the current legal remedies …
Antidiscriminatory Algorithms, Stephanie Bornstein
Antidiscriminatory Algorithms, Stephanie Bornstein
UF Law Faculty Publications
Can algorithms be used to advance equality goals in the workplace? A handful of legal scholars have raised concerns that the use of big data at work may lead to protected class discrimination that could fall outside the reach of current antidiscrimination law. Existing scholarship suggests that, because algorithms are “facially neutral,” they pose no problem of unequal treatment. As a result, algorithmic discrimination cannot be challenged using a disparate treatment theory of liability under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Title VII). Instead, it presents a problem of unequal outcomes, subject to challenge using Title VII’s …
The New Jim Crow’S Equal Protection Potential, Katherine Macfarlane
The New Jim Crow’S Equal Protection Potential, Katherine Macfarlane
William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal
In 1954, the Supreme Court’s Brown v. Board of Education opinion relied on social science research to overturn Plessy v. Ferguson’s separate but equal doctrine. Since Brown, social science research has been considered by the Court in cases involving equal protection challenges to grand jury selection, death penalty sentences, and affirmative action. In 2016, Justice Sotomayor cited an influential piece of social science research, Michelle Alexander’s The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness, in her powerful Utah v. Strieff dissent. Sotomayor contended that the Court’s holding overlooked the unequal racial impact of suspicionless …
Equal Protection And Scrutinizing Scrutiny: The Supreme Court’S Decision In Sessions V. Morales-Santana, Jonathan Burt
Equal Protection And Scrutinizing Scrutiny: The Supreme Court’S Decision In Sessions V. Morales-Santana, Jonathan Burt
Utah Law Review
This Note attempts to synthesize the cases on 8 U.S.C. § 1409(c) and provide a workable framework for intermediate scrutiny in the equal protection realm. Intermediate scrutiny, like all levels of scrutiny, is an ends-means balancing test. Under intermediate scrutiny, the ends must be “important.” The interest cannot be “hypothetical” or “invented post hoc in response to litigation.”234 Instead, it must be the actual reason behind the statutory classification and this must be clearly demonstrated by the government. On the other side, the means must “substantially relate” to the asserted interest. The means chosen cannot result from overbroad assumptions about …
Embracing The Chinese Exclusion Case: An International Law Approach To Racial Exclusions, Lauri Kai
Embracing The Chinese Exclusion Case: An International Law Approach To Racial Exclusions, Lauri Kai
William & Mary Law Review
No abstract provided.
Prisoner's Rights And The Correctional Scheme: The Legal Controversy And Problems Of Implementation - A Symposium - Introduction, Donald W. Dowd
Prisoner's Rights And The Correctional Scheme: The Legal Controversy And Problems Of Implementation - A Symposium - Introduction, Donald W. Dowd
Donald W. Dowd
No abstract provided.
Has The Future Already Been Forgotten? A Post-2007 Transgender Legal History Told Through The Eyes Of The Late, (Rarely) Great Employment Non-Discrimination Act, Katrina C. Rose
William & Mary Journal of Race, Gender, and Social Justice
No abstract provided.
Embracing Race-Conscious College Admissions Programs: How Fisher V. University Of Texas At Austin Redefines "Affirmative Action" As A Holistic Approach To Admissions That Ensures Equal, Not Preferential, Treatment, Nancy L. Zisk
Marquette Law Review
In Fisher v. University of Texas at Austin, the United States Supreme Court affirmed well-established Supreme Court doctrine that race may be considered when a college or university decides whom to admit and whom to reject, as long as the consideration of race is part of a narrowly tailored holistic consideration of an applicant's many distinguishing features. The Court's latest decision heralds a new way of thinking about holistic race-conscious admissions programs. Rather than considering them as "affirmative action" plans that prefer any one applicant to the disadvantage of another, they should be viewed as the Court has described …
"To Help, Not To Hurt": Justice Thomas's Equality Canon, Nicole Stelle Garnett, William S. Consovoy
"To Help, Not To Hurt": Justice Thomas's Equality Canon, Nicole Stelle Garnett, William S. Consovoy
Journal Articles
To comprehend Justice Thomas’s views on racial equality requires an understanding of how his life experiences influence his approach to questions of race and the law. Recurring themes in his opinions about racial equality include his belief that racial preferences stigmatize their beneficiaries, his concern that the prevailing notion that racial integration is necessary to black achievement is rooted in a presumption of racial inferiority, his worry that affirmative action efforts provide cover for the failure to address the urgent needs of disadvantaged Americans, and his knowledge that seemingly benign policies can mask illicit motives. Finally, Justice Thomas contends that …
Anti-Gay Curriculum Laws, Clifford Rosky
Anti-Gay Curriculum Laws, Clifford Rosky
Utah Law Faculty Scholarship
Since the Supreme Court’s invalidation of anti-gay marriage laws, scholars and advocates have begun discussing what issues the LGBT movement should prioritize next. This article joins that dialogue by developing the framework for a national campaign to invalidate anti-gay curriculum laws—statutes that prohibit or restrict the discussion of homosexuality in public schools. These laws are artifacts of a bygone era in which official discrimination against LGBT people was both lawful and rampant. But they are far more prevalent than others have recognized. In the existing literature, scholars and advocates have referred to these provisions as “no promo homo” laws and …
Environmental Racism, American Exceptionalism, And Cold War Human Rights, Carmen G. Gonzalez
Environmental Racism, American Exceptionalism, And Cold War Human Rights, Carmen G. Gonzalez
Carmen G. Gonzalez
Environmental Racism, American Exceptionalism, And Cold War Human Rights, Carmen G. Gonzalez
Environmental Racism, American Exceptionalism, And Cold War Human Rights, Carmen G. Gonzalez
Carmen G. Gonzalez
Environmental Racism, American Exceptionalism, And Cold War Human Rights, Carmen G. Gonzalez
Environmental Racism, American Exceptionalism, And Cold War Human Rights, Carmen G. Gonzalez
Carmen G. Gonzalez
Environmental Racism, American Exceptionalism, And Cold War Human Rights, Carmen G. Gonzalez
Environmental Racism, American Exceptionalism, And Cold War Human Rights, Carmen G. Gonzalez
Carmen G. Gonzalez
Environmental Racism, American Exceptionalism, And Cold War Human Rights, Carmen G. Gonzalez