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Articles 1 - 30 of 51
Full-Text Articles in Law
Employment Discrimination: Recent Developments In The Supreme Court (Symposium: The Supreme Court And Local Government Law: The 1992-93 Term), Eileen Kaufman
Employment Discrimination: Recent Developments In The Supreme Court (Symposium: The Supreme Court And Local Government Law: The 1992-93 Term), Eileen Kaufman
Eileen Kaufman
At a symposium entitled, “The Supreme Court and Local Government Law; The 1992/93 Term”, Professor Eileen Kaufman spoke about the cases involving employment discrimination that were decided during that particular Term, Hazen Paper Company v. Biggins and St. Mary's Honor Center v. Hicks. While Hazen is an age discrimination case and St. Mary's is a Title VII case, they can be viewed as companion cases which serve to explain what an employment discrimination plaintiff must now establish when attempting to prove disparate treatment by indirect evidence. By way of preview, suffice it to say that plaintiff's task has been made …
Categorically Black, White, Or Wrong: 'Misperception Discrimination' And The State Of Title Vii Protection, D. Wendy Greene
Categorically Black, White, Or Wrong: 'Misperception Discrimination' And The State Of Title Vii Protection, D. Wendy Greene
University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform
This Article exposes an inconspicuous, categorically wrong movement within antidiscrimination law. A band of federal courts have denied Title VII protection to individuals who allege “categorical discrimination”: invidious, differential treatment on the basis of race, religion, color, national origin, or sex. Per these courts, a plaintiff who self-identifies as Christian but is misperceived as Muslim cannot assert an actionable claim under Title VII if she suffers an adverse employment action as a result of this misperception and related animus. Though Title VII expressly prohibits discrimination on the basis of religion, courts have held that such a plaintiff’s claim of “misperception …
Saving Disparate Impact, Lawrence Rosenthal
Opening The Doors To The Local Courthouse: Maryland’S New Private Right Of Action For Employment Discrimination, Deborah Thompson Eisenberg
Opening The Doors To The Local Courthouse: Maryland’S New Private Right Of Action For Employment Discrimination, Deborah Thompson Eisenberg
Deborah Thompson Eisenberg
No abstract provided.
Gay Talk: Protecting Free Speech For Public School Teachers, Stephen J. Elkind, Peter D. Kauffman
Gay Talk: Protecting Free Speech For Public School Teachers, Stephen J. Elkind, Peter D. Kauffman
Stephen J Elkind
In Garcetti v. Ceballos, the Supreme Court held that public employees are not entitled to free speech when speaking “pursuant to their official duties.” In most situations, this strips teachers of First Amendment protection when they discuss controversial subjects, such as homosexuality, with their students. To ensure their classrooms are tolerant and accepting environments for homosexual and questioning youth, teachers need free speech protection against adverse employment action their schools might take. The Garcetti Court, acknowledging that “expression related to academic scholarship and classroom instruction implicates” unique constitutional concerns, explicitly left open whether its decision applied in the education …
Work Wives, Laura A. Rosenbury
Work Wives, Laura A. Rosenbury
UF Law Faculty Publications
Traditional notions of male and female roles remain tenacious at home and work even in the face of gender-neutral family laws and robust employment discrimination laws. This Article analyzes the challenge of gender tenacity through the lens of the “work wife.” The continued use of the marriage metaphor at work reveals that the dynamics of marriage flow between home and work, creating a feedback loop that inserts gender into both domains in multiple ways. This phenomenon may reinforce gender stereotypes, hindering the potential of law to achieve gender equality. But such gender tenacity need not always lead to subordination. The …
Marital Status And Privilege, Laura A. Rosenbury
Marital Status And Privilege, Laura A. Rosenbury
UF Law Faculty Publications
This essay challenges the privilege attaching to marriage as a distinct form of relationship. Responding to Angela Onwuachi-Willig’s new book, According to Our Hearts: Rhinelander v. Rhinelander and the Law of the Multiracial Family, the essay identifies the legal and extralegal privileges flowing not just to monoracial marriage but to marriage. States recognize and support one form of relationship between adults to the exclusion of all others, creating privilege that flows outside of the home into the workplace and beyond. Instead of arguing that such privilege should be distributed more equally between monoracial and multiracial couples, this essay seeks …
Class Action Litigation After Dukes: In Search Of A Remedy For Gender Discrimination In Employment, Cindy A. Schipani, Terry Morehead Dworkin
Class Action Litigation After Dukes: In Search Of A Remedy For Gender Discrimination In Employment, Cindy A. Schipani, Terry Morehead Dworkin
University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform
In this Article we argue for substantial reforms to our system of combating workplace gender discrimination in light of the Supreme Court's ruling in Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. v. Dukes. To help counter discrimination victims' decreasing access to the courts, our proposals call for a narrow construction of the holding of Dukes. At the same time, agencies such as the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), the Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs (OFCCP), and the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) can better use their regulatory authority to address gender discrimination. Further, regulatory agencies, arbitrators, and courts can mandate mentoring programs to …
The Ugly Truth About Appearance Discrimination And The Beauty Of Our Employment Discrimination Law, William R. Corbett
The Ugly Truth About Appearance Discrimination And The Beauty Of Our Employment Discrimination Law, William R. Corbett
William R. Corbett
The keynote speaker for the conference begins by reminding the audience that a mere quarter of a century earlier there was no federal law that expressly prohibited discrimination in employment based on physical appearance. Considering the difficulty of crafting and enacting an appearance-based employment discrimination law should lead to a fuller appreciation of not only our employment discrimination laws generally, but also the Americans with Disabilities Act specifically.
Book Review - Schlei And Grossman: Employment Discrimination Law, R. Wayne Estes
Book Review - Schlei And Grossman: Employment Discrimination Law, R. Wayne Estes
Pepperdine Law Review
No abstract provided.
Employment Discrimination And The Assumption Of Equality, Michael Evan Gold
Employment Discrimination And The Assumption Of Equality, Michael Evan Gold
Michael Evan Gold
The assumption of equality undergirds the American law of employment discrimination. The assumption is that racial and sexual classes are equally qualified for jobs. Although it has sometimes been ignored, and can be rebutted in a specific case, the assumption of equality is fundamental to the law of nondiscrimination. Proof of discrimination in a class action, whether based on disparate treatment or disparate impact, requires the assumption. The assumption is so strong in this context that when the Supreme Court weakened it recently, Congress promptly reinforced it. The assumption of equality is also a crucial element of the law of …
The Application Of Anti-Discrimination Laws To Religious Institutions: The Irresistible Force Meets The Immovable Object, Oliver S. Thomas
The Application Of Anti-Discrimination Laws To Religious Institutions: The Irresistible Force Meets The Immovable Object, Oliver S. Thomas
Journal of the National Association of Administrative Law Judiciary
No abstract provided.
Paternalistic Discrimination: The Chevron Deference Misplaced In Chevron U.S.A., Inc. V. Echazabal, Tricia M. Patterson
Paternalistic Discrimination: The Chevron Deference Misplaced In Chevron U.S.A., Inc. V. Echazabal, Tricia M. Patterson
Journal of the National Association of Administrative Law Judiciary
No abstract provided.
Election Of Remedies In Kentucky Employment Discrimination Cases - Dead Or Alive?, Rainbow Forbes
Election Of Remedies In Kentucky Employment Discrimination Cases - Dead Or Alive?, Rainbow Forbes
Journal of the National Association of Administrative Law Judiciary
No abstract provided.
The Uncertain Impact Of Wal-Mart V. Dukes, Michael Harper
The Uncertain Impact Of Wal-Mart V. Dukes, Michael Harper
Faculty Scholarship
It has been less than two years since the Supreme Court’s controversial decision in Wal-Mart v. Dukes, 131 S.Ct. 2541 (2011). During this short period the Court’s opinion has been interpreted by numerous lower courts. It also, not surprisingly, has been the subject of a substantial amount of commentary in law reviews and numerous proposals for legislative reform to restore a promise of class action challenges to employment discrimination that the Dukes decision allegedly shattered. Drawing from this commentary, I would choose these two very different articles as useful guides for tracking the impact of Dukes on employment discrimination class …
An Overview Of Whistleblower Protection Claims At The United States Department Of Labor, William Dorsey
An Overview Of Whistleblower Protection Claims At The United States Department Of Labor, William Dorsey
Journal of the National Association of Administrative Law Judiciary
This article gives an overview of whistleblower protection adjudications at the U.S. Department of Labor's Office of Administrative Law Judges. Section I introduces the whistleblower protection statutes that give rise to the complaints adjudicated by the Secretary of Labor. Section II reviews earlier statutes that have protected employees from job retaliation and identifies several whistleblower statutes the Secretary of Labor does not administer, but refers to for guidance in interpreting and applying her employee protection programs; these statutes may permit judicial remedies. Section III familiarizes the reader with key concepts in whistleblower protection litigation. Among these are the need to …
What The Awards Tell Us About Labor Arbitration Of Employment Discrimination Claims, Ariana R. Levinson
What The Awards Tell Us About Labor Arbitration Of Employment Discrimination Claims, Ariana R. Levinson
University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform
This Article contributes to the debate over mandatory arbitration of employment-discrimination claims in the unionized sector. In light of the proposed prohibition on union waivers in the Arbitration Fairness Act, this debate has significant practical implications. Fundamentally, the Article is about access to justice. It examines 160 labor arbitration opinions and awards in employment-discrimination cases. The author concludes that labor arbitration is a forum in which employment-discrimination claims can be-and, in some cases, are-successfully resolved. Based upon close examination of the opinions and awards, the Article recommends legislative improvements in certain cases targeting statutes of limitations, compulsory process, remedies, class …
Class Actions, Heightened Commonality, And Declining Access To Justice, A. Benjamin Spencer
Class Actions, Heightened Commonality, And Declining Access To Justice, A. Benjamin Spencer
Scholarly Articles
A prerequisite to being certified as a class under Rule 23 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure is that there are "questions of law or fact common to the class." Although this “commonality” requirement had heretofore been regarded as something that was easily satisfied, in Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. v. Dukes the Supreme Court gave it new vitality by reading into it an obligation to identify among the class a common injury and common questions that are "central" to the dispute. Not only is such a reading of Rule 23’s commonality requirement unsupported by the text of the rule, but …
Intellectual Property And Employee Selection, Elizabeth A. Rowe
Intellectual Property And Employee Selection, Elizabeth A. Rowe
UF Law Faculty Publications
In today’s marketplace, companies from Disney to Hooters are increasingly integrating their image into the service that they provide. This has come to be known as “branded service.” The human wearing the trade dress merges with the brand image. When a company chooses this strategy to differentiate itself from its competitors in the marketplace, it will often incorporate some intellectual property, and the result then necessarily influences hiring decisions. If a business decides not to hire a prospective employee because she does not fit the company’s image, and that decision is challenged under the antidiscrimination laws, to what extent should …
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission V. Wyoming: Appomattox Courthouse Revisited , Richard M. Stephens
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission V. Wyoming: Appomattox Courthouse Revisited , Richard M. Stephens
Pepperdine Law Review
A highly divided Court again addressed the relatively new doctrine in constitutional law: state exemption from federal regulations due to the concept of federalism. Although the Court applied the tests from National League of Cities v. Usury and its progeny, the Court reached a different result which, without expressly overruling that controversial case, severely limited National League of Cities to its facts. The hope of modern states' rights advocates proved to be short lived.
The Imperative Of Instructing On Pretext: A Comment On William J. Volmer's Pretext In Employment Discrimination Litigation. Mandatory Instructions For Permissible Inferences?, C. Elizabeth Belmont
The Imperative Of Instructing On Pretext: A Comment On William J. Volmer's Pretext In Employment Discrimination Litigation. Mandatory Instructions For Permissible Inferences?, C. Elizabeth Belmont
C. Elizabeth Belmont
No abstract provided.
Introduction: Trial By Jury Or Trial By Motion? Summary Judgment, Iqbal, And Employment Discrimination, Arthur S. Leonard
Introduction: Trial By Jury Or Trial By Motion? Summary Judgment, Iqbal, And Employment Discrimination, Arthur S. Leonard
Articles & Chapters
No abstract provided.
Bathroom Bias: Making The Case For Trans Rights Under Disability Law, Daniella A. Schmidt
Bathroom Bias: Making The Case For Trans Rights Under Disability Law, Daniella A. Schmidt
Michigan Journal of Gender & Law
Disability law is one of the more successful tools currently being used to protect trans people fom discrimination. While the use of disability law as a framework for affirming or creating trans rights has come with some success, many in the community remain reluctant to use disability law for fear of the policy implications and stigma associated with medicalization of trans identity. After exploring the current state of the law on both the federal and state level, this Note will argue how disability law both could and should be used more often to further trans protections. In particular, this Note …
Flexible Scheduling And Gender Equiality: The Working Families Flexibility Act Under The Fourteenth Amendment, Lane C. Powell
Flexible Scheduling And Gender Equiality: The Working Families Flexibility Act Under The Fourteenth Amendment, Lane C. Powell
Michigan Journal of Gender & Law
The Working Families Flexibility Act (“WFFA”) as proposed in 2012 would create a federal right for employees to request flexible work arrangements. However, the bill contains no private right of action for employees to enforce this new right. By reframing the WFFA as an anti-discrimination statute targeting unconstitutional sex discrimination on the part of the States, the WFFA could be upheld under Section 5 of the Fourteenth Amendment, allowing Congress to provide a private right of action for both private and state employees. This Note uses the Supreme Court’s decisions on the Family Medical Leave Act in Hibbs and Coleman …
Retaliatory Disclosure: When Identifying The Complainant Is An Adverse Action, Jamie Darin Prenkert, Julie Manning Magid, Allison Fetter-Harrott
Retaliatory Disclosure: When Identifying The Complainant Is An Adverse Action, Jamie Darin Prenkert, Julie Manning Magid, Allison Fetter-Harrott
Jamie D Prenkert
Sometimes the possibility of being publicly identified as a complainant will be enough to discourage a person from complaining. That is especially true when being identified as a complainant exposes her to a greater likelihood of reprisal. This paper addresses the circumstances when such publicity can be deemed materially adverse, such that it ought to be sufficient to support a claim of retaliation. We focus on the particular context of claims of employment discrimination, especially pursuant to Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act. When an employee or applicant for employment files a charge of discrimination with the Equal …
Bullying Across The Lifecourse: Redefining Boundaries, Responsibility, And Harm, Nancy J. Knauer
Bullying Across The Lifecourse: Redefining Boundaries, Responsibility, And Harm, Nancy J. Knauer
Nancy J. Knauer
Over the last fifteen years, our understanding of bullying has experienced a radical redefinition. In our schools, universities, workplaces, and assisted living facilities, behavior that we once dismissed as “horseplay” or “teasing” has increasingly been labeled as unacceptable and, in some instances, criminal. We seem to have reached one of those societal tipping points where certain behaviors we once took for granted are no longer acceptable. Not that long ago, sexual harassment was simply the cost of being female in the workplace, but the 1980s saw a period of redefinition when sexual harassment was reinterpreted and understood to be a …
Stopped At The Starting Gate: The Overuse Of Summary Judgment In Equal Pay Cases, Deborah Thompson Eisenberg
Stopped At The Starting Gate: The Overuse Of Summary Judgment In Equal Pay Cases, Deborah Thompson Eisenberg
Faculty Scholarship
Prepared for a symposium about the overuse of summary judgment in employment discrimination cases, this Article provides a grassroots empirical analysis of what is happening in equal pay cases on the front lines of the district courts. Analyzing a database of 500 federal district court decisions—both published and unpublished—that considered whether to grant summary judgment on an equal pay claim from 2000 to 2011, the review shows that dismissing equal pay claims at the summary judgment stage has become the modus operandi for most federal courts. Courts granted 68% of summary judgment motions in equal pay cases—meaning that only about …
“Only Procedural”: Oughts On The Substantive Law Dimensions Of Preliminary Procedural Decisions In Employment Discrimination Cases, Elizabeth M. Schneider, Hon. Nancy Gertner
“Only Procedural”: Oughts On The Substantive Law Dimensions Of Preliminary Procedural Decisions In Employment Discrimination Cases, Elizabeth M. Schneider, Hon. Nancy Gertner
NYLS Law Review
No abstract provided.
Summary Judgment In Employment Discrimination Cases: A Judge’S Perspective, Hon. Denny Chin
Summary Judgment In Employment Discrimination Cases: A Judge’S Perspective, Hon. Denny Chin
NYLS Law Review
No abstract provided.
Teaching The Post-Sex Generation, Kerri Lynn Stone
Teaching The Post-Sex Generation, Kerri Lynn Stone
Faculty Publications
There is a trend that I have observed in the course of leading my classes in discussions about the kinds of behavior that may constitute unlawful discrimination: the emergence of an attitude among students that society is simply “post-sex,” or no longer in need of most or all anti-sex discrimination jurisprudence. This Article details my own approach to teaching and to raising and conducting discussions about how anti-discrimination legislation and jurisprudence works in theory, in practice, and how it would/could work in an ideal world. I enjoy teaching students with a diversity of viewpoints. However, when I began to encounter …