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Articles 1 - 30 of 215
Full-Text Articles in Law
Aiding And Abetting Under The Antiterrorism Act: Despite Statutory Silence, Why Extending Liability To Aiders And Abettors Of International Terrorism Furthers Congressional Intent To Compensate Plaintiffs And Defeat Terrorist Financial Pathways, Jesse Snyder
Jesse Snyder
No abstract provided.
Blatant Bribery Or Locally Lawful?: Is The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act’S “Local Laws” Defense Extinct?, Erik J. King
Blatant Bribery Or Locally Lawful?: Is The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act’S “Local Laws” Defense Extinct?, Erik J. King
Erik J King
Under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA), it is an affirmative defense if the payments in question were lawful under the written laws of a foreign country. This defense has been largely overlooked by commentators and used sparingly in the court system. This Note examines the utility of this defense, and finds that although the concept underlying the defense remains somewhat alive in certain types of foreign laws that could conceivably excuse a foreign investor, the defense has lost all practical value. U.S. judicial interpretations, multilateral efforts against similar exceptions in other anti-bribery laws, and the subsuming effect of other …
Anatomy Of A Constitutional Challenge To State Laws, Chuck Klein
Anatomy Of A Constitutional Challenge To State Laws, Chuck Klein
Chuck Klein
The issue that began in 1972 with a chance meeting at a cocktail party between myself, as a LEO, and my state senator. I did him a favor by advising him on a personal matter involving law enforcement. Twenty-five or so years later, he returned the favor, as Ohio Senate President, by forcing a concealed firearms vote. The actual case involved finding a person who was under arrest for CCW and would agree to fight the charge as a constitutional challenge (I he lost he knew he would not only go to prison, but would lose his right to own …
Where Did My Privilege Go? Congress And Its Discretion To Ignore The Attorney-Client Privilege, Don Berthiaume, Jeffrey Ansley
Where Did My Privilege Go? Congress And Its Discretion To Ignore The Attorney-Client Privilege, Don Berthiaume, Jeffrey Ansley
Don R Berthiaume
“The right to counsel is too important to be passed over for prosecutorial convenience or executive branch whimsy. It has been engrained in American jurisprudence since the 18th century when the Bill of Rights was adopted... However, the right to counsel is largely ineffective unless the confidential communications made by a client to his or her lawyer are protected by law.”[1] So said Senator Arlen Specter on February 13, 2009, just seven months before Congress chose to ignore the very privilege he lauded. Why then, if the right to counsel is as important as Senator Specter articulated, does Congress maintain …
Dea: Science And Law Unto Itself, John F. Kelly
30 = 20: ‘Understanding’ Maximum Sentence Enhancements, Frank R. Herrmann S.J.
30 = 20: ‘Understanding’ Maximum Sentence Enhancements, Frank R. Herrmann S.J.
Frank R. Herrmann, S.J.
In this article, Professor Herrmann argues that the due process protections of a criminal trial should apply to aggravating factors that under current “maximum-enhancing statutes” allow judges to impose lengthier punishments in the sentencing phase. Part I considers the Supreme Court's rationale for refusing to apply full due process safeguards to all types of sentencing schemes. This background will reveal the unique quality of maximum-enhancing statutes and establish why the due process protections of a criminal trial should apply to sentencing under maximum-enhancing statutes. Part I, therefore, undertakes to explain courts' rationales to deny criminal defendants full criminal due process …
Apprendi And The Dynamics Of Guilty Pleas, Stephanos Bibas
Apprendi And The Dynamics Of Guilty Pleas, Stephanos Bibas
All Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Counting Heads: Does The Existence Of A National Consensus Give Rise To A Substantive-Due-Process Right To A Particular Criminal Procedure?, Carrie Leonetti
Counting Heads: Does The Existence Of A National Consensus Give Rise To A Substantive-Due-Process Right To A Particular Criminal Procedure?, Carrie Leonetti
Carrie Leonetti
Anomalousness in a state’s criminal procedure(s), standing alone, is sufficient (to constitute a violation of substantive due process and that the substantive process due to a criminal defendant in a state with an anomalous criminal procedure is the process that would be provided to a similarly situated defendant in a mainstream jurisdiction. This does not mean that the fact that a majority of jurisdictions fails to afford a particular beneficial procedure to a criminal defendant means that such procedure is not guaranteed by due process. Nor is the recognition of a right by a majority of jurisdictions dispositive of whether …
Counting Heads: Does The Existence Of A National Consensus Give Rise To A Substantive-Due-Process Right To A Particular Criminal Procedure?, Carrie Leonetti
Counting Heads: Does The Existence Of A National Consensus Give Rise To A Substantive-Due-Process Right To A Particular Criminal Procedure?, Carrie Leonetti
Carrie Leonetti
Anomalousness in a state’s criminal procedure(s), standing alone, is sufficient (to constitute a violation of substantive due process and that the substantive process due to a criminal defendant in a state with an anomalous criminal procedure is the process that would be provided to a similarly situated defendant in a mainstream jurisdiction. This does not mean that the fact that a majority of jurisdictions fails to afford a particular beneficial procedure to a criminal defendant means that such procedure is not guaranteed by due process. Nor is the recognition of a right by a majority of jurisdictions dispositive of whether …
Counting Heads: Does The Existence Of A National Consensus Give Rise To A Substantive-Due-Process Right To A Particular Criminal Procedure?, Carrie Leonetti
Counting Heads: Does The Existence Of A National Consensus Give Rise To A Substantive-Due-Process Right To A Particular Criminal Procedure?, Carrie Leonetti
Carrie Leonetti
Anomalousness in a state’s criminal procedure(s), standing alone, is sufficient (to constitute a violation of substantive due process and that the substantive process due to a criminal defendant in a state with an anomalous criminal procedure is the process that would be provided to a similarly situated defendant in a mainstream jurisdiction. This does not mean that the fact that a majority of jurisdictions fails to afford a particular beneficial procedure to a criminal defendant means that such procedure is not guaranteed by due process. Nor is the recognition of a right by a majority of jurisdictions dispositive of whether …
Collateral Consequences Of Criminal Convictions: Confronting Issues Of Race And Dignity, Michael Pinard
Collateral Consequences Of Criminal Convictions: Confronting Issues Of Race And Dignity, Michael Pinard
Michael Pinard
This article explores the racial dimensions of the various collateral consequences that attach to criminal convictions in the United States. The consequences include ineligibility for public and government-assisted housing, public benefits and various forms of employment, as well as civic exclusions such as ineligibility for jury service and felon disenfranchisement. To test its hypothesis that these penalties, both historically and contemporarily, are rooted in race, the article looks to England and Wales, Canada and South Africa. These countries have criminal justice systems similar to the United States’, have been influenced significantly by United States’ criminal justice practices in recent years, …
An Integrated Perspective On The Collateral Consequences Of Criminal Convictions And Reentry Issues Faced By Formerly Incarcerated Individuals, Michael Pinard
An Integrated Perspective On The Collateral Consequences Of Criminal Convictions And Reentry Issues Faced By Formerly Incarcerated Individuals, Michael Pinard
Michael Pinard
This article examines the emergent focus on the collateral consequences of criminal convictions and the reentry of formerly incarcerated individuals. Specifically, the article details the ways in which legal scholars, policy analysts, elected officials, legal services organizations and community based organizations have begun to address these components of the criminal justice system. The article argues that these various groups have compartmentalized collateral consequences and reentry by focusing almost exclusively on one component to the exclusion of the other. In doing so, they have narrowed the lens through which to view these components, and have therefore missed opportunities to develop integrated …
Reflections And Perspectives On Reentry And Collateral Consequences, Michael Pinard
Reflections And Perspectives On Reentry And Collateral Consequences, Michael Pinard
Michael Pinard
This essay addresses the continued and dramatic increase in the numbers of individuals released from correctional institutions and returning to communities across the United States. It provides a brief history of the collateral consequences of criminal convictions, and the ways in which these consequences impede productive reentry. It then highlights national and state efforts to address to persistent reentry obstacles and to better understand the range and scope of collateral consequences. It concludes by offering suggestions for reform.
The Logistical And Ethical Difficulties Of Informing Juveniles About The Consequences Of Adjudications, Michael Pinard
The Logistical And Ethical Difficulties Of Informing Juveniles About The Consequences Of Adjudications, Michael Pinard
Michael Pinard
In this article, Professor Michael Pinard observes that the recent attention devoted to the collateral consequences of criminal convictions has overlooked the ways in which these consequences impact juvenile offenders. The article recognizes the emergent arguments for informing adult defendants of these consequences as part of the guilty plea or sentencing process, and argues that juvenile defendants should also be informed of the collateral consequences that attach to their adjudications. However, the article asserts that there are ethical and logistical questions unique to the juvenile justice process that would pose difficulties in conveying this information to juveniles. These issues (or …
Broadening The Holistic Mindset: Incorporating Collateral Consequences And Reentry Into Criminal Defense Lawyering, Michael Pinard
Broadening The Holistic Mindset: Incorporating Collateral Consequences And Reentry Into Criminal Defense Lawyering, Michael Pinard
Michael Pinard
In this article, Professor Michael Pinard highlights the holistic model of criminal defense representation, which seeks to address the myriad issues that often lead to the client’s involvement with the criminal justice system with the overarching goal of providing a comprehensive solution to those underlying factors. While lauding these developments, however, Professor Pinard argues that the holistic model has largely overlooked two facets of the criminal justice system that impact greatly the client’s life once the formal representation has concluded: the collateral consequences of criminal convictions and reentry. Professor Pinard explores the emerging attention devoted to these two components, but …
A Reentry-Centered Vision Of Criminal Justice, Michael Pinard
A Reentry-Centered Vision Of Criminal Justice, Michael Pinard
Michael Pinard
In recent years, record numbers of individuals have been released from U.S. correctional facilities and have reentered their communities. At present, approximately 650,000 individuals are released annually from U.S. federal and state prisons, while an estimated additional 7 million are released from its jails. In addition, the number of individuals with criminal records – whether or not they were incarcerated – continues to climb. At present, approximately 20 percent of adults in the United States have criminal records. Part I [of this article] details the shortcomings of current reentry practice. Part II sets forth a reentry-centered vision of criminal justice …
The Times They Are A-Changin’: The “Sexting” Problem And How The Intrusiveness Of A Cell Phone Search Determines The (Un)Constitutionality Of Suspicion-Based And Suspicionless Searches In The Public School Setting, Andrew T. Moore
Andrew T Moore
In the past decade cell phone use amongst teenagers has gone from luxury to perceived necessity. With the expanded abilities of modern cell phones, students are able to easily participate in social sexual behavior such as sending explicit images of themselves or others to other cell phone users, an activity known as “sexting.” While schools may want to do all they can to eradicate this behavior, school administrators must not violate the constitutional rights of their students in the process of doing so. When a school administrator comes to suspect “sexting” behavior, he or she must follow existing Fourth Amendment …
Arizona’S Support Our Law Enforcement And Safe Neighborhoods Act: Its Likely Consequences On Latino Communities And What To Do About Them, Elena Llamas
elena llamas
The U.S. has seen a recent wave of legislative efforts to empower state and local law enforcement officers with anti-illegal immigration responsibilities. The purpose of this article is to suggest community policing changes that police departments could enact to best enforce these types of laws and mantain good relations with Latinos.
Application Of Forensics Technology In Identification Of A Person, Vyacheslav Tulskikh
Application Of Forensics Technology In Identification Of A Person, Vyacheslav Tulskikh
Vyacheslav Tulskikh
SUMMARY Terrorism is the plague of the 21st century. In the man-made world of today, with its nuclear power plants, subways, airplanes, with accumulation of large numbers of people in one and the same place, terrorism (terror is Latin for fear and horror) poses serious threat not only to security of a certain state, but also to entire world community. Under these conditions, the measures to be taken against terrorists, including preventive measures, should ever be effective. In the article there have been considered various methods of identification of a person, including iris and retina recognition, fingerprint identification, hand and …
The Invisible Man: How The Sex Offender Registry Results In Social Death, Elizabeth B. Megale
The Invisible Man: How The Sex Offender Registry Results In Social Death, Elizabeth B. Megale
Elizabeth B. Megale
This Article establishes that overcriminalization serves to marginalize unwanted groups of society, and particularly regarding the sex offender registry, it results in social death. The author relies upon the notion of crime as a social construct to establish that the concept of “sex offense” changes over time as society and culture evolve. From there, the author incorporates the work of Michele Foucault involving the relationship of power, knowledge, and sexuality to show how the trend toward more repressive social controls over sex-related activity is related to a shift in this relationship. The Author identifies three characteristics and the associated traits …
When The Emperor Has No Clothes Ii: A Proposal For A More Serious Look At “The Weight Of The Evidence”, Carrie Leonetti
When The Emperor Has No Clothes Ii: A Proposal For A More Serious Look At “The Weight Of The Evidence”, Carrie Leonetti
Carrie Leonetti
While the Bail Reform Act and state statutes modeled after it command courts to consider the weight of the evidence in making pretrial release/detention decisions, as a practical matter, courts do not do so – at least not when the weight-of-the-evidence factor cuts in favor of release – and they should. In particular, courts should accord substantially more weight to the “weight of the evidence” factor in making or reviewing pretrial-detention determinations when one or more jury has already refused unanimously to convict the defendant of the crime(s) charged. Unless the prosecution has obtained significant, material new evidence between the …
When The Emperor Has No Clothes Ii: A Proposal For A More Serious Look At “The Weight Of The Evidence”, Carrie Leonetti
When The Emperor Has No Clothes Ii: A Proposal For A More Serious Look At “The Weight Of The Evidence”, Carrie Leonetti
Carrie Leonetti
While the Bail Reform Act and state statutes modeled after it command courts to consider the weight of the evidence in making pretrial release/detention decisions, as a practical matter, courts do not do so – at least not when the weight-of-the-evidence factor cuts in favor of release – and they should. In particular, courts should accord substantially more weight to the “weight of the evidence” factor in making or reviewing pretrial-detention determinations when one or more jury has already refused unanimously to convict the defendant of the crime(s) charged. Unless the prosecution has obtained significant, material new evidence between the …
When The Emperor Has No Clothes Ii: A Proposal For A More Serious Look At “The Weight Of The Evidence”, Carrie Leonetti
When The Emperor Has No Clothes Ii: A Proposal For A More Serious Look At “The Weight Of The Evidence”, Carrie Leonetti
Carrie Leonetti
While the Bail Reform Act and state statutes modeled after it command courts to consider the weight of the evidence in making pretrial release/detention decisions, as a practical matter, courts do not do so – at least not when the weight-of-the-evidence factor cuts in favor of release – and they should. In particular, courts should accord substantially more weight to the “weight of the evidence” factor in making or reviewing pretrial-detention determinations when one or more jury has already refused unanimously to convict the defendant of the crime(s) charged. Unless the prosecution has obtained significant, material new evidence between the …
When The Emperor Has No Clothes Ii: A Proposal For A More Serious Look At “The Weight Of The Evidence”, Carrie Leonetti
When The Emperor Has No Clothes Ii: A Proposal For A More Serious Look At “The Weight Of The Evidence”, Carrie Leonetti
Carrie Leonetti
While the Bail Reform Act and state statutes modeled after it command courts to consider the weight of the evidence in making pretrial release/detention decisions, as a practical matter, courts do not do so – at least not when the weight-of-the-evidence factor cuts in favor of release – and they should. In particular, courts should accord substantially more weight to the “weight of the evidence” factor in making or reviewing pretrial-detention determinations when one or more jury has already refused unanimously to convict the defendant of the crime(s) charged. Unless the prosecution has obtained significant, material new evidence between the …
Electronic Discovery: A Survey Of E-Discovery, Its Effect On Corporate Constitutional Rights And Why Corporations May Receive The Fifth Amendment Privilege Against Self-Incrimination During Parallel Civil And Criminal Litigation, Percy Arnell King
Percy Arnell King Esq.
Advancing technology has created more places to seek out relevant information than ever before which, has created a burden for corporations tasked with retaining this information to comply with applicable laws and the prospect of civil or criminal litigation. This article explores how the modern trend of storing information electronically and subsequent electronic discovery allowed in parallel civil and criminal trials is inherently unfair to corporations. Furthermore, corporations have been granted several rights derived from the Bill of Rights, and should also receive the Fifth Amendment privilege against self-incrimination.
Freezing Assets In The War On Terror: Ofac And The Fourth Amendment, Rebecca Kagan Sternhell
Freezing Assets In The War On Terror: Ofac And The Fourth Amendment, Rebecca Kagan Sternhell
Rebecca Kagan Sternhell
In 2001, President Bush issued Executive Order 13224 declaring a state of national emergency and triggering an array of emergency powers. Chief among these powers was the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (“IEEPA”), which permits the Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Asset Control (“OFAC”) to freeze the assets and accounts of suspected terrorists and their affiliates. Recently OFAC has gone after U.S. charities. Three US charities filed suit alleging Fourth Amendment violations. Each organization received a different judicial determination on the Fourth Amendment question. The paper discusses these three cases and demonstrates no consensus on the Fourth Amendment issue. There …
The Decision Zone: The New Stage Of Interrogation Created By Berghuis V. Thompkins, Meghan M. Morris
The Decision Zone: The New Stage Of Interrogation Created By Berghuis V. Thompkins, Meghan M. Morris
Meghan M Morris
This essay addresses a new stage of interrogation, approved of for the first time in the Supreme Court’s 2010 decision, Berghuis v. Thompkins. This stage – the “decision zone” – is the period, however brief or prolonged, after officers have read a suspect his rights but before the suspect has decided whether to waive or to invoke his rights. In Thompkins, the Supreme Court allowed interrogation during this stage, which lasted almost 3 hours in that case. Through this decision, the Supreme Court implicitly assented to prolonged interrogation before a suspect decides whether to invoke or to waive his rights, …
The Invisible Man: How The Sex Offender Registry Results In Social Death, Elizabeth B. Megale
The Invisible Man: How The Sex Offender Registry Results In Social Death, Elizabeth B. Megale
Elizabeth B. Megale
This Article establishes that overcriminalization serves to marginalize unwanted groups of society, and particularly regarding the sex offender registry, it results in social death. The author relies upon the notion of crime as a social construct to establish that the concept of “sex offense” changes over time as society and culture evolve. From there, the author incorporates the work of Michele Foucault involving the relationship of power, knowledge, and sexuality to show how the trend toward more repressive social controls over sex-related activity is related to a shift in this relationship. The Author identifies three characteristics and the associated traits …
The Decision Zone: The New Stage Of Interrogation Created By Berghuis V. Thompkins, Meghan M. Morris
The Decision Zone: The New Stage Of Interrogation Created By Berghuis V. Thompkins, Meghan M. Morris
Meghan M Morris
This essay addresses a new stage of interrogation, approved of for the first time in the Supreme Court’s 2010 decision, Berghuis v. Thompkins. This stage – the “decision zone” – is the period, however brief or prolonged, after officers have read a suspect his rights but before the suspect has decided whether to waive or to invoke his rights. In Thompkins, the Supreme Court allowed interrogation during this stage, which lasted almost 3 hours in that case. Through this decision, the Supreme Court implicitly assented to prolonged interrogation before a suspect decides whether to invoke or to waive his rights, …
Analysis Of Organizational Ethics, Evan Slavitt
Analysis Of Organizational Ethics, Evan Slavitt
Evan Slavitt
Whether an organization is ethical or not has become an increasingly important question both in public and legislative discourse as well as in the application of tort and criminal law. Historical approaches to organizational ethics have either attempted to evade the problem or sought to use paradigms developed for individuals. This Article reviews the various models that have already been proposed and explains why those models are unsatisfactory, focusing particularly on the attempts to articulate an organizational substitute for individual intent. The article then proposes a new framework that differentiates the various aspects of organizations and clarifies how ethical questions …