Law Commons^™

The Last Word Debate: How Social And Political Forces Shape Constitutional Values, Neal Devins

Popular Media

No abstract provided.

The Burdens Of Qualified Immunity: Summary Judgment And The Role Of Facts In Constitutional Tort Law , Alan K. Chen

American University Law Review

No abstract provided.

The Little Rock Crisis And Foreign Affairs: Race, Resistance, And The Image Of American Democracy, Mary L. Dudziak

Mary L. Dudziak

When President Dwight D. Eisenhower sent federal troops to Little Rock, Arkansas to enforce a school desegregation order at Central High School in the fall of 1957, more than racial equality was at issue. The image of American democracy was at stake. The Little Rock crisis played out on a world stage, as news media around the world covered the crisis. During the weeks of impasse leading up to Eisenhower's dramatic intervention, foreign critics questioned how the United States could argue that its democratic system of government was a model for others to follow when racial segregation was tolerated in …

The Second Time As Tragedy: The Assisted Suicide Cases And The Heritage Of Roe V. Wade, Seth F. Kreimer

All Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Suspect Linkage: The Interplay Of State Taxing And Spending Measures In The Application Of Constitutional Antidiscrimination Rules, Dan T. Coenen, Walter Hellerstein

Scholarly Works

This article examines an important and recurring question that courts frequently resolve, but rarely analyze: whether taxing and spending measures should be viewed together when a state imposes a nondiscriminatory tax but also affords relief to some taxpayers through government spending. The answer to this question will often determine whether the state's actions violate constitutional strictures against discriminatory taxation. The taxing measure and the spending measure will generally pass muster if viewed in isolation. After all, courts rarely invalidate nondiscriminatory taxing measures on constitutional grounds. And true government spending measures, if considered alone, plainly fall outside the reach of constitutional …

Exploring The Dark Matter Of Judicial Review: A Constitutional Census Of The 1990s, Seth F. Kreimer

William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal

Most debate about the power of judicial review proceeds as if courts primarily invoke the Constitution against the considered judgment of elected legislatures; most constitutional commentary focuses on confrontations between the United States Supreme Court and state or federal legislatures. In fact, the federal courts most often enforce constitutional norms against administrative agencies and street-level bureaucrats, and the norms are enforced not by the Supreme Court but by the federal trial courts. In this Article, Professor Kreimer surveys this "dark matter" of our constitutional universe.

The Article compares the 292 cases involving constitutional claims decided by the Supreme Court during …

Land Use Regulation And The Takings Clause: How Much Use Must An Owner Lose Before Being Entitled To Compensation Because The Government Has Taken The Property?, Patrick C. Mcginley

Law Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Relativism, Reflective Equilibrium, And Justice, Justin Schwartz

Justin Schwartz

THIS PAPER IS THE CO-WINNER OF THE FRED BERGER PRIZE IN PHILOSOPHY OF LAW FOR THE 1999 AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE BEST PUBLISHED PAPER IN THE PREVIOUS TWO YEARS.

The conflict between liberal legal theory and critical legal studies (CLS) is often framed as a matter of whether there is a theory of justice that the law should embody which all rational people could or must accept. In a divided society, the CLS critique of this view is overwhelming: there is no such justice that can command universal assent. But the liberal critique of CLS, that it degenerates into …

Litter Or Literature: Does The First Amendment Protect Littering Of Neighborhoods?, Stephen Durden

Stephen Durden

Pamphlets can be as simple as a single piece of paper or as voluminous as a small newspaper placed in a plastic bag. Each method of distribution engenders its own particular problems. The purpose of this Article is to examine the legal implications of pamphlet distribution, particularly distribution on residential property. Are these pamphlets litter or literature? Or, might they be called “litter-ature”--a combination of both? The first part of this Article sets forth some of the problems associated with the distribution of pamphlets, especially on residential property. The second part examines the First Amendment speech implications of distributing literature …

Taking Federalism Seriously: Lopez And The Partial-Birth Abortion Ban, David B. Kopel, Glenn Harlan Reynolds

David B Kopel

In United States v. Lopez, the United States Supreme Court struck down the federal Gun Free School Zones law as not within congressional power to regulate interstate commerce. This article examines post-Lopez jurisprudence regarding the permissible scope of federal criminal law. Analyzing a wide variety of federal criminal laws challenged in post-Lopez cases (including arson, robbery, gun possession, drugs, violence against women, and abortion clinic disruption), the article shows how courts have followed or evaded Lopez. Studying the proposed federal ban on partial birth abortions, the article suggests that the ban is not a lawful exercise of Congress' interstate commerce …

Desperately Ducking Slavery: Dred Scott And Contemporary Constitutional Theory, Mark A. Graber

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

The Worldwide Banning Of Schmiergeld: A Look At The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act On Its Twentieth Birthday, Stanley Sporkin

Northwestern Journal of International Law & Business

Many cynics viewed the United States' attempt to ban all forms of cor- porate bribery as another example of the federal government's taking on the role of Don Quixote and tilting at windmills. While the law may not have been taken seriously when it was first enacted, it is clear that it has assumed a prominent place among our federal criminal laws. According to a recent article in the Wall Street Journal, the FCPA remains "the world's toughest law against foreign bribes."9 This article will provide background as to how the law was conceived and will discuss the law's present …

Designing An Fcpa Compliance Program: Minimizing The Risks Of Improper Foreign Payments, Daniel L. Goelzer

Northwestern Journal of International Law & Business

Every U.S. company, public or private, that conducts operations out- side of the United States should devote serious consideration to creating and implementing an Foreign Corrupt Practices Act ("FCPA" or "Act") compli- ance program. In this context, an "FCPA compliance program" means a single, documented, corporate plan designed to reduce the likelihood that the company will engage in violations of the anti-bribery provisions of the FCPA, and to detect such violations and bring them to the attention of sen- ior management, if they occur.' A well-designed compliance program has obvious importance in educating employees concerning their responsibili- ties in this …

Constitutional Law - To Punish Or Not To Punish - That Is The Question - Taylor V. Cisneros: Addressing The Constitutional Prohibitions Against Civil Sanctions In The Third Circuit, Caroline J. Patterson

Villanova Law Review

No abstract provided.

Defending Sec And Doj Fcpa Investigations And Conducting Related Corporate Internal Investigations: The Triton Energy/Indonesia Sec Consent Decree Settlements, Arthur F. Mathews

Northwestern Journal of International Law & Business

This article will summarize the foreign bribery/corrupt foreign pay- ments provisions of the FCPA, briefly survey the related books and records and internal accounting controls provisions, analyze available defenses to civil and criminal FCPA charges, and explore sensitive substantive and strategic issues that arise in the defense of SEC and DOJ/grand jury investi- gations and in the conduct of related corporate internal investigations. This article will also analyze the recent SEC consent decree settlements in the Triton Energy/Indonesia case, and explore the types of defenses that might be pursued if an FCPA foreign payments case like Triton were litigated rather …

From Black And White To High Definition Equal Protection, Seth F. Kreimer

All Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

The Commerce Clause Post-Lopez: It's Not Dead Yet, Nicole Huberfeld

Law Faculty Scholarly Articles

This Note focuses on two important pieces of social-policy legislation that could be affected by United States v. Lopez: the Violence against Women Act (VAWA) and the Freedom of Access to Clinic Entrances Act (FACE). Conflicts exist in the lower federal courts regarding the constitutionality of both statutes, which were enacted under the Commerce Clause. This Note seeks to resolve the dispute in favor of upholding both acts. Part I surveys the major cases in the history of the Commerce Clause as they relate to social-policy legislation, up to and including Lopez. Part II discusses the conflicting cases in the …

Why Has The Fcpa Prospered, Lee C. Buchheit, Ralph Reisner

Northwestern Journal of International Law & Business

The international reaction to the Helms-Burton Act has been fierce.7 But even while the Helms-Burton debate has been raging, an earlier iece of U.S. legislation, the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA or Act), has garnered unexpected flattery from some of the same countries that have been so vigorous in denouncing the Helms-Burton Act. There are two pos- sible explanations for these different reactions.

Globalizing Sanctions Against Foreign Bribery: The Emergence Of A New International Legal Consensus, David A. Gantz

Northwestern Journal of International Law & Business

Part I of the article begins with a review of the rationale and key legal ele- ments of the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Part II describes recent efforts by the United States to convince other governments and firms of the need for binding, enforceable and universally accepted rules against corrupt payments to foreign public officials. Parts III and IV survey the activities of various governmental organizations and major private sector groups that support international efforts to effectively discourage foreign bribery, re- spectively. The key sections, Parts V and VI, describe, analyze and critique the two major international conventions, the …

International Financial Institutions Face The Corruption Eruption: If The Ifis Put Their Muscle And Money Where Their Mouth Is, The Corruption Eruption May Be Capped, James P. Jr. Wesberry

Northwestern Journal of International Law & Business

This article addresses what IFIs are doing, are not doing, and hopefully might do to help cap the corruption eruption sweeping our world. The article primarily relates the efforts of the World Bank in this area and briefly discusses efforts by other major IFIs.

Exploring The Dark Matter Of Judicial Review: A Constitutional Census Of The 1990s, Seth F. Kreimer

All Faculty Scholarship

Most debate about the power of judicial review proceeds as if courts primarily invoke the Constitution against the considered judgment of elected legislatures; most constitutional commentary focuses on confrontations between the United States Supreme Court and state or federal legislatures. In fact, the federal courts most often enforce constitutional norms against administrative agencies and street-level bureaucrats, and the norms are enforced not by the Supreme Court but by the federal trial courts. In this Article, Professor Kreimer surveys this "dark matter" of our constitutional universe.

The Article compares the 292 cases involving constitutional claims decided by the Supreme Court during …

The Interactive Constitution: An Essay On Clothing Emperors And Searching For Constitutional Truth, Neal Devins

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

United States Supreme Court: 1997 Term, Paul C. Giannelli

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

The Unitary Executive During The First Half-Century, Steven G. Calabresi, Christopher S. Yoo

All Faculty Scholarship

Recent Supreme Court decisions and the impeachment of President Clinton has reinvigorated the debate over Congress’s authority to employ devices such as special counsels and independent agencies to restrict the President’s control over the administration of the law. The initial debate focused on whether the Constitution rejected the “executive by committee” employed by the Articles of the Confederation in favor of a “unitary executive,” in which all administrative authority is centralized in the President. More recently, the debate has begun to turn towards historical practices. Some scholars have suggested that independent agencies and special counsels have become such established features …

The Case Against The Prison-Industrial Complex, Ira P. Robbins

Articles in Law Reviews & Other Academic Journals

No abstract provided.