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9/11

International Law

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The Lessons Of 9/11 For October 7, Mary Ellen O'Connell Oct 2023

The Lessons Of 9/11 For October 7, Mary Ellen O'Connell

NDLS in the News

October 7 is being called Israel’s 9/11. The comparison is apt for the lessons that can be learned as to the legality of launching a ground offensive to respond to terrorism.


Operation Nation-Building: How International Humanitarian Law Left Afghanistan Open On The Operating Table, Nina Griscelli May 2023

Operation Nation-Building: How International Humanitarian Law Left Afghanistan Open On The Operating Table, Nina Griscelli

University of Miami Law Review

Military campaigns often carry with them official names and underpinning objectives. In Afghanistan, these campaigns were known as Operation Enduring Freedom in 2001, and later, in 2015, as Operation Freedom Sentinel. In total, the United States and its allies remained in Afghan territory for 7,268 days, twenty years, in support of the “Global War on Terror.” Within that time, the democratic construction of a “free” Afghan society—also known as nation-building, regime change, or transformative military occupation—deeply transformed the status quo of the population. To the West, “Operation Nation-Building” became the most strategic and “hopeful alternative to the vision of the …


History Repeating Itself: The Resurgence Of The Taliban And The Abandonment Of Afghan Women, Hannah Bogaert Mar 2022

History Repeating Itself: The Resurgence Of The Taliban And The Abandonment Of Afghan Women, Hannah Bogaert

Immigration and Human Rights Law Review

For two decades the United States and its allies fought against the Taliban in Afghanistan. After the U.S. withdrawal from Afghanistan in late 2021, the Taliban has once again claimed the power of the country. The Taliban has already begun to implement restrictions that deny Afghan women their human rights. This article will outline the Taliban’s disregard for the International Bill of Human Rights, analyzing the Taliban’s observance of human rights before the U.S. invasion in 2001, post- U.S. withdrawal expressions by the Taliban in 2021, and post-U.S. withdrawal actions in 2021. Finally, this article will analyze different actions available …


Finding The Balance Between Price And Protection: Establishing A Surface-To-Air Fire Risk-Reduction Training Policy For Air-Carrier Pilots, Earl W. Burress Jr., Ph.D. Jan 2017

Finding The Balance Between Price And Protection: Establishing A Surface-To-Air Fire Risk-Reduction Training Policy For Air-Carrier Pilots, Earl W. Burress Jr., Ph.D.

Journal of Aviation/Aerospace Education & Research

Currently, U.S. air carriers do not provide equipment or training necessary to mitigate the risk posed by surface-to-air fire (SAFIRE) threats. These threats consist of self-guided weapons (infrared shoulder-fired surface-to-air missiles), manually-aimed threats (small arms, recoilless grenade launchers, rockets, and light anti-aircraft artillery), and hand-held lasers. Technological solutions to counter infrared shoulder-fired missiles have been explored, but were rejected due to prohibitive equipment and maintenance costs. A lower cost option, providing air-carrier pilots with SAFIRE risk-reduction training, has not been formally addressed by the air-carrier industry or the U.S. federal government. This effort will use a business concept, the Cost-Benefit …


Identifying The Start Of Conflict: Conflict Recognition, Operational Realities And Accountability In The Post-9/11 World, Laurie R. Blank, Benjamin R. Farley Oct 2015

Identifying The Start Of Conflict: Conflict Recognition, Operational Realities And Accountability In The Post-9/11 World, Laurie R. Blank, Benjamin R. Farley

Michigan Journal of International Law

On December 19, 2008, the Convening Authority for the United States Military Commissions at Guantanamo Bay referred charges against Abd al-Rahim Hussein Muhammed Abdu Al-Nashiri for his role in the October 2000 bombing of the U.S.S. Cole. The charge sheet alleged that al-Nashiri committed several acts—including murder in violation of the law of war, perfidy, destruction of property—”in the context of and associated with armed conflict” on or about October 12, 2000 in connection with the bombing. At the time of the attack, the statement that the United States was engaged in an armed conflict would have been a surprise …


Governing Disasters: The Challenge Of Global Disaster Law And Policy, Eric A. Feldman, Chelsea Fish Jun 2015

Governing Disasters: The Challenge Of Global Disaster Law And Policy, Eric A. Feldman, Chelsea Fish

All Faculty Scholarship

This chapter uses the analytical framework of transnational legal ordering (TLO) developed by Halliday and Shaffer and applies it to the area of law and disasters. In contrast to the increasingly transnational legal nature of social ordering highlighted by Halliday and Shaffer, it argues that the emergence of transnational regulatory networks and cross-border principles or policies in the area of disaster management has been uneven and incomplete. Although there are many factors that help to explain why the law/disasters area has resisted the trend toward “transnationalization,” two stand out. One is the relative dearth of national laws and policies governing …


The Ndaa, Aumf, And Citizens Detained Away From The Theater Of War: Sounding A Clarion Call For A Clear Statement Rule, Diana Cho Apr 2015

The Ndaa, Aumf, And Citizens Detained Away From The Theater Of War: Sounding A Clarion Call For A Clear Statement Rule, Diana Cho

Loyola of Los Angeles Law Review

In the armed conflict resulting from the September 11 attacks, the executive authority to order the indefinite detention of citizens captured away from the theater of war is an issue of foreign and domestic significance. The relevant law of armed conflict provisions relevant to conflicts that are international or non-international in nature, however, do not fully address this issue. Congress also intentionally left the question of administrative orders of citizen detainment unresolved in a controversial provision of the 2012 version of the annually-enacted National Defense Authorization Act. While plaintiffs in Hedges v. Obama sought to challenge the enforceability of NDAA’s …


The Boundless War: Challenging The Notion Of A Global Armed Conflict Against Al-Qaeda And Its Affiliates, Andrew Beshai Apr 2015

The Boundless War: Challenging The Notion Of A Global Armed Conflict Against Al-Qaeda And Its Affiliates, Andrew Beshai

Loyola of Los Angeles Law Review

The U.S. military response to the 9/11 attacks has expanded into a “global war” without a definite geographic scope. Both the Bush and Obama administrations have executed attacks in several countries including Somalia, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Yemen under the “global war” paradigm. This Article challenges the concept of a global armed conflict, instead favoring the “epicenter-of-hostilities” framework for determining the legality of military action against Al-Qaeda, the Taliban, and other terrorist groups. This approach, rooted in established international law, measures the existence of specific criteria in each nation where hostile forces are present to determine if an armed conflict in …


A Cautionary Tale: Examining The Use Of Military Tribunals By The United States In The Aftermath Of The September 11 Attacks In Light Of Peru's History Of Human Rights Abuses Resulting From Similar Measures, Jim Davis Sep 2014

A Cautionary Tale: Examining The Use Of Military Tribunals By The United States In The Aftermath Of The September 11 Attacks In Light Of Peru's History Of Human Rights Abuses Resulting From Similar Measures, Jim Davis

Georgia Journal of International & Comparative Law

No abstract provided.


Revamping International Securites Laws To Break The Financial Infrastructure Of Global Terrorism, Sireesha Chenmolu Sep 2014

Revamping International Securites Laws To Break The Financial Infrastructure Of Global Terrorism, Sireesha Chenmolu

Georgia Journal of International & Comparative Law

No abstract provided.


Article 5 Of The North Atlantic Treaty: Past, Present, And Uncertain Future, Broderick C. Grady Sep 2014

Article 5 Of The North Atlantic Treaty: Past, Present, And Uncertain Future, Broderick C. Grady

Georgia Journal of International & Comparative Law

No abstract provided.


Sinister Translations: Law's Authority In A Post-9/11 World, Jothie Rajah Jan 2014

Sinister Translations: Law's Authority In A Post-9/11 World, Jothie Rajah

Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies

What does the killing and burial of bin Laden tell us about the sites, sources, and nature of law's authority in a post-'9/11' world?1 If law is constituted by "acts of language [that] are actions in the world,'2 then the law embodied by these events is discernible through an analysis of Obama's announcement on the killing of bin Laden. Obama's announcement avoids the term 'law' yet makes present the relationship between 'law,' justice,' legitimacy, and violence. Through critical theory on language, translation, and political myth, this paper explores the translations at work in constructing law's authority for a post-9/11 world. …


The Game Changer: How The P5 Caused A Paradigm Shift In Norm Diffusion Post-9/11, Catherine Moore Jan 2014

The Game Changer: How The P5 Caused A Paradigm Shift In Norm Diffusion Post-9/11, Catherine Moore

All Faculty Scholarship

This Commentary recognizes a policy shift across nations of favoring national security over human rights and argues that smaller states were influenced by the key international decision makers, the Permanent Five Members (P5) of the United Nations Security Council, via norm diffusion. In doing so, it offers an alternative theory for how and why human rights norms have consistently been violated in the pursuit of security. Oppressive regimes have used the term “counterterrorism” or “national security” to justify rights violations because they see larger powers allowing these violations. This Commentary contends that the P5 are responsible for beginning this phenomenon …


American Exceptionalism And The International Law Of Self-Defense, Mary Ellen O'Connell Nov 2013

American Exceptionalism And The International Law Of Self-Defense, Mary Ellen O'Connell

Mary Ellen O'Connell

No abstract provided.


Quaint And Obsolete: The ‘War On Terror’ And The Right To Legal Personality, Michael Galchinsky Jan 2013

Quaint And Obsolete: The ‘War On Terror’ And The Right To Legal Personality, Michael Galchinsky

English Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.


Negotiating With ‘Bulimic Man’: The (F)Utility Of Engaging Iran, Amit Chhabra Dec 2012

Negotiating With ‘Bulimic Man’: The (F)Utility Of Engaging Iran, Amit Chhabra

Amit Chhabra

In the aftermath of the World Trade Center bombings of September 11, 2001 (“9/11”), the American psyche has been inordinately consumed with the notion of terror and global jihad against Western culture. Even before these dramatic events, though, our unique sense of humor has traditionally emboldened us to enjoy a good scare. When terror strikes in the real world, then, we are readily at attention. Increasingly since the advent of the television, this aspect of our collective psychology has been commoditized by Hollywood and politicized at election time. The fact that Halloween traditionally falls less than a week before Election …


European Union Security Landscape Post-9/11: Necessary Protection Or Unjustified Expansion Of A Security Regime?, Colby Mangels Mar 2012

European Union Security Landscape Post-9/11: Necessary Protection Or Unjustified Expansion Of A Security Regime?, Colby Mangels

Claremont-UC Undergraduate Research Conference on the European Union

No abstract provided.


Sharia Law, Islamophobia And The U.S. Constitution: New Tectonic Plates Of The Culture Wars, Saeed A. Khan Jan 2012

Sharia Law, Islamophobia And The U.S. Constitution: New Tectonic Plates Of The Culture Wars, Saeed A. Khan

University of Maryland Law Journal of Race, Religion, Gender and Class

No abstract provided.


Keynote Address To The 20th Annual Fulbright Symposium – International Law In A Time Of Change, Michael Alsuel Ntumy Sep 2011

Keynote Address To The 20th Annual Fulbright Symposium – International Law In A Time Of Change, Michael Alsuel Ntumy

Annual Survey of International & Comparative Law

The theme of this symposium is International Law in a Time of Change. Considering the events that have engulfed international law in recent times, it is hard to imagine a more important or timely topic than this one. Whether one focuses on the rules, principles and concepts, or the institutions of international law, there is no escape from the fact that these things all bear the indelible imprint of change. This fitting theme has undoubtedly been influenced, I believe, by the "Change" campaign of President Barrack Obama, the “new Prince of Change.” For this reason, I am inclined to …


Use Of Unmanned Systems To Combat Terrorism, Raul A. "Pete" Pedrozo Aug 2011

Use Of Unmanned Systems To Combat Terrorism, Raul A. "Pete" Pedrozo

International Law Studies

No abstract provided.


Extraordinary Rendition: A Wrong Without A Right, Robert Johnson Mar 2009

Extraordinary Rendition: A Wrong Without A Right, Robert Johnson

University of Richmond Law Review

No abstract provided.


Interrogation Of Detainees: Extending A Hand Or A Boot?, Amos N. Guiora Feb 2007

Interrogation Of Detainees: Extending A Hand Or A Boot?, Amos N. Guiora

ExpressO

The so called “war on terror” provides the Bush administration with a unique opportunity to both establish clear guidelines for the interrogation of detainees and to make a forceful statement about American values. How the government chooses to act can promote either an ethical commitment to the norms of civil society, or an attitude analogous to Toby Keith’s “American Way,” where Keith sings that “you’ll be sorry that you messed with the USofA, ‘Cuz we’ll put a boot in your ass, It’s the American Way.”

No aspect of the “war on terrorism” more clearly addresses this balance than coercive interrogation. …


Presidential Authority And The War On Terror, Joseph W. Dellapenna Jan 2006

Presidential Authority And The War On Terror, Joseph W. Dellapenna

ILSA Journal of International & Comparative Law

I]t is an established fact that documents justifying and authorizing the abusive treatment ofdetainees during interrogation were approved and distributed


The Western Response To 9/11, Philip Towle Jan 2006

The Western Response To 9/11, Philip Towle

ILSA Journal of International & Comparative Law

It was politically and strategically unwise for the Bush administration to use the term "war on terror" after 9/11.


Union Responses To The Challenges Of An Increasingly Globalized Economy, Stephen B. Moldof Jan 2005

Union Responses To The Challenges Of An Increasingly Globalized Economy, Stephen B. Moldof

Richmond Journal of Global Law & Business

No abstract provided.


The Usa Patriot Act, Toni Panetta Jan 2005

The Usa Patriot Act, Toni Panetta

Human Rights & Human Welfare

The events of September 11, 2001 serve as the origin of the United States’ War on Terror as popularized by the Bush administration. Previously, American strategies to combat terrorism focused on attacks against its interests abroad, and support for other governments’ efforts to curb terrorist acts within their own boundaries. However, September 11 revealed vulnerability to violence by non-state actors within U.S. borders. In response, the United States reshaped its anti-terrorist strategies to prevent future attacks by targeting terrorists, foreign and domestic, known and potential.


Unipolar Disorder: A European Perspective On U.S. Security Strategy, Diane Marie Amann Apr 2004

Unipolar Disorder: A European Perspective On U.S. Security Strategy, Diane Marie Amann

Scholarly Works

Much has been said about the National Security Strategy that U.S. President George W. Bush released one year after the terrorist assaults of September 11, 2001. The Strategy's declaration that the United States would strike first to prevent attack even before an enemy possessed the capability to attack-a point in time much earlier than when tradition would have condoned an act of anticipatory self-defense-provoked considerable comment. Debate within America encompassed multiple points of view; nonetheless, and perhaps not surprisingly, much of the debate reflected an American perspective. This essay, in contrast, considers the Strategy from a European perspective, one that …


The Aftermath Of September 11, 2001: The Targeting Of Arabs And Muslims In America, Susan M. Akram Jul 2002

The Aftermath Of September 11, 2001: The Targeting Of Arabs And Muslims In America, Susan M. Akram

Faculty Scholarship

THE DEMONIZING OF ARABS AND Muslims in America began well before the terrible tragedy of September 11, 2001. It can be traced to deliberate mythmaking by film and media,2 stereotyping as part of conscious strategy of 'experts' and polemicists on the Middle East,3 the selling of a foreign policy agenda by US government officials and groups seeking to affect that agenda,4 and a public susceptible to images identifying the unwelcome 'other* in its midst.5 Bearing the brunt of these factors are Arab and Muslim non-citizens in this country. A series of government laws and policies since …


Jurisdiction, Terrorism And The Rule Of International Law, Sompong Sucharitkul Apr 2002

Jurisdiction, Terrorism And The Rule Of International Law, Sompong Sucharitkul

Publications

In October 2001, approximately one month after the September 11 terrorist attacks in the United States, Golden Gate University Law Professor Sompong Sucharitkul spoke to the students of Golden Gate University and others on the topic of jurisdiction, terrorism and the rule of international law. This article is an excerpt from the speech given by Professor Sucharitkul.


American Exceptionalism And The International Law Of Self-Defense, Mary Ellen O'Connell Jan 2002

American Exceptionalism And The International Law Of Self-Defense, Mary Ellen O'Connell

Journal Articles

Following the September 11th attacks in the United States (U.S.), one could make a case for America's use of force in Afghanistan as a lawful exercise of the right of self-defense. But the proposals to invade Iraq following September 11th cannot be so defended. Those proposals did not concern defending the basic security of the U.S. in the sense that basic security defense is currently understood in the international community. They concerned, rather, defense of a more expansive concept of security, a concept wherein the U.S. need not tolerate antagonistic regimes with the potential to harm U.S. interests. The invasion …