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Articles 1 - 30 of 256
Full-Text Articles in Law
Frand V. Compulsory Licensing: The Lesser Of The Two Evils, Srividhya Ragavan, Brendan Murphy, Raj Davé
Frand V. Compulsory Licensing: The Lesser Of The Two Evils, Srividhya Ragavan, Brendan Murphy, Raj Davé
Faculty Scholarship
This paper focuses on two types of licenses that can best be describes as outlier - FRAND and compulsory licenses. Overall, these two specific forms of licenses share the objective of producing a fair and reasonable license of a technology protected by intellectual property. The comparable objective notwithstanding, each type of license achieves this end using different mechanisms. The FRAND license emphasizes providing the licensee with reasonable terms, e.g., by preventing a standard patent holder from extracting unreasonably high royalty rates. By contrast, compulsory liceses emphasize the public benefit that flows from enabling access to an otherwise inaccessible invention. Ultimately, …
Are Legal Restrictions On Disparaging Personal Names Unconstitutional? In Re The Slants, Laura A. Heymann, Eric Goldman
Are Legal Restrictions On Disparaging Personal Names Unconstitutional? In Re The Slants, Laura A. Heymann, Eric Goldman
Popular Media
No abstract provided.
H. R. 4241, To Establish The United States Copyright Office As An Independent Agency, And For Other Purposes [Discussion Draft], 114th Congress, 1st Session, Tom Marino, Judy Chu, Barbara Comstock
H. R. 4241, To Establish The United States Copyright Office As An Independent Agency, And For Other Purposes [Discussion Draft], 114th Congress, 1st Session, Tom Marino, Judy Chu, Barbara Comstock
Copyright, Fair Use, Scholarly Communication, etc.
A bill put forth during the first Session of the 114th Congress to establish the United States Copyright Office as an independent agency, and for other purposes. This Act may be cited as the "Copyright Office for the Digital Economy Act."
Proposes enacting changes to Section 701 and Section 408 of Title 17 of the United States Code to remove the United States Copyright Office from the Legislative branch of the federal government and move it to the Executive branch of the federal government, along with proposals for associated transfer of administrative and technical functions.
Authorship, Attribution, And Audience, Laura A. Heymann
Authorship, Attribution, And Audience, Laura A. Heymann
Popular Media
No abstract provided.
Nsfw: An Empirical Study Of Scandalous Trademarks, Megan Carpenter, Mary Garner
Nsfw: An Empirical Study Of Scandalous Trademarks, Megan Carpenter, Mary Garner
Student Scholarship
This project is an empirical analysis of trademarks that have received rejections based on their “scandalous” nature. It is the first of its kind.
The Lanham Act bars registration for trademarks that are “scandalous” and “immoral.” While much has been written on the morality provisions in the Lanham Act, this piece is the first scholarly project that engages an empirical analysis of the Section 2(a) rejections based on scandalousness; it contains a look behind the scenes at how the morality provisions are applied throughout the trademark registration process. This study analyzes which marks are being rejected, what evidence is being …
The Psychology Of Patent Protection, Stephanie Plamondon Bair
The Psychology Of Patent Protection, Stephanie Plamondon Bair
Faculty Scholarship
This Article offers the first comprehensive assessment of the major justifications for our patent system using a behavioral psychology framework. Applying insights from the behavioral literature that I argue more accurately account for the realities of human action than previous analytical tools, I critically evaluate each of the major justifications for patents — incentive theory, disclosure theory, prospect theory, commercialization theory, patent racing theory, and non-utilitarian theories. I ask whether our current patent system is an effective regime for meeting the stated goals of these accounts. When the answer to this question is no, I again turn to the behavioral …
Emergency Takings, Brian Lee
Brief Of Amici Curiae Intellectual Property Law Professors In Support Of Appellees, Mark Mckenna
Brief Of Amici Curiae Intellectual Property Law Professors In Support Of Appellees, Mark Mckenna
Court Briefs
The District Court correctly determined that Phoenix failed to state a trademark claim because Basket Case’s activities cannot have caused any relevant confusion.1 Phoenix’s fundamental complaint is about unauthorized use of its intangible content—karaoke tracks. Under Dastar v. Twentieth Century Fox Film Corp., 539 U.S. 23 (2003), however, only confusion regarding the source of physical goods is actionable under the Lanham Act; confusion regarding the source of the karaoke tracks or their authorization is not actionable. Phoenix cannot avoid Dastar just because Basket Case creates digital copies of those tracks, as Basket Case does not sell digital files or …
Property As Institutions For Resources: Lessons From And For Ip, Julie E. Cohen
Property As Institutions For Resources: Lessons From And For Ip, Julie E. Cohen
Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works
The idea of property in land as the paradigm case of property exercises despotic dominion over property thinking. From the perspective of evolving political economy, however, a land-centric model of property makes very little sense. Property institutions coordinate access to resources, and so it is reasonable to expect them to differ in ways that respond to the characteristics of those resources. The debate about whether intellectual property (IP) is property is instructive. IP scholars have pursued the property debate using a conceptual framework derived from common law real property doctrines and organized around the practical and theoretical problems associated with …
Time To Say Local Cheese And Smile At Geographical Indications Of Origin? International Trade And Local Development In The United States, Irene Calboli
Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law
In this Article, I offer some considerations on a possible compromising solution for the controversy between the European Union (EU) and the United States (U.S.) on the regulation of geographical indications of origin (GIs) as part of the negotiations in the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP). Notably, I advocate that the EU and the U.S. consider adopting a solution similar to that adopted in the Canada and European Union Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA). In particular, I note that, even though CETA accepted several of the EU’s requests to claw-back names that were not previously protected in Canada, …
14th Annual Recent Developments In Ip Law And Policy Conference, William T. Gallagher
14th Annual Recent Developments In Ip Law And Policy Conference, William T. Gallagher
Intellectual Property Law
14th Annual Recent Developments in IP Law and Policy Conference
Golden Gate University School of Law
Program Schedule
October 30, 2015
Room 2202
Copyright Update For The 2015 Nevada Bar Intellectual Property Law Conference, Marketa Trimble
Copyright Update For The 2015 Nevada Bar Intellectual Property Law Conference, Marketa Trimble
Boyd Briefs / Road Scholars
Professor Marketa Trimble presented these materials to the Intellectual Property Law Section of the Nevada Bar on October 23, 2015. Over the course of her presentation, Prof. Trimble covered significant legal developments and statistical trends in copyright law from the 2014-2015 period, both in the United States and abroad.
Patent Working Requirements: Historical And Comparative Perspectives, Marketa Trimble
Patent Working Requirements: Historical And Comparative Perspectives, Marketa Trimble
Boyd Briefs / Road Scholars
On October 16, 2015, Professor Marketa Trimble presented these materials at a conference hosted by the UC Irvine School of Law. The theme of the conference was "Patent Sovereignty and International Law."
Parody And Fair Markets, Jessica Silbey
Parody And Fair Markets, Jessica Silbey
Faculty Scholarship
In December 2011, the UK Intellectual Property Office commissioned the Centre for Intellectual Property Policy and Management at Bournemouth University to research the effects of parody on copyrighted works. Do parodies harm the market for the underlying work? How might we measure the economic effects of parody, as incentive depressors or engines?
UK copyright law does not contain an exception specifically covering parodies. The authors of the study perceive the UK copyright law as one of the most restrictive in seven jurisdictions surveyed (US, Canada, Australia, France, Germany, Netherlands, UK) with regard to parodies. By commissioning this research, the UK …
What Notice Did, Jessica D. Litman
What Notice Did, Jessica D. Litman
Law & Economics Working Papers
In the 21st century, copyright protection is automatic. It vests in eligible works the instant that those works are first embodied in a tangible format. Many Americans are unaware of that, believing instead that registration and copyright notice are required to secure a copyright. That impression is understandable. For its first 199 years, United States copyright law required authors to take affirmative steps to obtain copyright protection. The first U.S. copyright statute, enacted by Congress in 1790, required the eligible author of an eligible work to record the title of the work with the clerk of the court in the …
Invalidated Patents And Associated Patent Examiners, Shine Tu
Invalidated Patents And Associated Patent Examiners, Shine Tu
Law Faculty Scholarship
This study attempts to determine whether there are common
characteristics between examiners who issue invalidated patents. This
study uses two new patent databases that code for nearly 1.7 million
patents and approximately one thousand patents that were litigated to
a 'final" judgment between 2010 and 2011. This study finds that
approximately one-third of patents that are litigated to final judgment
are found invalid. Most invalidated patents are found in technology
centers 1600, 2600, and 2700, which correspond to biotechnology and
organic chemistry, communications, and computer science, respectively.
Most patents are invalidated on prior art-type novelty and obviousness
grounds. This study …
Copyright Policy And The Problem Of Generalizing, Eva E. Subotnik
Copyright Policy And The Problem Of Generalizing, Eva E. Subotnik
Faculty Publications
(Excerpt)
Today we have heard a variety of concerns expressed by professional authors, artists and performers. But one of the toughest aspects of determining how to make the copyright system work better is generalizing about what is and is not working. In these brief remarks, I would like to identify three areas that demonstrate this difficulty.
At the outset, a disclaimer: I took the animating theme of this Symposium to be the improvement of the financial stake of individual authors in some kind of direct way. This mode of analysis should be distinguished from other approaches, equally valid, that would …
When Biopharma Meets Software: Bioinformatics At The Patent Office, Saurabh Vishnubhakat, Arti K. Rai
When Biopharma Meets Software: Bioinformatics At The Patent Office, Saurabh Vishnubhakat, Arti K. Rai
Faculty Scholarship
Scholars have spilled much ink questioning patent quality. Complaints encompass concern about incoming applications, examination by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (“USPTO”), and the USPTO’s ultimate output. The literature and some empirical data also suggest, however, that applications, examination, and output may differ considerably based on technology. Most notably, although definitions of patent quality are contested, quality in the biopharmaceutical industry is often considered substantially higher than that in information and communications technology (ICT) industries.
This Article presents the first empirical examination of what happens when the two fields are combined. Specifically, it analyzes the creation and early history …
The Uspto Patent Pro Bono Program, Jennifer M. Mcdowell, Saurabh Vishnubhakat
The Uspto Patent Pro Bono Program, Jennifer M. Mcdowell, Saurabh Vishnubhakat
Faculty Scholarship
In recent years, the United States Patent and Trademark Office has systematically been engaging the legal community with inventor assistance beyond the agency’s usual business of examining applications for patents and trademarks. The purpose of the USPTO’s effort has been to support innovators who are constrained by a lack of resources to pay for patent counsel necessary to protect the full scope of their inventions. This Article describes the brief history, flexible structure, and ongoing growth of that effort, embodied in the USPTO Patent Pro Bono Program. The Patent Pro Bono Program is a national network coordinated by the USPTO …
Contemporary Practice Of The United States Relating To International Law., Kristina Daugirdas, Julian Davis Mortenson
Contemporary Practice Of The United States Relating To International Law., Kristina Daugirdas, Julian Davis Mortenson
Articles
In this section: • Agreement on Iran Nuclear Program Goes into Effect • United States and China Reach Agreement Regarding Economic Espionage and International Cybersecurity Norms • United States Ratifies the International Convention for the Suppression of Acts of Nuclear Terrorism • United States Reaches Agreement with Turkey on Use of Incirlik Air Base for Strikes on ISIL; “Safe Zone” Not Part of the Deal
Patent Trolls And Preemption, Paul Gugliuzza
Patent Trolls And Preemption, Paul Gugliuzza
Faculty Scholarship
Patent law is usually thought to be the domain of the federal government, not state governments. Yet over half the states have recently passed statutes outlawing unfair or deceptive assertions of patent infringement. The statutes are aimed at fighting so-called patent trolls, particularly those who send letters to users of allegedly infringing technology — as opposed to the manufacturers of that technology — demanding that each user purchase a license for a few thousand dollars or else face an infringement suit. The Federal Circuit, however, has held that state law claims challenging acts of patent enforcement are preempted by the …
The Hydrox Resurrection, Mark Mckenna
The Hydrox Resurrection, Mark Mckenna
NDLS in the News
KESTENBAUM: I wasn't going to let that stop me. So I called up a trademark expert, Mark McKenna at Notre Dame, and I asked him, is this right? Can someone just waltz in and grab a hundredyearold trademark, suddenly own this whole history? It seemed a little weird 'cause a trademark is like a kind of property. And if you think of this like land...
SMITH: Like, hey, I notice you haven't mowed your lawn for a while, so I'm just going to take a little part of your property.
KESTENBAUM: Yeah, it seems crazy, right? McKenna said, I'm thinking …
A Little Birdie Said, Seth C. Oranburg
A Little Birdie Said, Seth C. Oranburg
Law Faculty Scholarship
Shareholders are organizing and mobilizing on new social media platforms like Twitter. This changes the dynamics of shareholder proxy contests in ways that favor shareholders over management. Disruptive technology may bring about a shareholder revolution, which may not be in shareholders’ best interests, at least from the perspective of shareholder wealth maximization, and it also has powerful implications for the future of corporate social responsibility.
Assessment Of Damages In Intellectual Property Cases: Some Recent Examples Of "The Exercise Of A Sound Imagination And The Practice Of A Broad Axe"?, Gordon Ionwy David Llewelyn
Assessment Of Damages In Intellectual Property Cases: Some Recent Examples Of "The Exercise Of A Sound Imagination And The Practice Of A Broad Axe"?, Gordon Ionwy David Llewelyn
Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law
There are few cases outside the US that deal with the assessment of damages for infringement of intellectual property rights. When they do, as Lord Shaw said: “[It involves] the exercise of a sound imagination and the practice of the broad axe.” This article discusses decisions where the infringer has ended up paying at the low end of what it would have paid as a legitimate user. One of the fundamental rights of the owner of an intellectual property right is the freedom to decide if others can use it, so the courts’ concern to avoid high awards can mean …
Diagnostics Need Not Apply, Rebecca S. Eisenberg
Diagnostics Need Not Apply, Rebecca S. Eisenberg
Articles
Diagnostic testing helps caregivers and patients understand a patient's condition, predict future outcomes, select appropriate treatments, and determine whether treatment is working. Improvements in diagnostic testing are essential to bringing about the long-heralded promise of personalized medicine. Yet it seems increasingly clear that most important advances in this type of medical technology lie outside the boundaries of patent-eligible subject matter. The clarity of this conclusion has been obscured by ambiguity in the recent decisions of the Supreme Court concerning patent eligibility. Since its 2010 decision in Bilski v. Kappos, the Court has followed a discipline of limiting judicial exclusions from …
Who Gets Paid? Section 365(N) Royalty Payments Under "Zombie Licenses" After A Sale Of Ip, Christopher G. Bradley
Who Gets Paid? Section 365(N) Royalty Payments Under "Zombie Licenses" After A Sale Of Ip, Christopher G. Bradley
Law Faculty Popular Media
This short article discusses the Bankruptcy Code's unusual treatment of certain intellectual property licenses. First, it gives a brief overview of § 365(n) of the Bankruptcy Code. It then provides a short analysis of a difficult but important question: If a licensee of a debtor’s intellectual property opts to retain its license rights under § 365(n), who should receive the stream of licensing payments in the event that the IP is sold: the buyer of the IP, or the debtor in bankruptcy? The answer that has emerged in some of the case law is somewhat surprising -- after providing nuanced …
Sharing Research Data And Intellectual Property Law: A Primer, Michael Carroll
Sharing Research Data And Intellectual Property Law: A Primer, Michael Carroll
Articles in Law Reviews & Other Academic Journals
Sharing research data by depositing it in connection with a published article or otherwise making data publicly available sometimes raises intellectual property questions in the minds of depositing researchers, their employers, their funders, and other researchers who seek to reuse research data. In this context or in the drafting of data management plans, common questions are (1) what are the legal rights in data; (2) who has these rights; and (3) how does one with these rights use them to share data in a way that permits or encourages productive downstream uses? Leaving to the side privacy and national security …
Sharing Research Data And Intellectual Property Law: A Primer, Michael W. Carroll
Sharing Research Data And Intellectual Property Law: A Primer, Michael W. Carroll
Joint PIJIP/TLS Research Paper Series
Sharing research data by depositing it in connection with a published article or otherwise making data publicly available sometimes raises intellectual property questions in the minds of depositing researchers, their employers, their funders, and other researchers who seek to reuse research data. In this context or in the drafting of data management plans, common questions are (1) what are the legal rights in data; (2) who has these rights; and (3) how does one with these rights use them to share data in a way that permits or encourages productive downstream uses? Leaving to the side privacy and national security …
Do Economic Downturns Dampen Patent Litigation?, Alan C. Marco, Shawn P. Miller, Ted M. Sichelman
Do Economic Downturns Dampen Patent Litigation?, Alan C. Marco, Shawn P. Miller, Ted M. Sichelman
Faculty Scholarship
Recent studies estimate that the economic impact of U.S. patent litigation may be as large as $80 billion per year and that the overall rate of U.S. patent litigation has been growing rapidly over the past twenty years. And yet, the relationship of the macroeconomy to patent litigation rates has never been studied in any rigorous fashion. This lacuna is notable given that there are two opposing theories among lawyers regarding the effect of economic downturns on patent litigation. One camp argues for a substitution theory, holding that patent litigation should increase in a downturn because potential plaintiffs have a …
Eldred & The New Rationality, Brian L. Frye
Eldred & The New Rationality, Brian L. Frye
Law Faculty Scholarly Articles
Historically, the rational basis test has been a constitutional rubber stamp. In Eldred v. Ashcroft and Golan v. Holder, the Supreme Court applied the rational basis test and respectively held that Congress could extend the copyright term of existing works and restore copyright protection of public domain works, despite evidence that Congress intended to benefit copyright owners at the expense of the public. But in Lawrence v. Texas and United States v. Windsor, the Supreme Court seems to have applied the rational basis test and held that state and federal laws were unconstitutional because they were motivated by …