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Articles 1 - 30 of 40
Full-Text Articles in Law
Academic Freedom And Professorial Speech In The Post-Garcetti World, Oren R. Griffin
Academic Freedom And Professorial Speech In The Post-Garcetti World, Oren R. Griffin
Seattle University Law Review
Academic freedom, a coveted feature of higher education, is the concept that faculty should be free to perform their essential functions as professors and scholars without the threat of retaliation or undue administrative influence. The central mission of an academic institution, teach-ing and research, is well served by academic freedom that allows the faculty to conduct its work in the absence of censorship or coercion. In support of this proposition, courts have long held that academic freedom is a special concern of the First Amendment, granting professors and faculty members cherished protections regarding academic speech. In Garcetti v. Ceballos, the …
Flunking The Class-Of-One/Failing Equal Protection, William D. Araiza
Flunking The Class-Of-One/Failing Equal Protection, William D. Araiza
William & Mary Law Review
This Article considers the equal protection “class-of-one” doctrine in light of recent developments, both at the Supreme Court and in the lower courts. After Part I explains the background and current state of the doctrine, Part II considers how that doctrine provides insights into such basic equal protection concepts as discriminatory intent and animus. It also critiques the Court’s analysis of the class-of-one, arguing that the Court has mishandled these concepts and in so doing caused doctrinal anomalies and lower court confusion. Part II offers an alternative approach to the class-of-one that corrects those problems while still addressing the concerns …
Discrimination In Baby Making: The Unconstitutional Treatment Of Prospective Parents Through Surrogacy, Andrea B. Carroll
Discrimination In Baby Making: The Unconstitutional Treatment Of Prospective Parents Through Surrogacy, Andrea B. Carroll
Indiana Law Journal
Roundtable on Regulating Assisted Reproductive Technology 2012
How Parents Are Made: A Response To Discrimination In Baby Making: The Unconstitutional Treatment Of Prospective Parents Through Surrogacy, Kimberly M. Mutcherson
How Parents Are Made: A Response To Discrimination In Baby Making: The Unconstitutional Treatment Of Prospective Parents Through Surrogacy, Kimberly M. Mutcherson
Indiana Law Journal
Roundtable on Regulating Assisted Reproductive Technology 2012
Hierarchies Of Discrimination In Baby Making: A Response To Professor Carroll, Radhika Rao
Hierarchies Of Discrimination In Baby Making: A Response To Professor Carroll, Radhika Rao
Indiana Law Journal
Roundtable on Regulating Assisted Reproductive Technology 2012
Categorically Black, White, Or Wrong: 'Misperception Discrimination' And The State Of Title Vii Protection, D. Wendy Greene
Categorically Black, White, Or Wrong: 'Misperception Discrimination' And The State Of Title Vii Protection, D. Wendy Greene
University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform
This Article exposes an inconspicuous, categorically wrong movement within antidiscrimination law. A band of federal courts have denied Title VII protection to individuals who allege “categorical discrimination”: invidious, differential treatment on the basis of race, religion, color, national origin, or sex. Per these courts, a plaintiff who self-identifies as Christian but is misperceived as Muslim cannot assert an actionable claim under Title VII if she suffers an adverse employment action as a result of this misperception and related animus. Though Title VII expressly prohibits discrimination on the basis of religion, courts have held that such a plaintiff’s claim of “misperception …
Is Brown The New Black?: American Muslims, Inherent Propensity For Violence, And America’S Racial History, Amara S. Chaudhry-Kravitz
Is Brown The New Black?: American Muslims, Inherent Propensity For Violence, And America’S Racial History, Amara S. Chaudhry-Kravitz
Washington and Lee Journal of Civil Rights and Social Justice
No abstract provided.
The Gay Accent, Gender, And Title Vii Employment Discrimination, Ryan Castle
The Gay Accent, Gender, And Title Vii Employment Discrimination, Ryan Castle
Seattle University Law Review
While race, religion, ethnicity, and sex will always remain salient social issues in our nation, sexual orientation is currently at the forefront of our national debate and will likely not abate in the foreseeable future. Federal courts, for example, struggle in differentiating sex, gender, and sexuality when adjudicating Title VII employment discrimination claims. Because Title VII does not protect employees from sexual orientation-based discrimination, plaintiffs who are or are perceived to be of a sexual minority have difficulty proving a valid sex-based discrimination claim in federal court. This difficulty arises because one cannot perceive sex, gender, and sexuality without muddling …
The Achievement Gap And Disparate Impact Discrimination In Washington Schools, Sarah Albertson
The Achievement Gap And Disparate Impact Discrimination In Washington Schools, Sarah Albertson
Seattle University Law Review
In today’s public schools, students designated as “white” and “Asian” consistently outperform students from other ethnic groups in test scores and graduation rates. These disparities, commonly called “the achievement gap,” are a symptom of greater issues, or “opportunity gaps.” Washington State has recently taken a further step to address the achievement gap and racial discrimination in schools. In 2010, the Washington legislature passed the Equal Education Opportunity Law (EEOL), HB 3026, in response to the recommendations in commissioned achievement gap studies. The EEOL authorizes the Office of the Superintendent of Public Instruction (OSPI) to enforce this law through regulations. This …
An Unreasonable Application Of A Reasonable Standard: Title Vii And Sexual Orientation Retaliation, Jorden Colalella
An Unreasonable Application Of A Reasonable Standard: Title Vii And Sexual Orientation Retaliation, Jorden Colalella
Indiana Journal of Law and Social Equality
No abstract provided.
Is The Antidiscrimination Project Being Ended?, Michael J. Zimmer
Is The Antidiscrimination Project Being Ended?, Michael J. Zimmer
Indiana Journal of Law and Social Equality
No abstract provided.
Identification Problems And Voting Obstacles For Transgender Americans, James A. Haynes
Identification Problems And Voting Obstacles For Transgender Americans, James A. Haynes
Indiana Journal of Law and Social Equality
No abstract provided.
When Diversity For Diversity's Sake Is Not Enough: Should Black Immigrants Receive The Benefit Of Affirmative Action At The Detriment Of Native Blacks?, Cedric Gordon
Indiana Journal of Law and Social Equality
No abstract provided.
The Application Of Anti-Discrimination Laws To Religious Institutions: The Irresistible Force Meets The Immovable Object, Oliver S. Thomas
The Application Of Anti-Discrimination Laws To Religious Institutions: The Irresistible Force Meets The Immovable Object, Oliver S. Thomas
Journal of the National Association of Administrative Law Judiciary
No abstract provided.
An Overview Of The Federal Eeo Administrative Hearings Process, Audrey M. Scott
An Overview Of The Federal Eeo Administrative Hearings Process, Audrey M. Scott
Journal of the National Association of Administrative Law Judiciary
No abstract provided.
Have The Amendments To The Individuals With Disabilities Education Act Razed Rowley And Raised The Substantive Standard For "Free Appropriate Public Education?", Perry A. Zirkel
Journal of the National Association of Administrative Law Judiciary
No abstract provided.
Rights Lawyer Essentialism And The Next Generation Of Rights Critics, Alan K. Chen
Rights Lawyer Essentialism And The Next Generation Of Rights Critics, Alan K. Chen
Michigan Law Review
Richard Thompson Ford does not care much for the current state of civil rights. In his provocative new book, Rights Gone Wrong: How Law Corrupts the Struggle for Equality, Ford lends an original, if often misdirected, voice to the chorus of contemporary critics of the American legal regime of rights. Situating himself among "second generation" rights critics (p. 259), Ford lays out a comprehensive indictment of current approaches to civil rights litigation as well as civil rights activism. His work is both intriguing and provocative, and it raises a number of issues that are surely worth serious consideration and discussion. …
Tyrone Garner's Lawrence V. Texas, Marc Spindelman
Tyrone Garner's Lawrence V. Texas, Marc Spindelman
Michigan Law Review
Dale Carpenter's Flagrant Conduct: The Story of Lawrence v. Texas has been roundly greeted with well-earned praise. After exploring the book's understanding of Lawrence v. Texas as a great civil rights victory for lesbian and gay rights, this Review offers an alternative perspective on the case. Built from facts about the background of the case that the book supplies, and organized in particular around the story that the book tells about Tyrone Garner and his life, this alternative perspective on Lawrence explores and assesses some of what the decision may mean not only for sexual orientation equality but also for …
Proposition 8 Is Unconstitutional, But Not Because The Ninth Circuit Said So: The Equal Protection Clause Does Not Support A Legal Distinction Between Denying The Right To Same-Sex Marriage And Not Providing It In The First Place, Nathan Rouse
Seattle University Law Review
In Perry v. Brown, the Ninth Circuit held that Proposition 8 is unconstitutional. But in doing so, the court stepped back from the breadth of the district court’s decision. The Ninth Circuit did not address whether same-sex marriage is a fundamental constitutional right. Nor did the Ninth Circuit address whether the Equal Protection Clause categorically prevents states from limiting marriage to opposite-sex couples. Instead, the Ninth Circuit reached the narrow conclusion that Proposition 8 violates the Equal Protection Clause because it withdrew a preexisting legal right from a marginalized group without any legitimate purpose. The Ninth Circuit should have held …
Disparate Impact: Fairness Or Efficiency?, Larry Alexander
Disparate Impact: Fairness Or Efficiency?, Larry Alexander
San Diego Law Review
Here is a stylized, simplified account of the disparate impact branch of discrimination law. Employer (E) uses certain criteria—which I shall call “the test”—to determine whom to employ. Those who qualify under the test may be disproportionately of a certain race, sex, national origin, or religion. I shall call those races, sexes, et cetera, that are disproportionately qualified under the test “the preferred,” and those races, sexes, et cetera, that are disproportionately unqualified under the test “the dispreferred.” In a disparate impact discrimination case—and again, I am simplifying somewhat, though immaterially—an employee candidate (C) who is both a member of …
Bundy V. Jackson: Eliminating The Need To Prove Tangible Economic Job Loss In Sexual Harassment Claims Brought Under Title Vii, Terence J. Bouressa
Bundy V. Jackson: Eliminating The Need To Prove Tangible Economic Job Loss In Sexual Harassment Claims Brought Under Title Vii, Terence J. Bouressa
Pepperdine Law Review
In the case of Bundy v. Jackson, the federal appellate court eliminated the need to prove tangible job loss in claims under Title VII relating to sexual harassment. The holding in Bundy thus promotes the viability of sexual harassment claims under Title VII and deters employers from engaging in subtle sexual harassment as "part of the job." The decision provides a model for the nation to follow in the pursuit of the worthy goal of eliminating sexual harassment in the workplace.
Modernizing State Vital Statistics Statutes And Policies To Ensure Accurate Gender Markers On Birth Certificates: A Good Government Approach To Recognizing The Lives Of Transgender People, Lisa Mottet
Michigan Journal of Gender & Law
Across the country, laws governing corrections to gender markers on birth certificates are relatively uniform, in large part because many states adopted the relevant provisions of the 1977 revision of the Model State Vital Statistics Act (MSVSA). The MSVSA, developed by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, guides states on the most efficient laws and procedures related to maintaining accurate birth, death, and other vital records at the state, local, and territorial level. At the time when the government promulgated the MSVSA provision related to gender corrections, it served as a forward-thinking model because it acknowledged that vital …
Outing The Majority: Gay Rights, Public Debate, And Polarization After Doe V. Reed, Marc Allen
Outing The Majority: Gay Rights, Public Debate, And Polarization After Doe V. Reed, Marc Allen
Michigan Journal of Gender & Law
In 2010, the United States Supreme Court ruled in Doe v. Reed that Washington citizens who signed a petition to eliminate legal rights for LGBT couples did not have a right to keep their names secret. A year later, in ProtectMarriage.com v. Bowen, a district court in California partially relied on Reed to reject a similar request from groups who lobbied for California Proposition 8-a constitutional amendment that overturned the California Supreme Court's landmark 2008 gay marriage decision. These holdings are important to election law, feminist, and first amendment scholars for a number of reasons. First, they flip the traditional …
Bathroom Bias: Making The Case For Trans Rights Under Disability Law, Daniella A. Schmidt
Bathroom Bias: Making The Case For Trans Rights Under Disability Law, Daniella A. Schmidt
Michigan Journal of Gender & Law
Disability law is one of the more successful tools currently being used to protect trans people fom discrimination. While the use of disability law as a framework for affirming or creating trans rights has come with some success, many in the community remain reluctant to use disability law for fear of the policy implications and stigma associated with medicalization of trans identity. After exploring the current state of the law on both the federal and state level, this Note will argue how disability law both could and should be used more often to further trans protections. In particular, this Note …
Flexible Scheduling And Gender Equiality: The Working Families Flexibility Act Under The Fourteenth Amendment, Lane C. Powell
Flexible Scheduling And Gender Equiality: The Working Families Flexibility Act Under The Fourteenth Amendment, Lane C. Powell
Michigan Journal of Gender & Law
The Working Families Flexibility Act (“WFFA”) as proposed in 2012 would create a federal right for employees to request flexible work arrangements. However, the bill contains no private right of action for employees to enforce this new right. By reframing the WFFA as an anti-discrimination statute targeting unconstitutional sex discrimination on the part of the States, the WFFA could be upheld under Section 5 of the Fourteenth Amendment, allowing Congress to provide a private right of action for both private and state employees. This Note uses the Supreme Court’s decisions on the Family Medical Leave Act in Hibbs and Coleman …
“Only Procedural”: Oughts On The Substantive Law Dimensions Of Preliminary Procedural Decisions In Employment Discrimination Cases, Elizabeth M. Schneider, Hon. Nancy Gertner
“Only Procedural”: Oughts On The Substantive Law Dimensions Of Preliminary Procedural Decisions In Employment Discrimination Cases, Elizabeth M. Schneider, Hon. Nancy Gertner
NYLS Law Review
No abstract provided.
Summary Judgment In Employment Discrimination Cases: A Judge’S Perspective, Hon. Denny Chin
Summary Judgment In Employment Discrimination Cases: A Judge’S Perspective, Hon. Denny Chin
NYLS Law Review
No abstract provided.
The Jury (Or More Accurately The Judge) Is Still Out For Civil Rights And Employment Cases Post-Iqbal, Suzette M. Malveaux
The Jury (Or More Accurately The Judge) Is Still Out For Civil Rights And Employment Cases Post-Iqbal, Suzette M. Malveaux
NYLS Law Review
No abstract provided.
Essay:1 From The “No Spittin’, No Cussin’ And No Summary Judgment”2 Days Of Employment Discrimination Litigation To The “Defendant’S Summary Judgment A Rmed Without Comment” Days: One Judge’S Four-Decade Perspective, Hon. Mark W. Bennett
NYLS Law Review
No abstract provided.
Stopped At The Starting Gate: E Overuse Of Summary Judgment In Equal Pay Cases, Deborah Thompson Eisenberg
Stopped At The Starting Gate: E Overuse Of Summary Judgment In Equal Pay Cases, Deborah Thompson Eisenberg
NYLS Law Review
No abstract provided.