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Articles 1 - 30 of 82
Full-Text Articles in Law
America’S Favorite Illiquid Investment: An Examination Of The Changing Social Perception Of Homeownership , Jeremiah J. Lee
America’S Favorite Illiquid Investment: An Examination Of The Changing Social Perception Of Homeownership , Jeremiah J. Lee
The Journal of Business, Entrepreneurship & the Law
Purchasing a home is traditionally touted as one of the best investments an individual can make, but this advice may be simply too generic to be useful or applied too broadly to be good counsel. Social pressures encouraging homeownership in America have been fostered by decades of government programs. Modern uses of the family home as a financial investment, such as flipping homes or using a home equity line of credit to subsidize a higher standard of living, illustrate a perceptual shift in which many modern homeowners have come to consider the family home principally a tool for financial gain …
Bribery Boom Or Bust: A Practitioner’S Primer For Differentiating Between Bribes And Legitimate Exceptions In The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, Jer Monson
The Journal of Business, Entrepreneurship & the Law
This article seeks to help business practitioners anticipate and prevent business challenges related to the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. To this end, it attempts a high-level, practitioner-friendly review of the FCPA—including an in-depth look at the anti-bribery provisions, case-based illustrations of their application, and guidelines for staying in compliance. Part I provides practitioners with a brief introduction to the FCPA. Part II proceeds with a more detailed background and overview of the FCPA, examining both the statute’s enactment and the obligations arising from it. Part III provides practitioners with an overview of significant global developments in anti-corruption policy, and profiles …
Hype And Hostility For Hybrid Companies: A Fourth Sector Case Study, Ryan J. Gaffney
Hype And Hostility For Hybrid Companies: A Fourth Sector Case Study, Ryan J. Gaffney
The Journal of Business, Entrepreneurship & the Law
The traditional three-sector ownership model of society grows outmoded. The prevalence of quasi-governmental agencies, public-private partnerships, and government bailouts blurs the line between the public and private sectors. Of concern to this article, however, is the blurring between the private and nonprofit sectors. The cross-pollination is so widespread that a call stands to amend the existing model with an “emerging fourth sector.” The social entrepreneurs attempting to bridge the gap between sectors face limitations from the outset of their venture; legislators did not design traditional legal entities for a “double bottom line” that includes social impact as well as profit. …
Charitable Organizations And Commercial Activity: A New Era - Will The Social Entrepreneurship Movement Force Change?, Jaclyn Cherry
Charitable Organizations And Commercial Activity: A New Era - Will The Social Entrepreneurship Movement Force Change?, Jaclyn Cherry
The Journal of Business, Entrepreneurship & the Law
It is no longer a new trend for charitable organizations to become involved in commercial activities. Thousands of nonprofit organizations have embraced the social entrepreneurial concept and have either created “commercial” type ventures as part of their nonprofits, have created spin-off organizations or subsidiary organizations, or have moved into the new area of hybrid organizations. Because there are no clear rules or guidelines for dealing with this issue, the third sector finds itself with rogue components and a spin-off group of hybrid organizations being loosely termed “social entrepreneurs.” Though these groups have grown in numbers in recent years, they have …
Energy Ratings Hit Commercial Real Estate - California Lights The Way, Jonathan Cahill
Energy Ratings Hit Commercial Real Estate - California Lights The Way, Jonathan Cahill
The Journal of Business, Entrepreneurship & the Law
The Energy Star Program has been extremely successful for consumer appliances and electronics, but can this success translate to commercial real estate? In the United States, commercial buildings account for nearly nineteen percent of energy-related carbon dioxide emissions. Consequently, energy rating of buildings has become an increasingly attractive way to combat pollution and lower energy consumption. Despite this, the United States does not yet have a federal policy requiring energy usage disclosure for buildings. This has left state and local governments to lead the way in innovative and effective reporting regimes. California's response to this regulatory vacuum is Assembly Bill …
California's Flexible Purpose Corporation: A Step Forward, A Step Back, Or No Step At All?, Christen Clarke
California's Flexible Purpose Corporation: A Step Forward, A Step Back, Or No Step At All?, Christen Clarke
The Journal of Business, Entrepreneurship & the Law
The roads of social welfare and commercial enterprise have come to an intersection in recent years. Laws governing corporations are expanding to make room for new forms of business entities that seek to satisfy both social and financial goals. The two most prominent “hybrid” business forms are the Low-Profit Limited Liability Company and the Benefit Corporation. The newest hybrid entity to take effect is the Flexible Purpose Corporation, which was introduced in California at the beginning of 2012. With the existence of hybrid organizations that already fit into the mold of Corporations and Limited Liability Companies, is there really a …
Agents Without Principals: Regulating The Duty Of Loyalty For Nonprofit Corporations Through The Intermediate Sanctions Tax Regulations, Carly B. Eisenberg, Kevin Outterson
Agents Without Principals: Regulating The Duty Of Loyalty For Nonprofit Corporations Through The Intermediate Sanctions Tax Regulations, Carly B. Eisenberg, Kevin Outterson
The Journal of Business, Entrepreneurship & the Law
Delaware corporate law imposes a duty of loyalty on officers and directors as a mechanism to regulate and deter self-dealing transactions. In nonprofit corporations, however, there are generally no shareholders with direct financial incentives to monitor against self-dealing. In the absence of shareholders and other principals, Congress and the IRS have articulated duty of loyalty rules for nonprofits that reach far beyond those applied to the for-profit world--most prominently the § 4958 intermediate sanctions. This article identifies the persons who owe a duty of loyalty to a nonprofit corporation, the applicable fiduciary standards for violating the duty of loyalty, and …
The Gray Zone In The Power Of Local Municipalities: Where Zoning Authority Clashes With State Law, Skye L. Daley
The Gray Zone In The Power Of Local Municipalities: Where Zoning Authority Clashes With State Law, Skye L. Daley
The Journal of Business, Entrepreneurship & the Law
This article will explore the oft-overlooked area of police powers granted to local municipalities by the California Constitution through the lens of marijuana dispensaries. These dispensaries, and the obstacles they face, provide the perfect vantage point from which to survey the current status of zoning power in California. This article will consider the extent and limits of what is known as the “police powers” of local municipalities: the power of cities, towns and counties to regulate, restrict, and proscribe the way in which land can be utilized within its borders. If local municipalities are the creation of the state--indeed, an …
Is There Ever A Reason To Know? A Comparison Of The Contributory Liability "Knowledge" Standard For Websites Hosting Infringed Trademarked Content Versus Infringed Copyrighted Content, Rachel N. Agress
The Journal of Business, Entrepreneurship & the Law
The doctrines of contributory copyright liability and contributory trademark liability are both based on the confluence of basic tort liability and the policy goal of encouraging innovation and commerce. Because the two concepts sometimes conflict, courts have struggled to create a comprehensive body of law to reach a reconciliation. The doctrine of contributory copyright liability evolved through a rich body of case law that was subsequently supplemented by the legislatively enacted Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA). In contrast, the doctrine of contributory trademark liability is a purely common law doctrine and has not witnessed legislative intervention. This article posits that …
Printing The Impossible Triangle: The Copyright Implications Of Three-Dimensional Printing, Brian Rideout
Printing The Impossible Triangle: The Copyright Implications Of Three-Dimensional Printing, Brian Rideout
The Journal of Business, Entrepreneurship & the Law
Three-dimensional printing (3D printing), which allows users to digitize and replicate objects, is emerging as the next potentially disruptive technology. It is now possible to “print” intricate objects from furniture to food to human organs. Because 3D printing relies on computer-based blueprints in order to create physical objects, digital copyright infringement can now impact the physical world. The first example occurred in February 2011, when the world's first Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) takedown notice for a 3D printed object was sent. This article describes how 3D printing works in relation to copyright law, first by discussing this DMCA takedown …
Grave Consequences For Economic Liberty: The Funeral Industry's Protectionist Occupational Licensing Scheme, The Circuit Split, And Why It Matters, Lana Harfoush
The Journal of Business, Entrepreneurship & the Law
This article examines a current circuit split regarding the constitutionality of restrictive occupational licensing schemes that exist only for protectionist purposes. The Sixth Circuit in Craigmiles v. Giles and the Tenth Circuit case Powers v. Harris, are cases that revolve around similar facts but reach opposite outcomes. The two cases profile state funeral industry licensing restrictions. In both cases, the plaintiffs were penalized for selling caskets without state-issued licenses. Though licensing restrictions in the funeral industry affect most Americans as consumers, the scope of this circuit split reaches into nearly every industry. When businesses lobby governments to enact legislation, they …
A New Look For The Fashion Industry: Redesigning Copyright Law With The Innovative Design Protection And Piracy Protection Act (Idpppa), Brittany West
A New Look For The Fashion Industry: Redesigning Copyright Law With The Innovative Design Protection And Piracy Protection Act (Idpppa), Brittany West
The Journal of Business, Entrepreneurship & the Law
Introduced in Congress in August 2010, the Innovative Design Protection and Piracy Prevention Act (IDPPPA) would amend 17 U.S.C. § 1301 to extend copyright protection to unique, distinguishable, non-trivial, and non-utilitarian fashion designs. The fashion industry in the United States is currently a $200 billion industry which is afforded limited intellectual property protection compared to foreign markets. This article explores the applicability of the existing Copyright Act to fashion designs and argues that the IDPPPA takes a narrow approach to eliminate ambiguity present in former bills attempting to amend copyright law. The IDPPPA would incentivize innovation, the ultimate goal of …
Violence Is Never The Answer, Or Is It? Constitutionality Of California's Violent Video Game Regulation, Laura Black
Violence Is Never The Answer, Or Is It? Constitutionality Of California's Violent Video Game Regulation, Laura Black
The Journal of Business, Entrepreneurship & the Law
In 2011, the United States Supreme Court ruled that the California law proscribing the sale of violent video games to minors violated the First Amendment and was, therefore, unconstitutional. Because this is the first video game case to be heard by the Supreme Court, the decision marked a significant milestone for the video game and entertainment industries. The beginning of this note will review the history leading up to the passage of the law as well as examine previous attempts by other states to regulate the distribution of violent video games to minors. Most importantly, this note will explore the …
Both A License And A Sale: How To Reconcile Self-Replicating Technology With Patent Exhaustion, Douglas Fretty
Both A License And A Sale: How To Reconcile Self-Replicating Technology With Patent Exhaustion, Douglas Fretty
The Journal of Business, Entrepreneurship & the Law
Too many authorities view the transfer of patented self-replicating technology (SRT) as either a pure license or a pure sale. If a pure license exists, the patentee can impose post-transfer restrictions on the product's use, frustrating the policy goals of limited monopoly and free alienability of chattels. If a pure sale is triggered, however, the patentee loses all rights through patent exhaustion, allowing the purchaser to replicate the chattel at will. Sensitive to this latter argument, several courts have enforced Monsanto Company's “bag tag” seed licenses, which require Monsanto's farmer customers to destroy all second-generation seed. Urging a middle path, …
It Looks Like A Sale; It Quacks Like A Sale…But It's Not? An Argument For The Application Of The Duck Test In A Digital First Sale Doctrine, Matthew J. Turchyn
It Looks Like A Sale; It Quacks Like A Sale…But It's Not? An Argument For The Application Of The Duck Test In A Digital First Sale Doctrine, Matthew J. Turchyn
The Journal of Business, Entrepreneurship & the Law
What are you purchasing when you buy a print of Picasso's Guernica? The piece of paper it is printed on, several courts have replied. In these instances, courts have created a pragmatic legal fiction that allows for the transfer of a copy of a work while the author retains his or her rights and privileges under copyright law. Therefore, the purchaser of the Guernica print could resell his or her legally created print of the painting on the secondary market. This is the essence of the First Sale Doctrine of the U.S. Copyright Act. This practice breaks down, however, when …
Leveraging The Dialectical Theory In Case Study Analysis: Genzyme's Ethical Dilemma, Andrei Duta
Leveraging The Dialectical Theory In Case Study Analysis: Genzyme's Ethical Dilemma, Andrei Duta
The Journal of Business, Entrepreneurship & the Law
This paper provides the theoretical framework for a case study that I share with students in my courses. The dialectical theory is used to analyze ethical conundrums pertaining to Genzyme, a successful bio-tech corporation based in Boston, Massachusetts that manufactures treatments for serious diseases such as kidney problems, immune diseases, and cancer. We discuss questions such as: is Genzyme acting unethically when averaging extremely high profit margins on drugs for rare diseases? Is the company taking advantage of the lack of pharmaceutical choices that patients have when addressing their ailments? The dialectical theory provides the framework and vocabulary for discussing, …
The Inherent Instability Of The Financial System, Kim De Glossop
The Inherent Instability Of The Financial System, Kim De Glossop
The Journal of Business, Entrepreneurship & the Law
The article explores one of the causes of the financial crisis of 2008 and of financial crises generally. The argument of the paper is that rather than tend toward equilibrium, financial and asset markets have a tendency to become unstable after prolonged periods of stability. The main driver of this process is the expansion of credit. Debt feeds its way into higher asset prices which in turn justify the accumulation of more debt to purchase further assets, and so on. The basis for the idea is Hyman Minsky's Financial Instability Hypothesis, itself a reinterpretation of The General Theory of Employment, …
Managing The Impact Of New Media On The Employment Relationship, Susan A. O'Sullivan-Gavin, John H. Shannon
Managing The Impact Of New Media On The Employment Relationship, Susan A. O'Sullivan-Gavin, John H. Shannon
The Journal of Business, Entrepreneurship & the Law
Attention to privacy issues in the workplace has increased over the past two decades as use of electronic mail and text messages has made these means of communication commonplace. Beyond text messages and emails, employees can access the internet at their place of employment at many different entry points. This access can be through company issued desktops or laptops, mobile phones, mobile internet devices (MIDs), Smartphone technology (photography; video and voice recording capabilities; file transfer and storage), off-site internet connections, Wi-Fi access or hot spots. Employees can access and/or post information on various sites including blogs, wikis, RSS feeds, instant …
"You Had Me At Hello" Or "Let Them Go?": Law Firm Selection, Retention, And Defection In The Investment Banking Industry, Karl D. Shehu
"You Had Me At Hello" Or "Let Them Go?": Law Firm Selection, Retention, And Defection In The Investment Banking Industry, Karl D. Shehu
The Journal of Business, Entrepreneurship & the Law
Drawing upon the theoretical concepts of reputation and social networking, this article's main objective is to assess how investment banks choose external law firms. Using qualitative methods, I show that investment banks, to varying degrees, rely on internal counsel, procurement specialists, and boards of directors to decide which firm to select. When choosing a specific law firm for the first time, corporate decision-makers are likely to evaluate law firms based on intangible factors like reputation and the word-of-mouth referrals of their colleagues. In subsequent selections of a law firm, these factors are transplanted by past results. Firm expertise and cost …
Reforming Executive Compensation: What Do We Know And Where Do We Go?, Priyanka Rajagopalan
Reforming Executive Compensation: What Do We Know And Where Do We Go?, Priyanka Rajagopalan
The Journal of Business, Entrepreneurship & the Law
In this Article, I study a fascinating problem - what are the legal, political and economic implications of regulating executive bonuses? While the Administration's recent consideration of proposals to tax bonuses of AIG executives has sparked a great deal of media speculation and attention, there has been little legal scholarship discussing the various possible consequences of this and other methods of regulating executive compensation. Especially given the growing interest in executive compensation and the possible benefits and costs of regulation in this arena, I believe this paper will make a significant scholarly contribution to the existing literature on corporate governance …
Measuring Intellectual Property 'Strength' And Effects: An Assessment Of Patent Scoring Systems And Causality, W. Lesser
The Journal of Business, Entrepreneurship & the Law
No abstract provided.
Preserving Human Capital: Using The Noncompete Agreement To Achieve Competitive Advantage, Griffin Toronjo Pivateau
Preserving Human Capital: Using The Noncompete Agreement To Achieve Competitive Advantage, Griffin Toronjo Pivateau
The Journal of Business, Entrepreneurship & the Law
Organizations today face numerous challenges: worldwide competitors, changes in information technology, increased reliance on knowledge workers, and a shifting economic environment. Faced with the difficulty of securing advantage by traditional means, management has increasingly focused on employees as a key asset and driver of productivity. Many organizations have adopted the human capital theory, which holds that employees form an asset of the organization. Organizations will seek to maximize their human capital as a differentiator. Presumably, an organization that invests in its human capital will find itself rewarded with increased productivity and higher returns. But here is where the problem develops. …
No More Format Disputes: Are Reality Television Formats The Proper Subject Of Federal Copyright Protection?, Jessica E. Bergman
No More Format Disputes: Are Reality Television Formats The Proper Subject Of Federal Copyright Protection?, Jessica E. Bergman
The Journal of Business, Entrepreneurship & the Law
No abstract provided.
When Scientific Palmers Make Policy: The Impact And Future Of Cap-And-Trade In The United States, Sophia Hamilton
When Scientific Palmers Make Policy: The Impact And Future Of Cap-And-Trade In The United States, Sophia Hamilton
The Journal of Business, Entrepreneurship & the Law
No abstract provided.
Notice: Albums Are Dead - Sell Singles, Brian P. Nestor
Notice: Albums Are Dead - Sell Singles, Brian P. Nestor
The Journal of Business, Entrepreneurship & the Law
No abstract provided.
Third And Extremely Long: Why The Elimination Of The Bcs Seems All But Impossible, Brad Taconi
Third And Extremely Long: Why The Elimination Of The Bcs Seems All But Impossible, Brad Taconi
The Journal of Business, Entrepreneurship & the Law
On January 8, 2009, the University of Florida Gators defeated the University of Oklahoma Sooners in Miami, Florida to win the Bowl Championship Series (“BCS”) Championship Game. As a result of their victory, the Gators were named the Associated Press National Champions after capturing forty eight out of a possible sixty five first place votes. The win on the football field gave the Gators their second national championship in three seasons, but it also reignited a debate about the inherent fairness of the BCS system: whether the BCS violates antitrust law, and whether the federal government should interject and force …
The Quest For Financial Regulatory Reform: Will A Uniform Fiduciary Standard Guide The Way?, Bonnie M. Treichel
The Quest For Financial Regulatory Reform: Will A Uniform Fiduciary Standard Guide The Way?, Bonnie M. Treichel
The Journal of Business, Entrepreneurship & the Law
No abstract provided.
Renewing Healthy Competition: Compulsory Licenses And Why Abuses Of The Trips Article 31 Standards Are Most Damaging To The United States Healthcare Industry, Jon Matthews
The Journal of Business, Entrepreneurship & the Law
No abstract provided.
International Media Pirates: Are They Making The Entertainment Industry Walk The Plank?, Lavonne Burke
International Media Pirates: Are They Making The Entertainment Industry Walk The Plank?, Lavonne Burke
The Journal of Business, Entrepreneurship & the Law
No abstract provided.
Creating A Workable Legal Standard For Defining An Independent Contractor, Karen R. Harned, Georgine M. Kryda, Elizabeth A. Milito
Creating A Workable Legal Standard For Defining An Independent Contractor, Karen R. Harned, Georgine M. Kryda, Elizabeth A. Milito
The Journal of Business, Entrepreneurship & the Law
No abstract provided.