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Articles 241 - 256 of 256
Full-Text Articles in Law
Real Taxation Of Virtual Commerce, Steven Chung
Real Taxation Of Virtual Commerce, Steven Chung
Steven Chung
In virtual worlds, people participate in fantasy adventures or socialize in a visually immersive online environment. Popular examples include World of Warcraft, Second Life, Entropia Universe and Ultima Online. As more people are reportedly earning real money through their virtual world activities, governments are looking into whether virtual world transactions are subject to real taxes, even if the participant does not convert his virtual income into cash. However, the application of U.S. tax law has led to unclear and sometimes conflicting interpretations.
This paper instead looks into the virtual world's economic environment to determine whether in-world transactions should be taxable …
Throwing It All Away: Community, Data Privacy And The False Choices Of Web 2.0, Eli Edwards
Throwing It All Away: Community, Data Privacy And The False Choices Of Web 2.0, Eli Edwards
Eli Edwards
Online privacy has long been a challenge, but the rise of Web 2.0 technologies has made it easier for more people to share personal information about themselves. There is a particular concern that young people who have grown accustomed to baring their private information in the public Internet sphere are especially vulnerable to potential harms now and in the near future. There is even a recurrent meme that posits people today, especially young people immersed in the digital culture, no longer value the right to privacy; the assumption is that between the equal values of community and privacy, Web 2.0 …
Religious Freedom In The Face Of Harsh State And Local Immigration Laws, Michael Scaperlanda
Religious Freedom In The Face Of Harsh State And Local Immigration Laws, Michael Scaperlanda
Michael A. Scaperlanda
No abstract provided.
“Regulating The Political Thicket: Congress, The Courts, And State Reapportionment Commissions", David A. Schultz
“Regulating The Political Thicket: Congress, The Courts, And State Reapportionment Commissions", David A. Schultz
David A Schultz
No abstract provided.
Religious Arguments And The United States Supreme Court: A Review Of Amicus Curiae Briefs Filed By Religious Organizations, Andrew S. Mansfield
Religious Arguments And The United States Supreme Court: A Review Of Amicus Curiae Briefs Filed By Religious Organizations, Andrew S. Mansfield
Andrew S Mansfield
This paper analyzes forty-five amicus curiae briefs filed by religious organizations with the Supreme Court since Brown v. Board of Education, 348 U.S. 886, decided in 1954, through the decision in Ayotte v. Planned Parenthood, 546 U.S. 320, rendered in 2006. The forty-five amicus curiae briefs were filed in nineteen cases and concern issues that are often identified as “moral.” Analysis of the amicus curiae briefs filed with the Supreme Court by religious organizations provides at least three crucial insights. First, the legal arguments presented by religious organizations, as reflected in amicus curiae briefs filed with the Supreme Court, provide …
The Trouble With Stockjobbers: The South Sea Bubble, The Press And The Legislative Regulation Of The Markets, Benedict Sheehy
The Trouble With Stockjobbers: The South Sea Bubble, The Press And The Legislative Regulation Of The Markets, Benedict Sheehy
Benedict Sheehy
Abstract: The South Sea Bubble Act of 1721 is often taken as the first securities legislation. Further it is understood to be a response to a stock market scandal. In fact, the Act was enacted prior to the scandal and indeed the likely cause of the collapse of the stock bubble itself. This article reviews the historical context, including the finance of government of the era, the development of the South Sea Company and its bubble, the legislation, burst and subsequent effects. It places securities legislation in its historical context as part of a broader movement in corporate law, shifting …
Do Cognitive Biases Affect Adjudication?: A Study Of Labor Arbitrators (With Monica Biernat), Martin H. Malin, Monica Biernat
Do Cognitive Biases Affect Adjudication?: A Study Of Labor Arbitrators (With Monica Biernat), Martin H. Malin, Monica Biernat
Martin H. Malin
Labor arbitrators were presented with four cases to decide, each involving a challenge to discipline or discharge of an employee resulting from a work-family conflict. Arbitrators were randomly given versions of the cases in which the gender and one other characteristivc of the employee were varied. The results showed little evidence of direct gender bias in decision-making but did reflect bias against single parents and employees with eldercare, as opposed to childcare, responsibilities. Implications for other adjudicators, including judges, jurors and administrative agency officials are discussed.
Liars And Terrorists And Judges, Oh My: Moral Panic And The Symbolic Politics Of Appellate Review In Asylum Cases, Eric M. Fink
Liars And Terrorists And Judges, Oh My: Moral Panic And The Symbolic Politics Of Appellate Review In Asylum Cases, Eric M. Fink
Eric M Fink
As part of the REAL ID Act, Congress amended the Immigration and Nationality Act to restrict judicial review of adverse credibility determinations by immigration judges. The change came in the wake of controversy of judicial reversals of adverse credibility determinations that the reviewing courts saw as inappropriately speculative and lacking in evidentiary support. Critics, including some appellate judges, have in turn alleged that the appellate courts have been insufficiently deferential to the factual determinations of Immigration Judges (IJs) and the BIA.
This paper examines the argument offered in support of limiting judicial review in this area, and provides an empirical …
Five Decades Of Family Law, Sanford N. Katz
Unprofitable Lending: Modern Credit Regulation And The Lost Theory Of Usury, Brian M. Mccall
Unprofitable Lending: Modern Credit Regulation And The Lost Theory Of Usury, Brian M. Mccall
Brian M McCall
With almost daily news stories about the crisis in our credit markets, it seems inevitable that a new political and academic debate about credit regulation is commencing. With Americans paying billions of dollars in finance charges every year and some loosing their homes, it is time to ask fundamental questions about the liberality of credit supply and terms. Rather than readjusting usury limits or tinkering with disclosure requirements, it is time to reassess America’s philosophy of lending. Although the current socio-economic belief that more credit is better has held dominance for several centuries, history offers an alternative theory. Surprisingly, a …
Quas Primas And The Economic Ordering Of Society For The Social Reign Of Christ The King; A Third Perspective On The Bainbridge/Sargent Law And Economics Debate, Brian M. Mccall
Brian M McCall
How can it be that respected Catholic legal scholars can reach seemingly opposite conclusions about “Law and Economics?” Stephen Bainbridge has argued that both the descriptive and normative aspects of the Law and Economics movement are consistent with and even demanded by the Catholic understanding of the nature of the human person in a fallen world and our historical experience with totalitarian regimes. Mark Sargent, on the other hand, argues that at least the normative, and perhaps aspects of the descriptive, side of Law and Economics are not completely consistent with the nature and purpose of the human being as …
Torture's Future, Aaron J. Shuler
Trying To Vote In Good Conscience, Elizabeth F. Brown
Trying To Vote In Good Conscience, Elizabeth F. Brown
Elizabeth F Brown
This Article analyses the U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops’ statement, Forming Consciences for Faithful Citizenship: A Call to Political Responsibility from the Catholic Bishops of the United States, and how it addresses the economic and environmental issues raised during the 2008 Presidential election.
Why Do Women Lawyers Earn Less Than Men? Parenthood And Gender In A Survey Of Law School Graduates, Neil H. Buchanan
Why Do Women Lawyers Earn Less Than Men? Parenthood And Gender In A Survey Of Law School Graduates, Neil H. Buchanan
Neil H. Buchanan
No abstract provided.
Market Failure In The Marketplace Of Ideas, Tamara R. Piety
Market Failure In The Marketplace Of Ideas, Tamara R. Piety
Tamara R. Piety
Proponents of expansive First Amendment protection for commercial speech often invoke "the marketplace of ideas" metaphor. The use of this metaphor simultaneously invokes generalized notions about the commitment to free markets and free expression. It implies these values are intertwined and that more protection for commercial speech means both more freedom and more truth. I argue that expanding First Amendment protection for commercial speech will not result in the either more truth or more freedom but rather to less of each and explore the ways in which, even with only limited protection for truthful commercial speech, the market has actually …
The Cy Pres Problem And The Role Of Damages In Tort Law, Goutam U. Jois
The Cy Pres Problem And The Role Of Damages In Tort Law, Goutam U. Jois
Goutam U Jois
Class action litigation presents a common problem that has received little discussion in the academic literature. In almost every case, the plaintiff class’s recovery is not fully distributed. For example, all possible plaintiffs may not come forward with their claims, the plaintiffs may not be ascertainable, or claims may not be timely submitted. Administrators are regularly posed with the problem of what to do with these residual funds. Currently, courts are free to do virtually anything with such funds. The system is ad hoc, unpredictable, and unguided by any normative principle. In these cases, I propose that the funds should …