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Articles 1 - 30 of 32
Full-Text Articles in Law
The Empire Of The Lone Mother: Parental Rights, Child Welfare Law, And State Restructuring, Hester Lessard
The Empire Of The Lone Mother: Parental Rights, Child Welfare Law, And State Restructuring, Hester Lessard
Osgoode Hall Law Journal
This article uses the Supreme Court of Canada's decision in G.(J.) v. New Brunswick to frame a discussion of the historical and ideological character of Canadian child welfare regimes on the nature and experience of women’s citizenship within the liberal political order and, in particular, within the current neo-liberal restructuring of welfare provision. The article also analyzes traditional understandings of the political character of child welfare in terms of state intervention and non-intervention, by placing the state ordering of parent-child relations in the context of larger issues of colonialism, gendered parenting discourses, and the linkage between child neglect and poverty. …
Class Actions As Alternative Dispute Resolution, John C. Kleefeld
Class Actions As Alternative Dispute Resolution, John C. Kleefeld
Osgoode Hall Law Journal
This article situates the action in ADR theory by viewing it as a hybrid process that draws on both the command and consensus portions of a rational dispute resolution continuum. Class action legislation does this in a number of ways, the most important being the scope it gives to courts to approve or disapprove class settlements that have been privately negotiated by defence and class counsel. The rationale is to protect the interests of absent class members and ensure that the legislative goals of class actions-access to justice, judicial economy and behaviour modification-are well served. Class actions can thereby render …
Multi-Disciplinary Professional Practices: A Consumer Welfare Perspective, Michael Trebilcock, Lila Csorgo
Multi-Disciplinary Professional Practices: A Consumer Welfare Perspective, Michael Trebilcock, Lila Csorgo
Dalhousie Law Journal
Multi-disciplinary professional practices (MDPs) involving lawyers, accountants and otherprofessionals, have been the subject of considerable industrystudyand controversy in Canada and abroad. In this article, the authors evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of MDPs strictly from a consumer welfare perspective. They argue that, although MDP critics' concerns surrounding such issues as solicitor-client privilege, independence, conflicts of interest, and unauthorized practice are valid, they are often overstated and are, in many cases, encountered even today by professionals outside the MDP context. The advantages to consumers of permitting the evolution of such practices would, in any event, significantly outweigh such disadvantages. The authors'analysis …
The Legislature, The Executive And The Courts: The Delicate Balance Of Power Or Who Is Running This Country Anyway?, A Wayne Mackay
The Legislature, The Executive And The Courts: The Delicate Balance Of Power Or Who Is Running This Country Anyway?, A Wayne Mackay
Dalhousie Law Journal
The expanding role of Canadian courts since the introduction of the Charter has prompted critics to decry what they see as excessive and "anti-democratic" judicial activism. The author addresses such criticisms, responding, in particular, to the arguments of Ted Morton and Rainer Knopff. The article critiques the basic elements of Morton/Knopf's thesis: that activist courts are anti-democratic, excessively political, and engaging in illegitimate law-making. Rejecting the claim that Canada's judiciary is a less democratic state institution, the author notes the powerful law and policy-making role performed by the federal cabinet-for practical purposes, an unelected body. The author endorses the dialogue …
Collective Management Of Copyright And Neighbouring Rights In Canada: An International Perspective, Daniel J. Gervais
Collective Management Of Copyright And Neighbouring Rights In Canada: An International Perspective, Daniel J. Gervais
Daniel J Gervais
This document, prepared in 2001, surveys Canadian collectives, compares the Canadian situation to the situation in a number of other countries, including the United States, and proposes three changes to Canadian legislation, including the introduction of extended collective licensing.
Fort Belknap-Mt Compact Of 2001, Montana
Fort Belknap-Mt Compact Of 2001, Montana
Native American Water Rights Settlement Project
Settlement & State Legislation: No separate settlement agreement. Fort Belknap-Montana compact ratified. (MCA 85-20-1001) (April 16, 2001) Parties: Gros Ventre and Assiniboine Tribes of the Fort Belknap Reservation, MT and US. The Tribes have right to 645 c/f/s from the Milk River and its tributaries upstream from Reservation diversion point with a priority date of October 17, 1855. Off-stream storage is limited to 60,000 a/f and up to 125 c/f/s is for irrigation and other historical purposes. Tribes have right to develop surface water in the Milk River Basin for livestock impoundments provided they don't use more than 30 a/f/y. …
Mandatory Minimum Sentences And Women With Disabilities, Fiona Sampson
Mandatory Minimum Sentences And Women With Disabilities, Fiona Sampson
Osgoode Hall Law Journal
This article examines the issue of mandatory minimum sentencing from the unique perspective of women with disabilities. Concerns about the discriminatory application of mandatory minimum sentences are outlined and analyzed from a gendered disability perspective, as are concerns about the devaluation of the lives of persons with disabilities through the support of reduced sentences for those convicted of murdering persons with disabilities. This examination makes it clear that the different concerns of women with disabilities are difficult to reconcile, as they mandate contradictory positions with respect to the possible abolition of the sentencing practice. The challenges inherent in the development …
Mandatory Minimum Sentences Of Imprisonment: Exploring The Consequences For The Sentencing Process, Julian V. Roberts
Mandatory Minimum Sentences Of Imprisonment: Exploring The Consequences For The Sentencing Process, Julian V. Roberts
Osgoode Hall Law Journal
In this article, the author discusses the nature and consequences of the mandatory sentences of imprisonment created by Bill C-63 in 1995. These mandatory sentences constitute the most comprehensive collection of mandatory minima in Canadian history, and will affect significant numbers of offenders. Unlike most mandatory minima created in other jurisdictions such as Australia, England, and Wales, the legislation that created the firearms offence minima offer no provision to be invoked in exceptional cases. In this article, the author addresses the effect that these new statutory minima am likely to have on sentencing patterns It is argued that they should …
The Political Attractiveness Of Mandatory Minimum Sentences, Anthony N. Doob, Carla Cesaroni
The Political Attractiveness Of Mandatory Minimum Sentences, Anthony N. Doob, Carla Cesaroni
Osgoode Hall Law Journal
This article addresses the question of why Canada still has mandatory minimum sentences despite inquiries by a number of commissions that suggest abolition. It suggests that politicians and judges alike not only promote mandatory minimum policies, but also speak about them in much the same way - as a way of fighting crime. Though the evidence is clear that mandatory minimum sentences are not an effective crime-control strategy, and actually disrupt the sensible operation of the justice system, it is apparent that the deterrence message they deliver is still functional for politicians and is rarely challenged by judges.
Disarming Canadians, And Arming Them With Tolerance: Banning Firearms And Minimum Sentences To Control Violent Crime--An Essay On An Apparent Contradiction, Helene Dumont
Osgoode Hall Law Journal
In an article published in French in 1997, the author offered reflections on feminism and criminal law that would allow for a better control of violent crime, without Parliament having to resort to excessively severe sentences. In this respect, she argued that there was no contradiction in supporting the radical ban of firearms in Canada, while opposing a minimum sentence of four years under the Firearms Act, which currently affects approximately ten serious Criminal Code offences. After setting out her position in favour of the "disarmament" of Canadians, the author argued that minimum sentences of four years were unconstitutional. Such …
Searching For Smith: The Constitutionality Of Mandatory Sentences, Kent Roach
Searching For Smith: The Constitutionality Of Mandatory Sentences, Kent Roach
Osgoode Hall Law Journal
The jurisprudence of the Supreme Court of Canada on the constitutionality of mandatory minimum sentences, from R. v. Smith to R. v. Latimer, is reviewed and assessed in light of relevant developments in constitutional law and sentencing. These include the Supreme Courts increasing interest in constitutional minimalism and corresponding reluctance to rely on hypothetical offenders and facial declarations of invalidity. The manner in which the Court's increasing concern for crime victims and fault levels has been used to justify upholding mandatory sentences is examined. The author also relates this jurisprudence to trends in sentencing, including an increasing acceptance of mandatory …
The Death Penalty, Mandatory Prison Sentences, And The Eighth Amendment's Rule Against Cruel And Unusual Punishments, Jamie Cameron
The Death Penalty, Mandatory Prison Sentences, And The Eighth Amendment's Rule Against Cruel And Unusual Punishments, Jamie Cameron
Osgoode Hall Law Journal
The text of section 12 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and the Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution prohibit cruel and unusual punishment in language that is similar but not identical. Still, in considering constitutional restrictions on punishment, the deviations of the Supreme Court both focus on the concept of gross disproportionality between the offence committed and the state’s response. Despite the appearance of similarity, this article maintains that differences in the American law of sentencing explain why Canada ought not follow or adopt the United States approach to minimum sentences.
Mandatory Minimum Prison Sentencing And Systemic Racism, Faizal R. Mirza
Mandatory Minimum Prison Sentencing And Systemic Racism, Faizal R. Mirza
Osgoode Hall Law Journal
This article discusses the relationship between racist policing, the exercise of prosecutorial discretion, and the disproportionate imposition of mandatory prison sentences on Black-Canadians It argues that the retention and expansion of mandatory prison sentences for serious offences will serve as a powerful means to perpetuate systemic racism in the criminal justice system. Reporting and applying surveys on systemic racism in the criminal justice system, the article sets out to demonstrate that mandatory prison sentences enhance the quasi-judicial role of prosecutors, providing Crown attorneys with greater leverage to convict a disproportionate number of Black persons. In addition, it argues that if …
Latimer: Something Ominous Is Happening In The World Of Disabled People, H. Archibald Kaiser
Latimer: Something Ominous Is Happening In The World Of Disabled People, H. Archibald Kaiser
Osgoode Hall Law Journal
Although the Latimer decision breaks no new substantive ground, it has created a furore over the application of the mandatory minimum sentence for murder. This article maintains that, despite the pre-existing need to examine the complex range of issues in mandatory sentences, the Latimer case provides a wholly inapposite base for revisiting this sanction. The Supreme Court of Canada properly rejected the accused's attempt to invoke the defence of necessity, as well as some procedural contentions. The Court also determined that the mandatory minimum sentence for murder was not cruel and unusual punishment as applied to the accused. The reaction …
Distorting The Prosecution Process: Informers, Mandatory Minimum Sentences, And Wrongful Convictions, Dianne L. Martin
Distorting The Prosecution Process: Informers, Mandatory Minimum Sentences, And Wrongful Convictions, Dianne L. Martin
Osgoode Hall Law Journal
As the use of mandatory minimum sentences becomes more common in Canada, it is important to consider a range of potential consequences that are neither intended nor anticipated. This article considers the implications of mandatory minimum sentences in contributing to wrongful convictions. It considers the impact of these sentences on two significant processes in the criminal justice system, plea bargaining and the development of informers, and argues that both processes are vulnerable to distortions. These distortions, which include the wrongful conviction of innocent people, can be exacerbated by the threat of mandatory minimum prison sentences. In the case of plea …
Aboriginal Peoples And Mandatory Sentencing, Larry N. Chartrand
Aboriginal Peoples And Mandatory Sentencing, Larry N. Chartrand
Osgoode Hall Law Journal
The author examines the impact of mandatory minimum sentencing on Aboriginal peoples in Canada. Emphasis is placed on the recently enacted mandatory minimum sentencing provisions for firearms offenses. The author argues that the enactment of such provisions are inconsistent with Parliament's objectives as reflected in section 718.2(e) of the Criminal Code which requires sentencing judges to pay "particular attention to the circumstances of Aboriginal offenders." In addition, the author explores preliminary arguments to support a finding that mandatory minimum sentences applied to Aboriginal offenders violate sections 12 and 15 of the Charter.
Battered Women And Mandatory Minimum Sentences, Elizabeth Sheehy
Battered Women And Mandatory Minimum Sentences, Elizabeth Sheehy
Osgoode Hall Law Journal
The author argues for the repeal of mandatory minimum sentences based upon their role in the distortion of defences available to battered women on trial for the homicide of their violent mates. After reviewing other legal strategies aimed at eliminating the discriminatory biases facing women who attempt to plead self-defence, and illustrating the ways in which defences to murder are distorted, she turns to the examination of the transcript of a recent murder trial for a woman who argued self-defence. The author uses the transcript to provide concrete illustrations of three ways in which self-defence is distorted by the mandatory …
The Nullification Of Section 718.2(E): Aggravating Aboriginal Over-Representation In Canadian Prisons, Renee Pelletier
The Nullification Of Section 718.2(E): Aggravating Aboriginal Over-Representation In Canadian Prisons, Renee Pelletier
Osgoode Hall Law Journal
This article considers the disproportionate incarceration rate of Aboriginal offenders in Canadian prisons and the effectiveness of Parliament's attempts at alleviating this problem through the enactment of section 718.2(e) of the Criminal Code. This article focuses primarily on two recent Supreme Court of Canada decisions-R. v. Gladue and R. v. Wells. It is argued that the Court's narrow view of systemic factors, the Imitation it places on section 718.2(e) through its discussion of serious offences, as well as a number of practical problems inherent in the framework provided by the Court, strip the provision of its remedial intent. The article …
Rethinking The Sentencing Regime For Murder, Isabel Grant
Rethinking The Sentencing Regime For Murder, Isabel Grant
Osgoode Hall Law Journal
This article reviews the current sentencing regime for the crime of murder in Canada with a view to identifying its shortcomings and suggesting possibilities for improvement. The article argues that the existing classification of murder into first- and second-degree, and the harsh periods of parole ineligibility attached to a murder conviction should both be abolished. The author argues for a compromise position, which would maintain the important distinction between manslaughter and murder and yet allow sufficient flexibility for trial judges to ensure that sentences for murder, as with other crimes, can be tailored to fit the crime.
Oceans Act: Uncharted Seas For Offshore Development In Atlantic Canada?, Aldo Chircop, Bruce A. Marchand
Oceans Act: Uncharted Seas For Offshore Development In Atlantic Canada?, Aldo Chircop, Bruce A. Marchand
Dalhousie Law Journal
Canada's Oceans Act, now five years old, is a ground-breaking piece of legislation in marine law which provides a framework for the development of a national oceans strategy, integrated planning and management, and institutional responsibilities. In this article, the authors review the Act and its issues and argue that the uncertainties found there provide opportunities for participants in the Atlantic Canada offshore oil and gas industry to influence the development of an oceans policy, legal and institutional framework that accommodates all interests.
Regulatory Regime: Canada-Newfoundland/ Nova Scotia Offshore Petroleum Board Issues, Angus Taylor, Jim Dickey
Regulatory Regime: Canada-Newfoundland/ Nova Scotia Offshore Petroleum Board Issues, Angus Taylor, Jim Dickey
Dalhousie Law Journal
This article identifies and comments on some of the issues which may be of interest respecting petroleum operations in the Newfoundland and Nova Scotia offshore areas. An emphasis has been placed on identifying some of the issues from an operational context and from a regulator's perspective, with some legal analysis provided where appropriate.
Are Royalty Agreements Required For Canada East Coast Offshore Oil And Gas?, Alan T. Pettie
Are Royalty Agreements Required For Canada East Coast Offshore Oil And Gas?, Alan T. Pettie
Dalhousie Law Journal
This article examines the royalty regime in the area offshore the two oil and gas producing provinces on the east coast of Canada. A review of the historical background of the legislative framework is provided. The right to levy royalties on the production of oil and gas is reviewed. The legislative provisions relating to the execution of royalty agreements and the introduction of generic royalty regulations are examined. The article describes specific fiscal and commercial terms which are not included in the current Nova Scotia generic royalty regime and might not be included in the generic regime which might be …
Protecting Privacy And Enabling Pharmaceutical Sales On The Internet: A Comparative Analysis Of The United States And Canada, Nicole A. Rothstein
Protecting Privacy And Enabling Pharmaceutical Sales On The Internet: A Comparative Analysis Of The United States And Canada, Nicole A. Rothstein
Federal Communications Law Journal
The Internet raises enhanced and unique concerns regarding informational health privacy and Internet pharmacy sales. As technology advances and the Internet changes the way people obtain medical services and products, protecting consumers and their informational health data in online pharmaceutical transactions is paramount. This Comment charts and compares the existing legal frameworks in the United States and Canada relative to informational health privacy. Following this discussion, each legal framework comes into sharp focus with regard to Internet pharmacy sales. Ultimately, this Comment concludes that based on the highly sensitive nature of personal medical information, a baseline privacy standard should be …
Corporate Groups And Crossborder Insolvencies: A Canada- United States Perspective, Jacob Zeigel
Corporate Groups And Crossborder Insolvencies: A Canada- United States Perspective, Jacob Zeigel
Fordham Journal of Corporate & Financial Law
No abstract provided.
The Problem Of Corporate Groups, A Comment On Professor Ziegel, Robert K. Rasmussen
The Problem Of Corporate Groups, A Comment On Professor Ziegel, Robert K. Rasmussen
Fordham Journal of Corporate & Financial Law
No abstract provided.
Mandatory Bankruptcy Counseling: The Canadian Experience, Lain Ramsay
Mandatory Bankruptcy Counseling: The Canadian Experience, Lain Ramsay
Fordham Journal of Corporate & Financial Law
No abstract provided.
Secret Code: The Need For Enhanced Privacy Protections In The United States And Canada To Prevent Employment Discrimination Based On Genetic And Health Information, Patrik S. Florencio, Erik D. Ramanathan
Secret Code: The Need For Enhanced Privacy Protections In The United States And Canada To Prevent Employment Discrimination Based On Genetic And Health Information, Patrik S. Florencio, Erik D. Ramanathan
Osgoode Hall Law Journal
The collection of genetic and health information by employers for reasons that are unrelated to the health and safety of workers is an undue infringement of the right to privacy, and consequently should be firmly prohibited by statute. Comprehensive genetic and health information privacy requires the protection of at least three critical elements of the right to privacy--namely choice, secrecy, and confidentiality. While choice and secrecy protect the individual's right to privacy at the collection stage, confidentiality safeguards this right at the point of disclosure. Laws that focus on the inappropriate use of genetic and health information without addressing the …
The Political Economy Of Canada's "Widely Held" Rule For Large Banks, Eric J. Gouvin
The Political Economy Of Canada's "Widely Held" Rule For Large Banks, Eric J. Gouvin
Faculty Scholarship
All of the recent changes in foreign access to Canada's banking market have been essentially cosmetic-appearing to make foreign access more liberal while in reality changing the status quo very little. On one point, the so-called widely held rule, Canada does not even bother to pretend that its banking law is friendly to foreign entrants. Under this rule, no person or group may control ten percent or more of a Schedule I bank unless one first obtains the approval of the Minster of Finance. This rule makes foreign acquisition of a Schedule I bank virtually impossible. The widely held rule …
A Consideration Of The Need For A National Dispute Resolution System For National Sport Organizations In Canada, Susan Haslip
A Consideration Of The Need For A National Dispute Resolution System For National Sport Organizations In Canada, Susan Haslip
Marquette Sports Law Review
No abstract provided.
The Changing Labor Markets Of The Western Hemisphere: Labor Issues Relating To The Ftaa, Ann C. Hodges
The Changing Labor Markets Of The Western Hemisphere: Labor Issues Relating To The Ftaa, Ann C. Hodges
Richmond Journal of Global Law & Business
No abstract provided.