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Full-Text Articles in Law

Building A Strong Subnational Debt Market, Paul S. Maco Jan 2001

Building A Strong Subnational Debt Market, Paul S. Maco

Richmond Journal of Global Law & Business

Decentralization of responsibility for finance and growing infrastructure needs are two trends that are expected to stimulate a growth in government borrowing at the sub-national level. Statistics for the first half of 2000 show a significant increase in sub-national debt volume, with global public finance, excluding Canada and the United States, more than doubling that of the first half of 1999.


Don't Call Me A Securities Law Groupie: The Rise And Possible Demise Of The Group Pleading Protocol In 10b-5 Cases, William O. Fisher Jan 2001

Don't Call Me A Securities Law Groupie: The Rise And Possible Demise Of The Group Pleading Protocol In 10b-5 Cases, William O. Fisher

Law Faculty Publications

Corporations often speak through documents. Some, like press releases, may not identify an author. Others, like 10-Ks, bear the signatures of many who did not write them but sign as required by law. In many cases, groups of individuals, working together, prepare these documents. When such documents contain misstatements, plaintiffs may not know initially who wrote them. To address this difficulty, the U.S. Courts of Appeals for the Ninth and Second Circuits created a judge-made pleading protocol. This protocol permits plaintiffs to name officers, and in some cases directors, as defendants in securities fraud cases without pleading specific facts to …