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Articles 1 - 30 of 54
Full-Text Articles in Law
Report Of The Commission Of Enquiry Into Certain Allegations Of Cruelty And Human Rights Abuse Against Anc Prisoners And Detainees By Anc Members, Motsuenyane Commission Of Inquiry, Margaret A. Burnham, Bernard E. Harcourt, David E. Loftis, Samuel M. Motsuenyane, David M. Zamchiya
Report Of The Commission Of Enquiry Into Certain Allegations Of Cruelty And Human Rights Abuse Against Anc Prisoners And Detainees By Anc Members, Motsuenyane Commission Of Inquiry, Margaret A. Burnham, Bernard E. Harcourt, David E. Loftis, Samuel M. Motsuenyane, David M. Zamchiya
Faculty Projects
The Motsuenyane Commission of Inquiry was appointed by the President of the African National Congress of South Africa (ANC), Dr. Nelson Mandela, to investigate allegations of human rights abuses and alleged disappearances among its members. Its terms of reference were dated the 12th January, 1993. This is a historic event insofar as it is the first time that a liberation movement has engaged an independent commission to review allegations that its members violated human rights guarantees within its ranks.
A Vigil For Thurgood Marshall, Eben Moglen
A Vigil For Thurgood Marshall, Eben Moglen
Faculty Scholarship
Three days after his death, on January 27th, Thurgood Marshall came to the Supreme Court, up the marble steps, for the last time. Congress had ordered Abraham Lincoln's catafalque brought to the Court, and on it the casket of Thurgood Marshall lay in state. His beloved Chief, Earl Warren, had been so honored in the Great Hall of the Court, and no one else. Congress made the right decision about the bier, and it spoke with the voice of the people: no other American, of any age, so deserved to lie where Lincoln slept.
To him, all day on Wednesday, …
The Item Veto In State Courts, Richard Briffault
The Item Veto In State Courts, Richard Briffault
Faculty Scholarship
Contemporary debates about state constitutional law have concentrated on the role of state constitutions in the protection of individual rights and have paid less attention to the state constitutional law of government structure.This is ironic since the emergence of a state jurisprudence of individual rights has been hampered by the similarity of the texts of the state and federal constitutional provisions concerning individual rights, whereas many state constitutional provisions dealing with government structure have no federal analogues, and thus state jurisprudence in this area is free to develop outside the dominating shadow of the Federal Constitution and the federal courts. …
Blackmail: The Paradigmatic Crime, George P. Fletcher
Blackmail: The Paradigmatic Crime, George P. Fletcher
Faculty Scholarship
The ongoing debate about the rationale for punishing blackmail assumes that there is something odd about the crime. Why, the question goes, should demanding money to conceal embarrassing information be criminalized when there is nothing wrong with the separate acts of keeping silent or requesting payment for services rendered? Why should an innocent end (silence) coupled with a generally respectable means (monetary payment) constitute a crime? This supposed paradox, however, is not peculiar to blackmail. Many good acts are corrupted by doing them for a price. There is nothing wrong with government officials showing kindness or doing favors for their …
Conflicts Of Copyright Ownership Between Authors And Owners Of Original Artworks: An Essay In Comparative And International Private Law, Jane C. Ginsburg
Conflicts Of Copyright Ownership Between Authors And Owners Of Original Artworks: An Essay In Comparative And International Private Law, Jane C. Ginsburg
Faculty Scholarship
Most, if not all, copyright laws distinguish between ownership of the incorporeal copyright, and ownership of chattels. A generally-accepted corollary holds that alienation of the chattel that constitutes the material form of a copyrighted work does not carry the copyright with it. Applying this principle to works of the visual arts, it should be clear that sale of a painting, even if it is the only "copy" of a work, is not a transfer of the exclusive rights under copyright to reproduce the work or to create derivative works based on the painting. Similarly, ownership of the copyright confers no …
A Tribute To Justice Byron R. White, Lewis F. Powell Jr., Rhesa H. Barksdale, David M. Ebel, Lance Liebman, Charles Fried
A Tribute To Justice Byron R. White, Lewis F. Powell Jr., Rhesa H. Barksdale, David M. Ebel, Lance Liebman, Charles Fried
Faculty Scholarship
Of 107 Justices in 205 years, only twelve have served longer than thirty years, and every long-serving Justice has made a substantial contribution to the institution - offering a steady and dedicated response to the judicial challenges of an era, asserting leadership at a time of national crisis, or articulating a large constitutional vision. The personal qualities and life experiences that a new Justice brings to the Court contain the seeds of the individual's judicial service. Justice White, a skeptical but unflinching democrat, was no exception.
The Protective Power Of The Presidency, Henry Paul Monaghan
The Protective Power Of The Presidency, Henry Paul Monaghan
Faculty Scholarship
Walter Bagehot's still-admired study of the English Constitution distinguished between its "dignified" and "efficient" parts. Bagehot argued that the English Constitution's "dignified" theory of parliamentary supremacy masked the (then) dominant reality of cabinet government. Attacking what he described as the "literary" theory of the American Constitution, Woodrow Wilson posited a similar distinction. Writing in 1885, Wilson asserted that the "literary" theory of American government embodied in Federalist's "ideal checks and balances of the federal system" obscured its efficient principle: "government by the chairmen of the Standing Committees of Congress." An ardent admirer of ministerial government, Wilson especially lamented the condition …
Cunning Stunts: From Hegemony To Desire A Review Of Madonna's Sex, Katherine M. Franke
Cunning Stunts: From Hegemony To Desire A Review Of Madonna's Sex, Katherine M. Franke
Faculty Scholarship
What is sex? Is it an accidental or contingent property that every person can be said to have? I am brunette and female, but the Pope is bald and male. Or, is sex more constitutive, that is, an essential part of who we are? In this respect, the claim is often made that women experience the world ditfierently than men. Or, is sex something we do?
If we consider sex as an adjective, can we or should we be able to manipulate it like a new hair style? Or does the notion of sexual malleability trivialize the significance …
Equality And Diversity: The Eighteenth-Century Debate About Equal Protection And Equal Civil Rights, Philip A. Hamburger
Equality And Diversity: The Eighteenth-Century Debate About Equal Protection And Equal Civil Rights, Philip A. Hamburger
Faculty Scholarship
Living, as we do, in a world in which our discussions of equality often lead back to the desegregation decisions, to the Fourteenth Amendment, and to the antislavery debates of the 1830s, we tend to allow those momentous events to dominate our understanding of the ideas of equal protection and equal civil rights. Indeed, historians have frequently asserted that the idea of equal protection first developed in the 1830s in discussions of slavery and that it otherwise had little history prior to its adoption into the U.S. Constitution. Long before the Fourteenth Amendment, however – long before even the 1830s …
A Commentary On The Harmonization Of European Private Law, George A. Bermann
A Commentary On The Harmonization Of European Private Law, George A. Bermann
Faculty Scholarship
The idea behind bringing together these papers on harmonization in three such distinct fields as contract, copyright and telecommunications, and securities law must be that they may have something to tell us generally about the processes of harmonization in European private law. Each paper tells a story fascinating in its own right, but whether they in fact add up to something more, with implications for private law harmonization as a whole, is the question I naturally want to take up in this commentary.
Lawyers At The Prison Gates: Organizational Structure And Corrections Advocacy, Susan Sturm
Lawyers At The Prison Gates: Organizational Structure And Corrections Advocacy, Susan Sturm
Faculty Scholarship
The rise of the public interest law movement ushered in an era of intense debate over the best way to provide legal representation to those unable to afford private counsel. This debate has involved two related dimensions of public interest representation. First, advocates and observers of public interest practice disagree over the proper role of lawyers acting on behalf of poor and underrepresented clients. They offer competing visions of representation spanning a continuum, from providing equal access to the courts for as many poor people as possible, to attacking the causes and effects of poverty and powerlessness.
The second dimension …
A Morality Fit For Humans, Joseph Raz
A Morality Fit For Humans, Joseph Raz
Faculty Scholarship
I believe that it was opposition to utilitarianism which first bred arguments claiming in one way or another that a view of morality according to which morality is very demanding is mistaken just be-cause morality cannot be so demanding. On first hearing, this type of argument is liable to seem suspect. Humans should be fit for morality, and unfortunately too often they are not – one is inclined to say. If we find morality too demanding the fault is with us and not with morality. The idea of human morality, in the sense of a morality fit for humans …
The Political Economy Of The Wagner Act: Power, Symbol, And Workplace Cooperation, Mark Barenberg
The Political Economy Of The Wagner Act: Power, Symbol, And Workplace Cooperation, Mark Barenberg
Faculty Scholarship
To shed light on the legal debate over new forms of workplace collaboration, this Article reexamines the origins of the National Labor Relations Act of 1935. Professor Barenberg concludes that the Wagner Act scheme was profoundly cooperationist, not adversarial as is conventionally assumed. Revisionist historiography shows that, contrary to the claims of public choice theorists, Senator Wagner's network of political entrepreneurs was the decisive force in the conception and enactment of the new labor policy, amidst interest group paralysis and popular unrest. Drawing on original archival materials and oral histories, Professor Barenberg reconstructs the progressive ideology of Wagner and his …
Understanding The Japanese Keiretsu: Overlaps Between Corporate Governance And Industrial Organization, Ronald J. Gilson, Mark J. Roe
Understanding The Japanese Keiretsu: Overlaps Between Corporate Governance And Industrial Organization, Ronald J. Gilson, Mark J. Roe
Faculty Scholarship
We aim here for a better understanding of the Japanese keiretsu. Our essential claim is that to understand the Japanese system – banks with extensive investment in industry and industry with extensive cross-ownership – we must understand the problems of industrial organization, not just the problems of corporate governance. The Japanese system, we assert, functions not only to harmonize the relationships among the corporation, its shareholders, and its senior managers, but also to facilitate productive efficiency.
Feminism And Disciplinarity: The Curl Of The Petals, Carol Sanger
Feminism And Disciplinarity: The Curl Of The Petals, Carol Sanger
Faculty Scholarship
In this Symposium, feminism has been invited to take a place alongside such well-established disciplines as history, philosophy, and economics in a consolidated exploration of interdisciplinary approaches to law. While sincerely extended – the feminist entry is not the only one that women are writing – and generously unbounded as to scope, ... the invitation raises what for many is a prior question: Is feminism a discipline at all?
As the feminist delegate to this interdisciplinary Symposium, I have therefore taken as my initial task consideration of the issue implicit in the invitation: feminism's credentials as a discipline. I explore …
The Mind In The Major American Law School, Lee C. Bollinger
The Mind In The Major American Law School, Lee C. Bollinger
Faculty Scholarship
Legal scholarship is significantly, even qualitatively, different from what it was some two or three decades ago. As with any major change in intellectual thought, this one is composed of several strands. The inclusion in the legal academic community of women and minorities has produced, not surprisingly, a distinctive and at times quite critical body of thought and writing. The emergence of the school of thought known as critical legal studies has renewed and extended the legal realist critique of law of the first half of the century. But more than anything else it is the interdisciplinary movement in legal …
New Myths And Old Realities: The American Law Institute Faces The Derivative Action, John C. Coffee Jr.
New Myths And Old Realities: The American Law Institute Faces The Derivative Action, John C. Coffee Jr.
Faculty Scholarship
Nothing in The American Law Institute's (ALI) Principles of Corporate Governance: Analysis and Recommendations (Principles) proved more controversial than the effort to develop fair and balanced standards for the derivative action. Only the topic of corporate takeovers seems to evoke an equally intense level of emotion among corporate lawyers. Not surprisingly then, Part VII (Remedies) of the Principles attracted the same attention from critics that a lightning rod does in a thunderstorm.
Unlike other ALI Restatements, however, the Principles also encountered a professional opposition, which lobbied against its adoption, both inside and outside the ALI, on behalf of various outside …
Regulatory Cooperation With Counterpart Agencies Abroad: The Faa's Aircraft Certification Experience, George A. Bermann
Regulatory Cooperation With Counterpart Agencies Abroad: The Faa's Aircraft Certification Experience, George A. Bermann
Faculty Scholarship
This Article examines in some detail the practice and experience of one agency, the Federal Aviation Administration, and more particularly its Aircraft Certification Service, that has of recent years consciously engaged in forms of concerted activity with certain counterpart agencies abroad. This "case study" is of particular interest because the FAA's practice of intergovernmentalism includes, but also goes beyond, cooperation in rulemaking to embrace a certain amount of cooperation in more routine aspects of administration. The study may also be of interest because the intergovernmentalism engaged in largely involves cooperation with a body – the European Joint Aviation Authorities – …
The Transformation Of Morton Horwitz, Eben Moglen
The Transformation Of Morton Horwitz, Eben Moglen
Faculty Scholarship
In 1977, Morton Horwitz published his astonishing first book, The Transformation of American Law, 1780-1860. Looking back, two things could be said of the reception of the Transformation: the book was subjected to extremely searching and ultimately quite successful criticism, while at the same time it dominated the field of American legal history for more than a decade, as no book had before, or has since. Like almost all other historians of American law trained in the years following 1977, my education in the craft of legal history was decisively affected by the Transformation. My first published work was a …
The Incompleat Burkean: Bruce Ackerman's Foundation For Constitutional History, Eben Moglen
The Incompleat Burkean: Bruce Ackerman's Foundation For Constitutional History, Eben Moglen
Faculty Scholarship
With this book, the first in a projected series of at least three volumes, Bruce Ackerman confirms what attentive readers of his law review articles of the past ten years have already known-he is the most original and important writer on constitutional theory in the contemporary English-speaking world. We the People: Foundations, despite its informal, sometimes overly talky style, is not an easy book. Filled to the brim, even to overflowing, and containing many gestures in the direction of arguments to be made in future volumes rather than the substance of the arguments themselves, it presents both the casual reader …
The Role Of The Great Powers In United Nations Peace-Keeping, Lori Fisler Damrosch
The Role Of The Great Powers In United Nations Peace-Keeping, Lori Fisler Damrosch
Faculty Scholarship
Over the past forty-five years, international peace-keeping has developed two principal operational models: the small power model and the big power model. The small power model accounts for virtually all U.N. peace-keeping efforts over more than four decades. However, the big power model is becoming increasingly important to a world which is demanding both symbolism and substance from the United Nations.
Under the small power model, modest, lightly armed contingents from small states are deployed to symbolize international concern rather than to enforce international order. Typically, the participating states have no direct stake in the outcome of the conflict in …
Constitutional Identity, George P. Fletcher
Constitutional Identity, George P. Fletcher
Faculty Scholarship
The aim of this Article is to introduce and clarify a new way of thinking about decisions in close cases, particularly those that address basic issues of constitutional law. When constitutional language fails to offer an unequivocal directive for decision, the recourse of the judge is not always to look "outward" toward overarching principles of political morality. In an illuminating array of cases, the acceptable way to resolve the disputes and to explain the results is to turn "inward" and reflect upon the legal culture in which the dispute is embedded. The way to understand this subcategory of decisions is …
Why There Should Be An Independent Decennial Commission On The Press, Lee C. Bollinger
Why There Should Be An Independent Decennial Commission On The Press, Lee C. Bollinger
Faculty Scholarship
In 1947, the Commission on Freedom of the Press chaired by Robert M. Hutchins, published its report entitled "A Free and Responsible Press:" Sharply criticized by the media when published, the Hutchins Commission Report (as it has come to be known) seems to have assumed only minor status within the history of freedom of the press in this century, as well as among reports on social problems generally. In this article, I will consider whether the Hutchins Commission Report deserves a different fate. Given the media's usually astounding self-preoccupation, the fact that the Report was about the "press" would lead …
Anti-Lesbian And -Gay Right Wing Initiatives: A Strategy For Response, Mary Newcombe, Suzanne B. Goldberg
Anti-Lesbian And -Gay Right Wing Initiatives: A Strategy For Response, Mary Newcombe, Suzanne B. Goldberg
Faculty Scholarship
The increasing visibility and political activism of the lesbian and gay community in this country has sparked a vicious backlash intended to reinforce restrictive notions of social morality and to stifle expressions of lesbian and gay identity. While this backlash has flourished in mainstream institutions, as in the U.S. Senate's hearings on lifting the military's ban against lesbians and gay men, it has also been incited on a grassroots level across the country by the Christian right wing, which has involved itself intimately in exploiting popular inclinations and reinforcing discrimination at the federal and local levels.
Copyright Without Walls?: Speculations On Literary Property In The Library Of The Future, Jane C. Ginsburg
Copyright Without Walls?: Speculations On Literary Property In The Library Of The Future, Jane C. Ginsburg
Faculty Scholarship
This essay considers the application and adaptation of copyright law to the library of the future. In this "library without walls," works will be accessible by computer to users near and far. While a printed book usually is read by only one person at a time, that same book in digital format may be simultaneously consulted by as many users as have PCs linked by modem to the library. Where collecting quotations from printed sources today requires transcription or photocopying, in the library of the future it may be possible to download and print out excerpts, or even the entire …
Challenges To The Doctrine Of Free Trade, Jagdish N. Bhagwati
Challenges To The Doctrine Of Free Trade, Jagdish N. Bhagwati
Faculty Scholarship
The doctrine of free trade is facing new challenges today. As one surveys the policy arena, questions are raised about free trade by those who worry about Japan (and today this includes many more than the "revisionists") and who argue that free trade with Japan is not gainful. Several environmentalists as well oppose free trade with passion. These concerns relate to what now is called the absence of "level playing fields": "fair trade" as a precondition of free trade is the battle cry.
There is also the fear that free trade, even if efficient, hurts the unskilled and thus immiserizes …
He's Gotta Have It, Carol Sanger
He's Gotta Have It, Carol Sanger
Faculty Scholarship
In 1929, James Thurber and E.B. White observed that
[d]uring the past year, two factors in our civilization have been greatly overemphasized. One is aviation. The other is sex.... In the case of aviation, persons interested in the sport saw that the problem was to simplify it and make it seem safe.... With sex, the opposite was true.... The problem in this case was to make sex seem more complex and dangerous. This task was taken up by sociologists, analysts, gynecologists, psychologists, and authors.... They joined forces and made the whole matter of sex complicated beyond [our wildest dreams].... Sex, …
Finessing The Siting Conundrum, Michael B. Gerrard
Finessing The Siting Conundrum, Michael B. Gerrard
Faculty Scholarship
There is a place that today's industrial society desperately wishes to find. In prior eras, people sought Nirvana or the Fountain of Youth or Shangri-La – states of mind (or nothingness) as much as places, really. The object of today's quest has no neighbors, no endangered or threatened species, no hydraulic link to precious groundwater; ideally, it has no connection to the biosphere at all.
That place is called "away," as in, "Let's dig up this contamination and haul it away," or, "We need to take this waste away." The public and private sectors in the United States have spent …
For Mert Bernstein, Inventor Of A Field, Lance Liebman
For Mert Bernstein, Inventor Of A Field, Lance Liebman
Faculty Scholarship
Life brings odd cycles and conjunctions.
More than twenty years ago, as a brand new law teacher, I was assigned by Dean Derek Bok to teach "urban law." I said, "Derek, what is that?" He said: "You have been Assistant to Mayor Lindsay of New York for two years. You figure it out."
The Eclipse Of Reason: A Rhetorical Reading Of Bowers V. Hardwick, Kendall Thomas
The Eclipse Of Reason: A Rhetorical Reading Of Bowers V. Hardwick, Kendall Thomas
Faculty Scholarship
In a careful and compelling reading of the text of the Supreme Court's opinion in Bowers v. Hardwick, Janet Halley provides a meticulous map of the misprisions by which the Hardwick Court "exploit[s] confusion about what sodomy is in ways that create opportunities for the [judicial] exercise of homophobic power." According to Professor Halley, the duplicitous mechanisms the Hardwick Court marshals in reasoning about sodomy entail a mobilization of two "incommensurable articulations": the idea of the sodomitical act, on the one hand, and that of personal identity, on the other.
Professor Halley rightly insists that an anti-homophobic critique …