Law Commons^™

Federal Tax Liens In Bankruptcy, Pierre R. Loiseaux

Vanderbilt Law Review

In this article, the author considers the peculiarly preferred position of the tax lien under section 67 of the Bankruptcy Act. From his consideration of the position of the trustee and the claim of the government he concludes that the law as presently applied is inequitable. He advocates that the government's secret lien be held invalid against the trustee, that the inchoate lien doctrine should not be applied in bankruptcy, and that the doctrine of Moore v. Bay be modified.

Arrangements And Wage Earner Plans: Proceedings Under Chapters Xi And Xiii, Sydney Krause

Vanderbilt Law Review

In this article, Mr. Krause considers the practical problems confronting the attorney who conducts proceedings under chapters 11 and 13 of the Bankruptcy Act. The article is a revision of remarks made by Mr. Krause at the Institute on Debtor-Creditor Relations held at the Vanderbilt University School of Law on November 11, 1961. While a number of changes have been made in the remarks, the author has retained, insofar as possible, the original flavor of the address.

Public Utility Debt Ratios And The Public Interest--Reasonable Fixed Charges And Just And Reasonable Rates, Melvin G. Dakin

Vanderbilt Law Review

Mr, Dakin explores the complex and difficult field of the financing of public utilities corporations. He describes and evaluates the approaches of four commissions: the Securities and Exchange Commission which must approve the reorganization of public utilities corporations which have gone into bankruptcy, the Federal Communications Commission, the Federal Power Commission, and the Michigan Public Service Commission. He concludes by suggesting that in some instances these agencies are placing too great emphasis on their conception of sound financing at the expense of the customers served by these utilities.

The Wage Earner's Plan In Practice, Reginald W. Mcduffee

Vanderbilt Law Review

In this article Judge McDuffee discusses the present use of the Wage Earner's Plan, the need for its extension, and the potential which this provision possesses for benefiting both debtor and creditor. He documents his commentary both with statistical data and with statements made by referees throughout the nation.

Preferences Under The Bankruptcy Act, Charles Seligson

Vanderbilt Law Review

The Bankruptcy Act allows the trustee in bankruptcy to avoid the effect of certain transactions entered into by the debtor on the ground that these transactions give some creditors a preference. In this article, Mr. Seligson examines section 60 of the Bankruptcy Act to determine when this can be done. He discusses the elements of preferential transfers, the problems of proof, the relationship between state and federal law, and the manner in which the statutory provisions have been applied by the courts.

The Dischargeability Of Debts In Bankruptcy, Paul J. Hartman

Vanderbilt Law Review

From the viewpoint of the bankrupt debtor, a discharge from his obligations is, no doubt, the most important facet of bankruptcy proceedings. The bankruptcy discharge is designed to relieve the honest debtor from his financial entanglements, and to give him an opportunity to reinstate himself in the business world. A debtor is now entitled to a discharge as a matter of right, unless he has been guilty of certain specified offenses against the Bankruptcy Act. For many generations the idea of a discharge from one's debts has been the relieving feature of bankruptcy. However, it has not always been so. …

The Practitioner And The Bankruptcy Process, John M. Bates

Vanderbilt Law Review

While procedure in bankruptcy matters is not difficult it requires meticulous attention to detail. After observing many cases, it is my opinion that the average practitioner who carefully observes the rules of procedure and is painstaking and conscientious in drafting the schedules and other required pleadings can find bankruptcy an interesting and rewarding practice.

The Wage Earners' Plan: Its Purpose, Walter Chandler

Vanderbilt Law Review

Chapter XIII is the forerunner of the general revision of the National Bankruptcy Act in 1938. Introduced as a bill for the relief of harassed wage earners who desire to pay their debts if given sufficient opportunity, the bill attracted the attention of the Honorable Hatton W. Sumners, Chairman of the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives. In view of the cumulative need for a definitive study of the law of bankruptcy with the end view of enacting a complete revision of the Act of 1898, a special subcommittee on bankruptcy was created; this subcommittee, with the …

Recent Cases, Law Review Staff

Vanderbilt Law Review

Civil Rights--Civil Rights Act of 1871--"Under Color of Law" Defined

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Conflict of Laws--Characterization--Amount of Damages in Wrongful Death Action Held to be Procedural and thus Controlled by Law of the Forum

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Criminal Law-Insanity--Third Circuit Adopts A New Test for Criminal Responsibility

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Criminal Law--Smith Act--Membership Clause Requiring Active Membership in Communist Party and Specific Intent To Use Violence Held Not To Violate the First or Fifth Amendments

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Criminal Procedure--Evidence-States May Not Constitutionally Use Evidence Obtained by Illegal Search and Seizure in Criminal Cases

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Evidence--Hearsay--Old Newspaper Article Admitted as Evidence of Facts Contained on Grounds of Necessity …

Determination Of The Effect Of A Discharge In Bankruptcy, T. A. Smedley

Vanderbilt Law Review

This article examines the operation of the system under which the granting of the discharge is the function of the bankruptcy court but the construction of the effect of the discharge falls within the power of any court in which a creditor happens to bring suit to enforce an obligation of the bankrupt. The customary practice of leaving to the lower state courts the task of determining the dischargeability of specific debts is evaluated, and the bases for having this determination made in the bankruptcy court instead are explored.

The Equitable Subordination Of Claims In Bankruptcy, Asa S. Herzog, Joel B. Zweibel

Vanderbilt Law Review

The authors of this article address themselves to the problems raised by the use by bankruptcy courts of their equity powers to subordinate claims. They discuss the distinctions between subordination and disallowance, the interplay between state and federal law, res adjudicata, and the classes of cases in which equitable subordination occurs. They conclude that, while much confusion exists in this area, the equitable principles involved are generally sound and that applying them is often in the best interest of debtor, creditor, and public.

Selected Materials On The Literature Of Bankruptcy, Roy Mersky

Vanderbilt Law Review

Charles Warren, in his book Bankruptcy in United States History, opens the first chapter with a statement that would discourage most lawyers interested in developing a practice in bankruptcy: "The subject of bankruptcy is gloomy and depressing in that the law of bankruptcy is dry and discouraging." However, a federal bankruptcy law has been on the statute books continuously since 1898, and it is safe to assume that barring a nuclear war, legal problems dealing with bankruptcy will continue for along time in the future.

Summary Proceedings In Direct Contempt Cases, Thomas R. Allen

Vanderbilt Law Review

That the "power and majesty" of the law, personified by the court and its decrees, could not be lightly brushed aside even by a prince was a settled fact by the time of Shakespeare; it remains so today. But the proceedings by which such an offense may be punished is another matter. At the present time a large number of contempts are disposed of by summary proceedings. It was not always so, and recently a number of highly respected judges and writers have begun to argue that the practice should be discontinued. This revival of interest is the raison d'etre …

Book Reviews, Donald P. Kommers, I. C. Rand

Vanderbilt Law Review

Law and Social Process in United States History:

The excellence of Law and Social Process in United States History in every respect matches the high honor accorded Professor Hurst when invited to deliver the ninth series of the Thomas M. Cooley Lectures under the sponsorship of the University of Michigan Law School. This volume, following upon the heels of his Growth of American Law and Law and the Conditions of Freedom, the latter having won the James Barr Ames prize granted quadrennially by the Harvard Law School, merely affirms his stature as an eminent legal historian. Like the earlier volumes, …

Federal And State Condemnation Proceedings--Procedure And Statutory Background, William E. Miller

Vanderbilt Law Review

The development of our modern and complex society has necessitated a widespread appropriation of private property for public use. The vital importance of present-day eminent domain is emphasized by the staggering proportions of recent and proposed takings in terms of the amount of land appropriated, its monetary value, and the number of individual citizens whose property is affected. In the Middle District of Tennessee alone--of course a small part of the national total-in excess of 700 tracts or parcels of land have been condemned during the past seven and one-half years for various projects, including the Old Hickory Dam and …

Annual Survey Of Tennessee Law, Val Sanford

Vanderbilt Law Review

The principal conclusion to be derived from a survey of the decisions reported and the statutes adopted during the past year in the field of administrative procedure is that sound policy necessitates the enactment of a general, uniform and effective administrative procedure act in this state.The standards by which any procedural system should be measured can readily be stated. The basic purpose of any procedural system should be to attempt to assure that all matters within its scope are resolved on their true merits, and not on some failure to follow exactly the prescribed path. To accomplish this end, there …

Domestic Relations -- 1961 Tennessee Survey, William J. Harbison

Vanderbilt Law Review

In the case of In re Van Huss' Petition' the Tennessee Supreme Court denied an adoption under a literal interpretation of the residence requirements inserted into the adoption statutes in 1959. Under the 1959 statutes, although the petitioners in adoption proceedings were not required to make Tennessee their legal residence, they were required to "have lived, maintained a home and been physically present in Tennessee, or on federal territory within the boundaries of Tennessee for one (1) year next preceding the filing of the petition .... -

In the Van Huss case the petitioning husband met all of the other …

Local Government Law -- 1961 Tennessee Survey, Eugene Puett

Vanderbilt Law Review

Change of Boundaries.--Incorporated cities and towns continued to use the authority in the annexation statute to annex by ordinance,'and the courts were presented with several questions of interpretation of the statute not heretofore answered.

Discretion To Annex by Ordinance--The question in Central Soya Co. v. City of Chattanooga was whether or not a municipality when petitioned by "interested persons" must propose extension of its corporate limits by the referendum method.

Burden of Proof in Annexation--Since the action of the municipality is by ordinance, the suit to contest the validity of an annexation ordinance is in the nature of a quo …

Restitution -- 1961 Tennessee Survey, John W. Wade

Vanderbilt Law Review

"A person who has been unjustly enriched at the expense of an-other is required to make restitution to the other." This is the first section of the Restatement of Restitution.' It indicates the principle underlying a field of the law coordinate with tort and contract.About a dozen cases during the survey period may be classified as raising a problem within this general subject. They do not cover the whole range of the field and have here been classified on a pragmatic rather than an analytical basis.

Services are normally rendered under a contract which governs the nature of the services …

Procedure And Evidence -- 1961 Tennessee Survey, Edmund M. Morgan

Vanderbilt Law Review

In this article no mention is made of the numerous reiterations of the rule that in considering a motion for a directed verdict, the trial court must deny the motion where there is any material evidence that would warrant a jury in finding against the moving party. Nor is there noted the many, many applications of the courts' settled practice to deny a petition to rehear which merely reargues matters which counsel insist were improperly decided after argument and full consideration. Again, it must be said that this survey is in most respects a mere "horizontal digest." Thus far the …

Workmen's Compensation -- 1961 Tennessee Survey, J. Gilmer Bowman, Jr.

Vanderbilt Law Review

Two bills amending the Workmen's Compensation Law' were enacted during the survey year. The first placed a limit of $12,500 on compensation payable for any permanent partial injury, not limited to those set forth in the schedule. It also added the following self-explanatory sentence to the first paragraph of section 50-1027, Tennessee Code Annotated: To receive benefits from the Second Injury Fund, the injured employee must be the employee of an employer who has properly insured his workmen's compensation liability or has qualified to operate under the Tennessee Workmen's Compensation Law as a self-insurer. The second amendment changed the definition …

Personal Property And Sales -- 1961 Tennessee Survey, James O. Bass, Jr.

Vanderbilt Law Review

The Tennessee courts have heretofore denied recovery in actions for breach of warranty in the absence of privity of contract between the plaintiff and the defendant.' The required privity had not previously been found when a manufacturer was sued by a consumer who purchased from an intermediate dealer. . . .

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Contractual Disclaimer.-In the Dodson case, there was an alter-native holding that the consumer could recover on the theory of an implied warranty of quality or fitness. The significance of such a holding lies in the fact that the express warranty which the court found running from General Motors …

Comment: The Enforcement Of Agreements To Arbitrate, Irving Kovarsky

Vanderbilt Law Review

Three 1960 Supreme Court decisions' have limited the ability of litigants to challenge successfully the jurisdiction and award-making powers of labor arbitrators. The limitations imposed by the Court upon the judiciary's power to question the arbitrator, a reversal of traditional procedure, is of great significance and will unquestionably necessitate some readjustment on the part of management. This article attempts to place these recent developments in perspective and to suggest briefly certain practical changes in the attitudes of courts and contract negotiators that may result from them.

Equity -- 1961 Tennessee Survey, T. A. Smedley

Vanderbilt Law Review

During the past year noteworthy decisions have been handed down by the Tennessee courts relating to the availability of injunctive relief to restrain the perpetration of a nuisance, the commission of a trespass, the violation of a non-competition covenant, and the prosecution of an action at law. A suit for specific performance required a determination on the issue of whether the written memorandum was sufficient to satisfy the statute of frauds; and a ruling on the application of the clean hands maxim was necessary in a suit to remove a cloud on title. Finally, a clarification was made regarding a …

Creditors' Rights And Security Transactions -- 1961 Tennessee Survey, Forrest W. Lacey

Vanderbilt Law Review

Two cases involving a claim of usury were decided during the period of this survey. However, in one, Post Sign Co. v. Jemc's, Inc.,'the court did not reach the issue of usury, but instead held that this issue could not be raised by the parties involved. The facts were somewhat complicated.

Decedents' Estates, Trusts And Future Interests -- 1961 Tennessee Survey, Herman L. Trautman

Vanderbilt Law Review

The subject matter will be discussed under the three headings indicated above. The developments of the year' include court decisions and relevant new legislation enacted by the Eighty-second General Assembly of the State of Tennessee. Perhaps the most significant development of probate law in Tennessee during the period was the enactment of the Uniform Testamentary Additions to Trusts Act, referred to generally as the "pour-over" statute. Very likely this statute will have a substantial and dramatic impact upon (1) the arrangements of decedents' estates, and (2). the future role that the executor and the lawyer will have in the settlement …

Insurance -- 1961 Tennessee Survey, Robert N. Covington

Vanderbilt Law Review

The developments in the Tennessee law of insurance during the past year were important without being surprising. The various courts delivered opinions dealing with a number of the central issues in insurance law, especially in the field of risk control, and by and large followed the line of thinking established by past years. Many of the decisions are of less significance than one might suppose, because of their extreme involvement in particular fact situations.

State And Local Taxation -- 1961 Tennessee Survey, Paul J. Hartman

Vanderbilt Law Review

Not many cases involving state taxes have been decided by the Tennessee courts during the period covered by this survey. Action taken in the halls of Congress, however, has the potential of a major revamping of the taxing power of all state and local governments.

Recent Cases, Law Review Staff

Vanderbilt Law Review

Constitutional Law--Freedom of Speech--Prior Restraint on Motion Picture Exhibition

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Criminal Law--Murder--Year and a Day Rule Rejected in Pennsylvania

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Real Property--Restraints on Alienation--Conveyance Giving Housing Cooperative First Option to Buy and Right to Redeem is not an Invalid Restraint on Alienation

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Taxation--Income Tax--Uncompensated Casualty Loss Due to Drought Allowed as Section 165 Deduction

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Torts--Negligence--Fireman in Performance of Duties Allowed Recovery as Invitee

Law And History, C. J. Friedrich

Vanderbilt Law Review

Law is frozen history. In an elementary sense, everything we study when we study law is the report of an event in history, and all history consists of such records or reports. It therefore cannot be my task to develop a sermon on the importance of historical records for the understanding of the law; the tie is too intimate and too obvious to need laboring." The work of Professor Maine on 'Ancient Law,'" wrote Professor T. W. Dwight in his Introduction to that book in the sixties of the last century, "is almost the only one in the English language …